冬水田轻简化栽培杂交稻蓄留再生稻产量形成特点

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231205

中国水稻科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 544-554.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231205

冬水田轻简化栽培杂交稻蓄留再生稻产量形成特点

蒋鹏¹^,², 张林¹, 周兴兵¹, 郭晓艺¹, 朱永川¹, 刘茂¹, 郭长春¹, 熊洪¹, 徐富贤¹^,²^,^*()

¹四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所/农业部西南水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 四川德阳 618000
²四川省作物生理生态及栽培重点实验室, 四川德阳 618000

收稿日期:2023-12-07 修回日期:2024-02-26 出版日期:2024-09-10 发布日期:2024-09-10
通讯作者: *email: xu6501@163.com
基金资助:
四川省“十四五”生物育种重大科技专项(2022ZDZX0012-02);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-25);四川省农业科学院原始创新项目(YSCX2035-010);四川省天府万人计划科技菁英项目

Yield Formation Characteristics of Ratooning Hybrid Rice Under Simplified Cultivation Practices in Winter Paddy Fields

JIANG Peng¹^,², ZHANG Lin¹, ZHOU Xingbing¹, GUO Xiaoyi¹, ZHU Yongchuan¹, LIU Mao¹, GUO Chanchun¹, XIONG Hong¹, XU Fuxian¹^,²^,^*()

¹Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Deyang 618000, China
²Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Deyang 618000, China

Received:2023-12-07 Revised:2024-02-26 Online:2024-09-10 Published:2024-09-10
Contact: *email: xu6501@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】轻简化栽培水稻因具有良好的社会、经济和环境效益而受到了广泛的关注。探明再生稻系统下轻简化栽培对杂交稻头季、再生季产量形成特点的影响，可为再生稻轻简化栽培提供理论依据。【方法】于2021－2022年在四川省典型再生稻区泸州进行大田试验，以7个杂交稻(益两优94、德优6699、泰优1060、蓉7优680、乐3优2275、德优727、锦丰优727)和1个常规稻(金农丝苗)为材料，研究两种栽培方式(免耕直播、免耕抛秧)对杂交稻头季、再生季产量形成特点的影响。【结果】栽培方式和品种基因型对杂交稻头季、再生季及两季总产量影响显著。与免耕抛秧相比，免耕直播头季、再生季及两季总产量分别增加了3.52%~7.37%、18.94%~47.37%、7.04%~14.93%，免耕直播杂交稻蓄留再生稻的增产优势主要表现在有效穗数、结实率、干物质积累量和收获指数上。不同基因型杂交稻头季产量以泰优1060、锦丰优727较高，再生季产量及两季总产量则以泰优1060最高。从2年平均值来看，高产杂交稻(德优6699、泰优1060、德优727、锦丰优727)头季、再生季以及两季总产量分别为8.80、2.53、11.33 t/hm²，较中低产杂交稻(益两优94、蓉7蓉680、乐3优2275)分别增加了13.54%、6.03%、11.76%；比高产常规稻(金农丝苗)分别增加了9.97%、21.87%、12.41%。与高产常规稻相比，中低产杂交稻头季产量平均降低了3.15%，但其再生季及两季总产量则分别平均增加了14.94%、0.58%。从产量构成来看，高产杂交稻头季、再生季的有效穗数、千粒重均高于高产常规稻。从干物质生产来看，与高产常规稻相比，高产杂交稻头季和再生季成熟期的干物质量、收获指数分别平均增加3.82%和11.16%、5.45%和5.70%。中低产杂交稻头季成熟期干物质积累量低于高产常规稻是其减产的主要原因。【结论】再生稻系统下免耕直播相对于免耕抛栽有明显的增产优势，是其源库协调的一种良好响应。综合考虑再生季产量与两季总产量，四川省冬水田区再生稻轻简化高产栽培适宜选用分蘖能力强、千粒重大的杂交稻品种。

