减氮后中日粳稻品种杂交后代株型、产量和米质的变化及其相互关系

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2020.9051

中国水稻科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 171-180.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2020.9051

减氮后中日粳稻品种杂交后代株型、产量和米质的变化及其相互关系

杜志敏, 刘晓琳, 邵丹蕾, 张楠, 王祎玮, 王镜博, 伍晓康, 胡涛, 夏原野, 徐海^*()

沈阳农业大学水稻研究所/农业部东北水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/北方超级粳稻育种教育部重点实验室/辽宁省北方粳稻遗传育种重点实验室,沈阳 110866

收稿日期:2019-04-30 修回日期:2019-06-16 出版日期:2020-03-10 发布日期:2020-03-10
通讯作者: 徐海
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目（2017YFD0100502）;国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目（CARS-01-13）;公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201403002-2）

Variation of Plant Type, Yield and Quality of Hybrid Progenies of Chinese and Japanese Japonica Rice Varieties Under Nitrogen Reduction Practice and Their Interrelation

Zhimin DU, Xiaolin LIU, Danlei SHAO, Nan ZHANG, Yiwei WANG, Jingbo WANG, Xiaokang WU, Tao HU, Yuanye XIA, Hai XU^*()

Institute of Rice Research, Shenyang Agricultural University /Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture /Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education/ Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Genetics and Breeding of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China

Received:2019-04-30 Revised:2019-06-16 Online:2020-03-10 Published:2020-03-10
Contact: Hai XU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究氮肥减施后中日粳稻品种杂交构建的重组自交系(RIL)群体株型、产量和米质性状的变化规律及其相互关系。【方法】以中国东北地区典型的直立穗型水稻辽粳5号与日本的优质米水稻秋田小町（弯曲穗型）杂交构建的RIL群体为试材,在高氮和低氮两种施肥模式下,调查株型、产量及米质性状,分析三者间的关系,探讨高产、稳产、高食味值类型株系的共同特征。【结果】氮肥减施后RIL群体齐穗期提前,株高降低,剑叶、倒2叶、倒3叶叶片变窄变短,剑叶基角变小,倒3叶基角变大,结实率、千粒重、经济系数增大,单株穗数减少,产量下降,糙米率和精米率提高,食味值提高。在两种施肥模式下,高产高食味值类型株系与低产低食味类型株系的显著区别是植株较高,叶片长,穗子长,一次枝梗结实率高,着粒密度较小;高产稳产类型株系的共同特征是剑叶较窄、剑叶基角较大;高产稳产高食味值类型株系的共同特征是剑叶和倒2叶较窄。【结论】株型特征可以用来间接选择高产、稳产、高食味值的水稻品种。

关键词: 减氮, 株型, 产量, 米质, 食味

Abstract:

【Objective】Our aim is to study the variation of plant type, yield and rice quality of hybrid progenies of Chinese and Japanese japonica rice varieties under nitrogen fertilizer reduction and their interrelation.【Method】The recombinant inbred line (RIL) population constructed by crossing Liaojing 5, a typical erect panicle type rice variety in Northeast China with Akita Koizumi (curved panicle type), a good quality rice variety in Japan, was used as test material under two different fertilization modes of high nitrogen and low nitrogen levels. The changes of plant type, yield and rice quality and their relationship were analyzed. The common characteristics of rice varieties with high yield, stable yield and high taste value were summarized. 【Result】The full heading stage of RIL population was advanced, the plant height decreased, the flag leaf, top second leaf and top third leaf narrowed and shortened, the base angle of flag leaf decreased, the base angle of top third leaf increased, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, economic coefficient increased, panicle number and yield decreased, brown rice rate, milled rice rate and taste value increased. Compared with low-yield and low-taste rice type, high yield and high taste rice type has higher plants, longer leaves and panicles, higher seed setting rate on primary rachis branches, and lower grain density; high- and stable-yield type was featured by narrower leaves, larger base angle of flag leaves; high- and stable-yield and high-taste types were characterized by narrower flag leaves and the second leaf under the two fertilization patterns. 【Conclusion】Plant type characteristics can be used to indirectly select rice varieties with high yield, stable yield and high taste value.

Key words: nitrogen reduction, plant-type, yield, quality, taste value

中图分类号:

杜志敏, 刘晓琳, 邵丹蕾, 张楠, 王祎玮, 王镜博, 伍晓康, 胡涛, 夏原野, 徐海. 减氮后中日粳稻品种杂交后代株型、产量和米质的变化及其相互关系[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2020, 34(2): 171-180.

