中国水稻科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 350-363.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.240205

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐、干旱及其复合胁迫对水稻产量和品质形成影响的研究进展

韦还和1, 马唯一1, 左博源1, 汪璐璐1,2, 朱旺1,2, 耿孝宇1, 张翔1, 孟天瑶2, 陈英龙1, 高平磊1, 许轲1, 霍中洋1, 戴其根1,2,*()   

  1. 1江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学 水稻产业工程技术研究院/农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(滨海盐碱地)重点实验室 / 国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心华东中心,江苏 扬州225009
    2扬州大学 教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室/扬州大学 农业科技发展研究院,江苏 扬州225009
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-16 修回日期:2024-05-22 出版日期:2024-07-10 发布日期:2024-07-11
  • 通讯作者: *email: qgdai@yzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFE0113400);国家自然科学基金资助项目(32001466);江苏省重点研发计划资助项目(BE2023355);江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究重大项目(23KJA210004);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022304);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022305);扬州大学‘青蓝工程’项目;江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)

Research Progress in the Effect of Salinity, Drought, and Their Combined Stresses on Rice Yield and Quality Formation

WEI Huanhe1, MA Weiyi1, ZUO Boyuan1, WANG Lulu1,2, ZHU Wang1,2, GENG Xiaoyu1, ZHANG Xiang1, MENG Tianyao2, CHEN Yinglong1, GAO Pinglei1, XU Ke1, HUO Zhongyang1, DAI Qigen1,2,*()   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University / Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. of China / East China Branch of National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Yangzhou 225009, China
    2Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agro-product Safety, Ministry of Education / Institute of Agricultural Science and Technological Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
  • Received:2024-02-16 Revised:2024-05-22 Online:2024-07-10 Published:2024-07-11
  • Contact: *email: qgdai@yzu.edu.cn

摘要:

滨海盐碱地水稻生产受限于淡水资源和水利基础设施,盐害和干旱往往交织出现,极易遭受盐−旱复合胁迫,严重制约了滨海盐碱地水稻丰产优质目标的实现。全面剖析盐、干旱胁迫及其复合胁迫对水稻产量和品质形成的影响及其生理机制,可为滨海盐碱地水稻高产与品质调优栽培提供科学支撑。本文概述了盐、干旱及其复合胁迫对水稻生长发育、产量形成和稻米品质的影响,从渗透调节、离子平衡、光合作用、抗氧化酶系统、内源激素、蔗糖-淀粉代谢关键酶活性和分子机制等方面阐述其影响水稻产量和品质形成的作用机制,从耐盐耐旱品种选育及栽培调控等方面提出了减轻水稻盐/干旱胁迫的调控措施,为今后深入开展水稻耐盐和干旱的研究提出建议。

关键词: 水稻, 产量, 品质, 盐, 干旱, 盐-旱复合胁迫

Abstract:

The production of rice in coastal saline-alkali lands is constrained by limited freshwater resources and water infrastructure. The presence of salinity damage and drought, often occurring together, renders rice production in these areas highly susceptible to combined salinity-drought stress, significantly impeding the attainment of high yield and quality in rice in coastal saline-alkali lands. A comprehensive analysis of the impacts of salinity damage, drought, and their combined stresses on rice yield and quality formation, along with their physiological mechanisms, can offer scientific backing for optimizing high-yield and quality rice cultivation in coastal saline-alkali lands. This article presents an overview of the effects of salinity damage, drought, and their combined stresses on the growth, development, yield formation, and grain quality of rice. The mechanisms underlying their influence on rice yield and quality formation are elucidated, focusing on osmotic regulation, ion balance, photosynthetic functions, antioxidant enzyme systems, endogenous hormones, key enzyme activities related to sucrose-starch metabolism, and molecular mechanisms. Recommendations are provided for the selection of salinity- and drought-tolerant varieties, as well as cultivation practices to mitigate salinity and drought stress in rice. Lastly, suggestions are proposed for further research on salinity and drought stress in rice.

Key words: rice, grain yield, grain quality, salinity, drought, combined salinity-drought stress