关键词: 再生稻, 杂交稻, 常规稻, 免耕直播, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】Simplified cultivation practices in rice production have attracted significant attention due to their social, economic, and environmental benefits. This study aimed to investigate the impact of simplified cultivation practices on yield formation characteristics of hybrid rice in both the main crop season and ratoon season within a rice-ratoon rice system. The goal was to lay a theoretical foundation for simplified rice cultivation in such a system.【Method】Field experiments were conducted in Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, in 2021 and 2022, involving eight rice varieties, including seven hybrid rice varieties (Yiliangyou 94, Deyou 6699, Taiyou 1060, Rong 7 you 680, Le 3 you 2275, Deyou 727, Jinfengyou 727) and one high-yield inbred rice variety, Jinnongsimiao (JNSM). Each year, the eight rice varieties were cultivated using two methods: NTDS (no-tillage direct seeding) and NTST (no-tillage and seedling throwing). Various parameters such as grain yield, yield components, biomass production, and harvest index were measured for each rice variety in both years.【Result】The results indicated that the main season yield, ratoon season yield, and annual grain yields were significantly influenced by the cultivation method and rice variety. Main season yield, ratoon season yield, and annual grain yields under NTDS were 3.52%－7.37%, 18.94%－47.37%, and 7.04%－14.93% higher than those under NTST, respectively. The higher yields under NTDS were attributed to factors such as increased panicle number, grain filling, biomass production, and harvest index. Among the eight rice varieties, Taiyou 1060 and Jinfengyou 727 exhibited high grain yields in the main season, with Taiyou1060 achieving the highest ratoon season yield and annual grain yields. On average over the two years, high-yielding hybrid rice varieties (Taiyou 1060, Deyou 6699, Deyou 727, Jinfengyou 727) reached main season yields of 8.80 t/hm², ratoon season yields of 2.53 t/hm², and annual grain yields of 11.33 t/hm², representing increases of 13.54%, 6.03%, and 11.76% compared to medium and low-yielding hybrid rice varieties (Yiliangyou 94, Rong 7 you 680, Le 3 you 227). High-yielding hybrid rice also outperformed the high-yield inbred rice (Jinnongsimiao) by 9.97%, 21.87%, and 12.41% in main season yield, ratoon season yield, and annual grain yield, respectively. Medium and low-yielding hybrid rice varieties had slightly lower main season yields but higher ratoon season yields and annual grain yields compared to high-yield inbred rice.In terms of yield components, high-yielding hybrid rice varieties exhibited higher panicle numbers and grain weights in both main and ratoon seasons compared to high-yield inbred rice. Regarding dry matter production, high-yielding hybrid rice showed higher dry matter production and harvest index at maturity compared to high-yield inbred rice, with differences of 3.82% and 5.45% for the main season and 11.16% and 5.70% for the ratoon season, respectively. The lower biomass production at maturity in medium and low-yielding hybrid rice varieties contributed to their lower main season yields compared to high-yielding inbred rice.【Conclusion】The study highlighted the superiority of rice yields under NTDS compared to NTST in a rice-ratoon rice system, which can be attributed to the effective coordination of source and sink size in NTDS. To achieve high rice yields in simplified cultivation techniques for rice-ratoon rice systems in winter paddy fields in Sichuan Province, breeding rice varieties with strong tillering ability and high grain weight through breeding programs may be a viable approach.

Key words: ratoon rice, hybrid rice, inbred rice, no-tillage direct seeding, grain yield

蒋鹏, 张林, 周兴兵, 郭晓艺, 朱永川, 刘茂, 郭长春, 熊洪, 徐富贤. 冬水田轻简化栽培杂交稻蓄留再生稻产量形成特点[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(5): 544-554.

JIANG Peng, ZHANG Lin, ZHOU Xingbing, GUO Xiaoyi, ZHU Yongchuan, LIU Mao, GUO Chanchun, XIONG Hong, XU Fuxian. Yield Formation Characteristics of Ratooning Hybrid Rice Under Simplified Cultivation Practices in Winter Paddy Fields[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2024, 38(5): 544-554.