Zhimin DU, Xiaolin LIU, Danlei SHAO, Nan ZHANG, Yiwei WANG, Jingbo WANG, Xiaokang WU, Tao HU, Yuanye XIA, Hai XU. Variation of Plant Type, Yield and Quality of Hybrid Progenies of Chinese and Japanese Japonica Rice Varieties Under Nitrogen Reduction Practice and Their Interrelation[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2020, 34(2): 171-180.

图/表 13

参考文献 28

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施肥模式 Fertilization practice	基肥 Basal fertilizer (05-15)			促蘖肥Topdressing for tillering (05-28)	保蘖肥Fertilizer for tiller growth (06-20)	穗肥Panicle fertilizer (07-12)		粒肥Grain fertilizer (08-05)
施肥模式 Fertilization practice	尿素Urea	磷酸二铵DAP	氯化钾KCl	尿素Urea	尿素Urea	尿素Urea	氯化钾KCl	尿素Urea
高肥HFP	150	150	112.5	150	75	90	75	0
低肥LFP	0	150	112.5	75	0	45	75	18

施肥模式 Fertilization practice	基肥 Basal fertilizer (05-15)			促蘖肥Topdressing for tillering (05-28)	保蘖肥Fertilizer for tiller growth (06-20)	穗肥Panicle fertilizer (07-12)		粒肥Grain fertilizer (08-05)
施肥模式 Fertilization practice	尿素Urea	磷酸二铵DAP	氯化钾KCl	尿素Urea	尿素Urea	尿素Urea	氯化钾KCl	尿素Urea
高肥HFP	150	150	112.5	150	75	90	75	0
低肥LFP	0	150	112.5	75	0	45	75	18

性状 Trait	低肥区 Low fertilizer pattern	高肥区 High fertilizer pattern
株高Plant height /cm	113.32^**	121.86
颈穗弯曲度Panicle curvature /°	45.58	44.80
剑叶基角Flag leaf angle /°	13.21^*	14.13
倒2叶基角TLA2/°	11.90	11.74
倒3叶基角TLA3/°	17.26^**	15.58
剑叶长FLL/cm	29.83	29.99
剑叶宽FLW/cm	1.30^**	1.36
倒2叶长TSLL2/cm	37.31^**	38.30
倒2叶宽TSLW2/cm	1.10^**	1.18
倒3叶长TSLL3/cm	38.39^**	41.26
倒3叶宽TSLW3/cm	1.01^**	1.09
穗长Panicle length /cm	20.85	20.82
一次枝梗数NPRB	11.34^**	11.72
二次枝梗数NSRB	26.82	26.11
一次枝梗结实率SSRPRB/%	96.03^**	94.24
二次枝梗结实率SSRSRB/%	86.76^**	76.99
着粒密度Grain density /(粒·dm^-1)	68.55	69.52

性状 Trait	低肥区 Low fertilizer pattern	高肥区 High fertilizer pattern
株高Plant height /cm	113.32^**	121.86
颈穗弯曲度Panicle curvature /°	45.58	44.80
剑叶基角Flag leaf angle /°	13.21^*	14.13
倒2叶基角TLA2/°	11.90	11.74
倒3叶基角TLA3/°	17.26^**	15.58
剑叶长FLL/cm	29.83	29.99
剑叶宽FLW/cm	1.30^**	1.36
倒2叶长TSLL2/cm	37.31^**	38.30
倒2叶宽TSLW2/cm	1.10^**	1.18
倒3叶长TSLL3/cm	38.39^**	41.26
倒3叶宽TSLW3/cm	1.01^**	1.09
穗长Panicle length /cm	20.85	20.82
一次枝梗数NPRB	11.34^**	11.72
二次枝梗数NSRB	26.82	26.11
一次枝梗结实率SSRPRB/%	96.03^**	94.24
二次枝梗结实率SSRSRB/%	86.76^**	76.99
着粒密度Grain density /(粒·dm^-1)	68.55	69.52

性状 Trait	低肥区 Low fertilizer pattern	高肥区 High fertilizer pattern
单株穗数Panicle number per plant	10.36^**	13.50
每穗粒数Grain number per panicle	139.90	142.22
结实率Seed setting rate /%	90.92^**	85.03
千粒重Thousand grain weight /g	25.24^**	24.19
经济系数Economic index	0.58^**	0.54
产量Yield /(kg·hm^-2)	7725.45^**	9054.30

减氮后中日粳稻品种杂交后代株型、产量和米质的变化及其相互关系

Variation of Plant Type, Yield and Quality of Hybrid Progenies of Chinese and Japanese Japonica Rice Varieties Under Nitrogen Reduction Practice and Their Interrelation