图/表 5

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年份 Year	品种/处理 Cultivar/Treatment	头季稻 Main crop yield (t/hm²)	再生稻 Ratoon rice yield (t/hm²)	两季总产 Total rice yield (t/hm²)
2021	泰优1060 Taiyou 1060	9.34 a	3.07 a	12.41 a
	锦丰优727 Jinfengyou 727	9.38 a	2.27 c	11.65 ab
	德优727 Deyou 727	9.30 a	2.33 bc	11.63 ab
	德优6699 Deyou 6699	8.95 ab	2.41 abc	11.36 ab
	益两优94 Yiliangyou 94	8.02 c	2.99 ab	11.01 b
	蓉7优680 Rong 7 you 680	8.67 b	2.05 c	10.72 b
	乐3优2275 Le 3 you 2275	8.07 c	1.31 d	9.38 c
	金农丝苗 Jinnongsimiao	8.68 b	2.39 abc	11.07 b
	免耕抛秧 NTST	8.48 b	1.90 b	10.38 b
	免耕直播 NTDS	9.13 a	2.80 a	11.93 a
2022	泰优1060 Taiyou 1060	8.58 a	3.28 a	11.86 a
	锦丰优727 Jinfengyou 727	8.23 a	2.01 ef	10.24 bc
	德优727 Deyou 727	8.34 a	2.35 de	10.68 b
	德优6699 Deyou 6699	8.26 a	2.51 bcd	10.77 b
	益两优94 Yiliangyou 94	7.50 b	2.82 b	10.32 bc
	蓉7优680 Rong 7 you 680	7.11 b	2.75 bc	9.86 cd
	乐3优2275 Le 3 you 2275	7.12 b	2.39 cd	9.51 de
	金农丝苗 Jinnongsimiao	7.32 b	1.76 f	9.08 e
	免耕抛秧 NTST	7.67 a	2.27 b	9.94 a
	免耕直播 NTDS	7.94 a	2.70 a	10.64 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年份 Year(Y)		**	ns	**
品种 Variety(V)		**	**	**
栽培方式 Cultivation method(C)		**	**	**
Y×V		ns	**	ns
Y×C		*	**	**
V×C		ns	ns	ns
Y×V×C		ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	品种/处理 Cultivar/Treatment	头季稻 Main crop yield (t/hm²)	再生稻 Ratoon rice yield (t/hm²)	两季总产 Total rice yield (t/hm²)
2021	泰优1060 Taiyou 1060	9.34 a	3.07 a	12.41 a
	锦丰优727 Jinfengyou 727	9.38 a	2.27 c	11.65 ab
	德优727 Deyou 727	9.30 a	2.33 bc	11.63 ab
	德优6699 Deyou 6699	8.95 ab	2.41 abc	11.36 ab
	益两优94 Yiliangyou 94	8.02 c	2.99 ab	11.01 b
	蓉7优680 Rong 7 you 680	8.67 b	2.05 c	10.72 b
	乐3优2275 Le 3 you 2275	8.07 c	1.31 d	9.38 c
	金农丝苗 Jinnongsimiao	8.68 b	2.39 abc	11.07 b
	免耕抛秧 NTST	8.48 b	1.90 b	10.38 b
	免耕直播 NTDS	9.13 a	2.80 a	11.93 a
2022	泰优1060 Taiyou 1060	8.58 a	3.28 a	11.86 a
	锦丰优727 Jinfengyou 727	8.23 a	2.01 ef	10.24 bc
	德优727 Deyou 727	8.34 a	2.35 de	10.68 b
	德优6699 Deyou 6699	8.26 a	2.51 bcd	10.77 b
	益两优94 Yiliangyou 94	7.50 b	2.82 b	10.32 bc
	蓉7优680 Rong 7 you 680	7.11 b	2.75 bc	9.86 cd
	乐3优2275 Le 3 you 2275	7.12 b	2.39 cd	9.51 de
	金农丝苗 Jinnongsimiao	7.32 b	1.76 f	9.08 e
	免耕抛秧 NTST	7.67 a	2.27 b	9.94 a
	免耕直播 NTDS	7.94 a	2.70 a	10.64 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年份 Year(Y)		**	ns	**
品种 Variety(V)		**	**	**
栽培方式 Cultivation method(C)		**	**	**
Y×V		ns	**	ns
Y×C		*	**	**
V×C		ns	ns	ns
Y×V×C		ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	品种/处理 Cultivar/ Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle number per m²	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	总颖花数 Spikelet number (×10³/m²)	结实率 Seed setting rate(%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)
2021	泰优1060 Taiyou 1060	247.22 d	162.76 b	40.12 c	93.53 a	24.36 e
	锦丰优727 Jinfengyou 727	247.92 d	156.70 b	38.76 c	88.58 b	26.76 b
	德优727 Deyou 727	282.64 c	124.96 c	35.13 d	93.07 a	28.23 a
	德优6699 Deyou 6699	288.19 c	153.88 b	43.93 b	81.67 de	25.23 d
	益两优94 Yiliangyou 94	351.39 a	114.63 cd	40.08 c	78.93 e	26.15 c
	蓉7优680 Rong 7 you 680	365.28 a	111.57 d	39.90 c	87.30 bc	24.68 e
	乐3优2275 Le 3 you 2275	318.06 b	120.99 cd	38.15 c	84.66 cd	26.08 c
	金农丝苗 Jinnongsimiao	264.58 cd	187.53 a	49.54 a	87.89 b	19.75 f
	免耕抛秧 NTST	276.22 b	146.17 a	39.62 a	85.53 b	24.96 a
	免耕直播 NTDS	315.10 a	137.08 a	41.79 a	88.38 a	25.35 a
2022	泰优1060 Taiyou 1060	349.31 ab	138.09 bc	47.91 b	84.99 abc	26.25 d
	锦丰优727 Jinfengyou 727	348.61 ab	127.91 cd	44.31 c	82.73 bc	28.74 b
	德优727 Deyou 727	366.67 a	104.71 f	38.32 f	89.28 a	30.63 a
	德优6699 Deyou 6699	322.92 b	142.98 b	45.48 bc	84.35 bc	27.36 c
	益两优94 Yiliangyou 94	362.50 a	119.27 de	43.06 cd	85.42 ab	27.69 c
	蓉7优680 Rong 7 you 680	350.69 ab	115.06 ef	40.15 ef	85.80 ab	26.20 d
	乐3优2275 Le 3 you 2275	340.97 ab	121.36 de	41.08 de	80.60 c	26.52 d
	金农丝苗 Jinnongsimiao	334.72 ab	165.43 a	54.62 a	82.64 bc	20.70 e
	免耕抛秧 NTST	335.94 b	130.48 a	43.15 a	85.73 a	26.79 a
	免耕直播 NTDS	358.16 a	128.22 a	45.59 a	83.22 a	26.73 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年份 Year (Y)		**	**	**	**	**
品种 Variety (V)		**	**	**	**	**
栽培方式 Cultivation method(C)		**	**	**	ns	ns
Y×V		**	**	**	**	**
Y×C		ns	ns	ns	**	*
V×C		*	**	ns	ns	ns
Y×V×C		**	**	ns	ns	**