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Metrics

性状 Trait	低肥区 Low fertilizer pattern	高肥区 High fertilizer pattern
糙米率Brown rice rate	79.12 ^**	78.20
精米率Milled rice rate	70.02^*	69.22
整精米率Head rice rate	64.72	63.78
垩白粒率Chalky rice rate	25.76	27.34
垩白度Chalk degree	8.90	10.34
白度值White value	17.68	18.66
直链淀粉含量Amylose content	19.88	19.95
蛋白质含量Protein content	7.35 ^**	7.72
食味值Taste value	71.82 ^**	64.76

类别 Type	低产低食味值类型 LYLTV	低产高食味值类型 LYHTV	高产低食味值类型 HYLTV	高产高食味值类型 HYHTV
株高Plant height /cm	105.89 c	117.47 a	111.27 b	118.58 a
颈穗弯曲度Panicle curvature /°	39.38 b	48.77 a	46.63 ab	48.40 a
剑叶基角Flag leaf angle/°	11.56 b	14.17 a	13.17 ab	13.86 a
倒2叶基角TLA2/°	11.17 a	12.36 a	11.83 a	12.09 a
倒3叶基角TLA3/°	16.38 a	17.94 a	17.74 a	16.43 a
剑叶长FLL/cm	26.57 b	31.44 a	29.77 a	32.16 a
剑叶宽FLW/cm	1.33 a	1.28 a	1.31 a	1.30 a
倒2叶长TSLL2/cm	33.98 c	39.02 ab	37.05 b	39.67 a
倒2叶宽TSLW2/cm	1.14 a	1.07 b	1.12 ab	1.10 ab
倒3叶长TSLL3/cm	35.59 b	39.84 a	38.27 b	40.19 a
倒3叶宽TSLW3/cm	1.04 a	1.00 a	1.02 a	0.99 a
穗长Panicle length/cm	19.22 b	21.70 a	21.10 a	21.57 a
一次枝梗数NPRB	11.11 ab	11.31 ab	11.75 a	11.71 a
二次枝梗数NSRB	26.84 a	26.20 a	28.43 a	27.77 a
一次枝梗结实率SSRPRB/%	95.77 b	96.16 ab	95.43 b	96.81 a
二次枝梗结实率SSRSRB/%	86.21 a	87.06 a	86.22 a	87.59 a
着粒密度Grain density/(粒·dm^-1)	74.30 a	63.95 c	73.34 ab	67.07 bc

类别 Type	低产低食味值类型 LYLTV	低产高食味值类型 LYHTV	高产低食味值类型 HYLTV	高产高食味值类型 HYHTV
株高Plant height /cm	115.29 b	121.63 a	124.40 a	127.44 a
颈穗弯曲度Panicle curvature/°	43.46 ab	46.68 ab	41.82 b	49.86 a
剑叶基角Flag leaf angle/°	13.77 ab	12.95 b	14.32 ab	15.54 a
倒2叶基角TLA2/°	11.29 a	10.94 b	12.44 a	12.03 a
倒3叶基角TLA3/°	14.49 b	15.49 a	16.13 a	16.33 a
剑叶长FLL/cm	27.50 b	31.90 a	29.39 b	32.72 a
剑叶宽FLW/cm	1.38 a	1.32 b	1.39 a	1.31 b
倒2叶长TSLL2/cm	35.76 b	40.21 a	37.75 a	41.03 a
倒2叶宽TSLW2/cm	1.21 a	1.13 b	1.20 a	1.12 b
倒3叶长TSLL3/cm	38.83 b	41.61 a	41.84 a	43.52 a
倒3叶宽TSLW3/cm	1.12 a	1.06 ab	1.11 a	1.03 b
穗长Panicle length /cm	19.58 c	21.52 ab	20.77 b	22.02 a
一次枝梗数NPRB	11.30 c	11.56 bc	12.11 a	11.83 ab
二次枝梗数NSRB	25.22 b	25.74 b	27.63 a	25.25 b
一次枝梗结实率SSRPRB/%	92.77 b	94.61 a	94.54 a	95.52 a
二次枝梗结实率SSRSRB/%	72.68 c	78.00 ab	76.82 bc	82.59 a
着粒密Grain density/(粒·dm^-1)	71.68 a	65.08 b	73.76 a	63.72 b