年份 Year	品种/处理 Cultivar/ Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle number per m²	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	总颖花数 Spikelet number (×10³/m²)	结实率 Seed setting rate(%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)
2021	泰优1060 Taiyou 1060	247.22 d	162.76 b	40.12 c	93.53 a	24.36 e
	锦丰优727 Jinfengyou 727	247.92 d	156.70 b	38.76 c	88.58 b	26.76 b
	德优727 Deyou 727	282.64 c	124.96 c	35.13 d	93.07 a	28.23 a
	德优6699 Deyou 6699	288.19 c	153.88 b	43.93 b	81.67 de	25.23 d
	益两优94 Yiliangyou 94	351.39 a	114.63 cd	40.08 c	78.93 e	26.15 c
	蓉7优680 Rong 7 you 680	365.28 a	111.57 d	39.90 c	87.30 bc	24.68 e
	乐3优2275 Le 3 you 2275	318.06 b	120.99 cd	38.15 c	84.66 cd	26.08 c
	金农丝苗 Jinnongsimiao	264.58 cd	187.53 a	49.54 a	87.89 b	19.75 f
	免耕抛秧 NTST	276.22 b	146.17 a	39.62 a	85.53 b	24.96 a
	免耕直播 NTDS	315.10 a	137.08 a	41.79 a	88.38 a	25.35 a
2022	泰优1060 Taiyou 1060	349.31 ab	138.09 bc	47.91 b	84.99 abc	26.25 d
	锦丰优727 Jinfengyou 727	348.61 ab	127.91 cd	44.31 c	82.73 bc	28.74 b
	德优727 Deyou 727	366.67 a	104.71 f	38.32 f	89.28 a	30.63 a
	德优6699 Deyou 6699	322.92 b	142.98 b	45.48 bc	84.35 bc	27.36 c
	益两优94 Yiliangyou 94	362.50 a	119.27 de	43.06 cd	85.42 ab	27.69 c
	蓉7优680 Rong 7 you 680	350.69 ab	115.06 ef	40.15 ef	85.80 ab	26.20 d
	乐3优2275 Le 3 you 2275	340.97 ab	121.36 de	41.08 de	80.60 c	26.52 d
	金农丝苗 Jinnongsimiao	334.72 ab	165.43 a	54.62 a	82.64 bc	20.70 e
	免耕抛秧 NTST	335.94 b	130.48 a	43.15 a	85.73 a	26.79 a
	免耕直播 NTDS	358.16 a	128.22 a	45.59 a	83.22 a	26.73 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年份 Year (Y)		**	**	**	**	**
品种 Variety (V)		**	**	**	**	**
栽培方式 Cultivation method(C)		**	**	**	ns	ns
Y×V		**	**	**	**	**
Y×C		ns	ns	ns	**	*
V×C		*	**	ns	ns	ns
Y×V×C		**	**	ns	ns	**

年份 Year	品种/处理 Cultivar/ Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle number per m²	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	总颖花数 Spikelet number (×10³/m²)	结实率 Seed setting rate(%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)
2021	泰优1060 Taiyou 1060	348.62 a	69.12 a	23.97 a	76.58 c	24.63 d
	锦丰优727 Jinfengyou 727	268.77 c	58.43 abc	15.18 e	81.75 abc	27.65 a
	德优727 Deyou 727	275.00 c	63.90 ab	17.23 d	87.93 a	26.55 b
	德优6699 Deyou 6699	309.02 abc	63.93 ab	19.50 c	79.33 bc	24.20 d
	益两优94 Yiliangyou 94	309.03 abc	66.08 ab	20.28 c	88.12 a	25.47 c
	蓉7优680 Rong 7 you 680	315.27 abc	55.75 bc	17.27 d	79.12 bc	22.40 e
	乐3优2275 Le 3 you 2275	290.97 bc	50.32 c	14.33 e	65.05 d	22.97 e
	金农丝苗 Jinnongsimiao	336.80 ab	66.83 ab	22.40 b	85.80 ab	19.10 f
	免耕抛秧 NTST	292.35 a	60.22 a	17.38 b	77.6 a	24.16 a
	免耕直播 NTDS	321.01 a	63.38 a	20.16 a	83.32 a	24.08 a
2022	泰优1060 Taiyou 1060	384.03 de	70.57 a	26.95 a	72.00 a	22.33 d
	锦丰优727 Jinfengyou 727	382.62 de	53.23 bc	20.30 b	58.37 b	25.42 a
	德优727 Deyou 727	451.38 bc	48.40 c	21.82 b	56.57 b	25.70 a
	德优6699 Deyou 6699	429.87 cd	56.43 b	24.20 ab	59.22 b	23.47 c
	益两优94 Yiliangyou 94	504.17 b	55.15 bc	27.88 a	57.85 b	24.47 b
	蓉7优680 Rong 7 you 680	407.63 cde	66.70 a	27.13 a	62.25 b	22.25 d
	乐3优2275 Le 3 you 2275	581.95 a	50.18 bc	28.75 a	48.38 c	22.8 cd
	金农丝苗 Jinnongsimiao	349.98 e	70.43 a	24.53 ab	62.58 b	17.18 e
	免耕抛秧 NTST	420.66 a	58.51 a	24.03 a	60.42 a	23.09 a
	免耕直播 NTDS	452.25 a	59.26 a	26.36 a	58.89 a	22.81 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年份 Year (Y)		**	ns	**	**	**
品种 Variety (V)		**	**	**	**	**
栽培方式 Cultivation method(C)		**	ns	**	ns	ns
Y×V		**	**	**	**	**
Y×C		ns	ns	ns	**	ns
V×C		**	ns	ns	ns	ns
Y×V×C		**	ns	ns	ns	ns