类型 Trait	高产稳产 HYSY	高产不稳产 HYIY	低产稳产 LYSY	低产不稳产 LYIY
穗长Panicle length/cm	21.51 a	21.21 a	20.86 a	20.18 a
一次枝梗数NPB	12.16 a	11.99 ab	11.40 b	11.41 b
二次枝梗数NSB	26.04 a	26.81 a	24.99 a	25.59 a
一次枝梗结实率FRPB/%	94.56 a	94.95 a	93.35 a	93.58 a
二次枝梗结实率FRSB/%	74.30 a	79.48 a	74.47 a	74.98 a
着粒密度Grain density/(粒∙dm^-1)	68.47 a	70.16 a	66.58 a	69.90 a
株高Plant height /cm	121.32 ab	125.99 a	118.86 ab	117.50 b
颈穗弯曲度Panicle curvature/°	41.92 a	45.14 a	46.82 a	44.01 a
剑叶基角Flag leaf angle/°	17.86 a	14.45 b	11.96 b	13.98 b
倒2叶基角TLA2/°	13.42 a	12.17 a	10.09 b	11.54 ab
倒3叶基角TLA3/°	18.09 a	16.00 ab	14.55 b	15.03 b
剑叶长FLL/cm	30.62 a	30.64 a	29.31 a	29.28 a
剑叶宽FLW/cm	1.21 b	1.38 a	1.32 a	1.36 a
倒2叶长TSLL2/cm	38.40 a	39.04 a	38.01 a	37.40 a
倒2叶宽TSLW2/cm	1.10 b	1.18 ab	1.16 ab	1.19 a
倒3叶长TSLL3/cm	40.30 a	42.70 a	40.27 a	39.84 a
倒3叶宽TSLW3/cm	1.01 a	1.09 a	1.06 a	1.10 a

类型 Type	高产稳产高食味值HSYHTV	高产稳产低食味值HSYLTV	高产不稳产高食味值HUYHTV	高产不稳产低食味值HUYLTV	低产稳产高食味值LSYHTV	低产稳产低食味值LSYLTV	低产不稳产高食味值LUYHTV	低产不稳产低食味值LUYLTV
穗长Panicle length/cm	22.22 a	21.20 abc	21.99 ab	20.70 abc	21.83 ab	19.30 c	21.30 abc	19.63 bc
一次枝梗数NPRB	11.73 ab	12.34 a	11.85 ab	12.08 ab	11.56 ab	11.14 b	11.56 ab	11.34 ab
二次枝梗数NSRB	22.93 b	27.37 ab	25.32 ab	27.79 a	25.50 ab	24.18 ab	25.91 ab	25.44 ab
一次枝梗结实率SSRPRB/%	95.80 a	94.03 a	95.46 a	94.61 a	93.19 a	93.62 a	95.60 a	92.59 a
二次枝梗结实率SSRSRB/%	77.41 a	72.97 a	82.44 a	77.56 a	74.92 a	73.74 a	80.14 a	72.46 a
着粒密度Grain density/(粒·dm^-1)	58.45 b	72.77 a	64.03 ab	74.14 a	64.20 ab	70.39 ab	65.70 ab	71.96 a
株高Plant height /cm	129.53 a	117.80 ab	127.47 ab	125.03 ab	120.76 ab	115.82 b	122.23 ab	115.18 b
颈穗弯曲度Panicle curvature/°	54.63 a	36.47 b	49.49 ab	42.32 ab	47.25 ab	46.12 ab	46.28 ab	42.90 ab
剑叶基角Flag leaf angle/°	19.70 a	17.07 ab	15.48 b	13.78 bc	11.04 c	13.42 bc	14.27 bc	13.84 bc
倒2叶基角TSLA/°	13.10 a	13.56 a	11.94 ab	12.32 ab	9.42 b	11.17 ab	12.00 ab	11.31 ab
倒3叶基角TTLA/°	16.90 ab	18.60 a	16.16 ab	15.91 ab	15.29 ab	13.38 b	15.63 ab	14.73 ab
剑叶长FLL/cm	35.12 a	28.68 bc	32.60 ab	29.37 bc	31.38 abc	25.99 c	32.25 ab	27.82 bc
剑叶宽FLW/cm	1.10 c	1.25 b	1.32 ab	1.41 a	1.32 ab	1.32 ab	1.32 ab	1.39 ab
倒2叶长TSLL2/cm	43.65 a	36.16 ab	40.80 bc	37.90 bc	39.95 abc	34.92 c	40.39 abc	35.93 bc
倒2叶宽TSLW2/cm	0.99 b	1.15 a	1.13 a	1.21 a	1.14 a	1.19 a	1.13 a	1.22 a
倒3叶长TSLL3/cm	44.99 a	38.30 b	43.40 ab	42.24 ab	41.22 ab	38.75 b	41.88 ab	38.84 b
倒3叶宽TSLW3/cm	0.93 b	1.05 ab	1.04 ab	1.12 a	1.05 ab	1.09 a	1.07 ab	1.12 a

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