冬水田轻简化栽培杂交稻蓄留再生稻产量形成特点

Yield Formation Characteristics of Ratooning Hybrid Rice Under Simplified Cultivation Practices in Winter Paddy Fields

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Metrics

年份 Year	品种/处理 Cultivar/ Treatment	干物质量 Dry matter weight(g/m²)				收获指数 Harvest index(%)
年份 Year	品种/处理 Cultivar/ Treatment	齐穗期 Before heading	齐穗后 After heading	成熟期 Maturity	转运量 Tr	收获指数 Harvest index(%)
2021	泰优1060 Taiyou 1060	1053.83 d	618.58 ab	1672.41 abcd	296.12 bc	54.72 a
	锦丰优727 Jinfengyou 727	1033.77 d	675.74 a	1709.51 abc	243.09 cd	53.80 ab
	德优727 Deyou 727	1205.92 a	512.40 cd	1718.32 ab	411.14 a	53.67 abc
	德优6699 Deyou 6699	1242.57 a	485.19 d	1727.76 a	419.89 a	52.34 cd
	益两优94 Yiliangyou 94	1043.31 d	619.03 ab	1662.34 bcd	205.57 d	49.58 f
	蓉7优680 Rong 7 you 680	1118.58 bc	546.98 cd	1665.56 bcd	312.70 b	51.60 de
	乐3优2275 Le 3 you 2275	1126.65 b	525.12 cd	1651.77 cd	315.02 b	50.84 ef
	金农丝苗 Jinnongsimiao	1068.50 cd	565.78 bc	1634.28 d	293.90 bc	52.68 bcd
	免耕抛秧 NTST	1096.38 a	509.89 b	1606.27 b	324.32 a	51.96 a
	免耕直播 NTDS	1126.90 a	627.32 a	1754.22 a	300.04 a	52.85 a
2022	泰优1060 Taiyou 1060	1179.17 a	754.38 ab	1933.54 ab	311.53 bc	55.16 b
	锦丰优727 Jinfengyou 727	1204.10 a	778.04 a	1982.14 a	274.74 c	53.14 c
	德优727 Deyou 727	1227.90 a	666.45 bc	1894.35 bc	380.01 ab	55.23 b
	德优6699 Deyou 6699	1162.47 a	728.56 ab	1891.03 bc	318.59 bc	55.40 b
	益两优94 Yiliangyou 94	1203.59 a	610.80 cd	1814.39 de	407.47 a	56.12 ab
	蓉7优680 Rong 7 you 680	1158.75 a	607.97 cd	1766.72 e	289.11 c	50.77 d
	乐3优2275 Le 3 you 2275	996.40 b	544.70 d	1541.10 f	331.90 abc	56.90 a
	金农丝苗 Jinnongsimiao	1184.54 a	679.83 abc	1864.38 cd	253.43 c	50.08 d
	免耕抛秧 NTST	1144.35 a	662.35 a	1806.70 a	317.46 a	54.30 a
	免耕直播 NTDS	1184.88 a	680.33 a	1865.21 a	324.23 a	53.90 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
年份 Year (Y)		**	**	**	ns	**
品种 Variety (V)		**	**	**	**	**
栽培方式 Cultivation method(C)		**	**	**	ns	ns
Y×V		**	**	**	**	**
Y×C		ns	**	**	ns	**
V×C		*	ns	**	ns	**
Y×V×C		**	ns	*	*	**

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