5460个三系杂交稻品种的不育系细胞质来源分析

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231214

中国水稻科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 653-664.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231214

5460个三系杂交稻品种的不育系细胞质来源分析

李伟¹^,³^,^#, 徐霞¹^,^#, 边莹¹^,^#, 张晓波¹, 范炯炯¹, 程本义¹, 杨仕华¹, 吴建利¹, 魏鑫³, 曾波²^,^*(), 龚俊义¹^,^*()

¹中国水稻研究所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室, 杭州 311401
²全国农业技术推广服务中心, 北京 100125
³上海师范大学生命科学学院, 上海 200234

收稿日期:2023-12-25 修回日期:2024-01-10 出版日期:2024-11-10 发布日期:2024-11-15
通讯作者: 曾波,龚俊义
作者简介:第一联系人：^#共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32072049);水稻生物育种全国重点实验室(2023ZZKT20102)

Cytoplasmic Source Analysis of Sterile Lines from 5460 Three-line Hybrid Rice Varieties

LI Wei¹^,³^,^#, XU Xia¹^,^#, BIAN Ying¹^,^#, ZHANG Xiaobo¹, FAN Jiongjiong¹, CHENG Benyi¹, YANG Shihua¹, WU Jianli¹, WEI Xin³, ZENG Bo²^,^*(), GONG Junyi¹^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China
²National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, China
³College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China

Received:2023-12-25 Revised:2024-01-10 Online:2024-11-10 Published:2024-11-15
Contact: ZENG Bo, GONG Junyi
About author:First author contact:^#These authors contributed equally to this work

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】三系杂交稻育种的50年，也是三系不育系不断创新的50年。厘清三系杂交稻不育系的胞质类型及其主要衍化途径，对于快速确立恢保关系，准确溯源水稻不育系系谱，促进水稻杂种优势的有效利用具有重要作用。【方法】数据来自1974－2023年通过国家和省级审定的三系杂交水稻及其系谱资料。对50年来通过国家或省级审定的三系杂交稻不育胞质进行了系谱梳理，并对主要不育细胞质类型在杂交稻育种中的利用进行了分析。【结果】过去50年来，各级审定的三系杂交稻品种中，不育系胞质信息比较清楚的不育系有966个。根据各自的不育细胞质类型划分成16个类型，分别是野败型、印水型、包台型、D型、K型、冈型、矮败型、红莲型、爪哇稻型、万恢型、东乡野生稻型、广州野生稻型、高州野生稻型、漳浦野生稻型、马协型和Y型。分析结果显示野败型、印水型和包台型不育系数量分列前三位(累计不育系个数占比78.38%，累计选育三系杂交稻品种数占比77.77%)，马协型、东乡野生稻型、Y型和高州野生稻型不育系数量分列最后四位(累计不育系个数占比1.55%，累计选育三系杂交稻品种数占比1.15%)。【结论】随着三系杂交稻育种的发展，不育系胞质源的种类和育种利用程度均得到了显著提升，不仅解决了单一不育胞质可能造成的潜在风险，而且丰富了我国三系杂交稻育种中不育细胞质来源的多样性。

关键词: 三系杂交稻, 品种资源, 不育系胞质, 系谱, 育种利用

Abstract:

【Objective】The 50 years of three-line hybrid rice breeding also represents 50 years of continuous innovation in the development of three-line cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines. It is important to clarify the cytoplasmic types of three-line hybrid rice sterile lines and their derivative pathways. This understanding will enable the quick establishment of restoration relationships and the accurate tracing of the genealogy of rice sterile lines, ultimately promoting the effective utilization of rice heterosis.【Method】Based on the genealogy of three-line hybrid rice varieties that were nationally and provincially approved from 1974 to 2023 in China, we summarized the genealogy of each sterile cytoplasm and analyzed the utilization in breeding.【Result】Over the past 50 years, there have been 966 male sterile lines with clear cytoplasmic classification among the three-line hybrid rice varieties. These lines were classified into 16 categories based on their respective sterile cytoplasm: wild abortive (WA) type, Indonesian Shuitiangu (ID) type, Boro II (BT) type, Dissi (D) type, K type, Gambiaca (GA) type, dwarf abortive (DA) type, Honglian (HL) type, Javanese rice (LX) type, Wanhui (NX) type, Dongxiang wild rice (D1) type, Guangzhou wild rice (GW) type, Gaozhou wild rice (GZ) type, Zhangpu wild rice (FA) type, Maxie (MX) type, and Y type. The analysis revealed that the WA, ID, and BT types had the highest number of CMS lines, accounting for 78.38% of the total CMS lines and 77.77% of the total three-line hybrid rice varieties. In contrast, the MX, D1, Y, and GZ types had the lowest number of CMS lines, representing only 1.55% of the total CMS lines and 1.15% of the total three-line hybrid rice varieties.【Conclusion】With the continuous creation of parental materials for three-line hybrid rice, the diversity of cytoplasmic sources in sterile lines and the efficiency of breeding utilization have significantly improved. This progress has not only mitigated the potential risks associated with a single CMS cytoplasm but has also enriched the utilization pathways of heterosis in three-line hybrid rice breeding in China.

Key words: three-line hybrid rice, varietal resources, cytoplasm of sterile lines, genealogy, breeding utilization

李伟, 徐霞, 边莹, 张晓波, 范炯炯, 程本义, 杨仕华, 吴建利, 魏鑫, 曾波, 龚俊义. 5460个三系杂交稻品种的不育系细胞质来源分析[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(6): 653-664.

LI Wei, XU Xia, BIAN Ying, ZHANG Xiaobo, FAN Jiongjiong, CHENG Benyi, YANG Shihua, WU Jianli, WEI Xin, ZENG Bo, GONG Junyi. Cytoplasmic Source Analysis of Sterile Lines from 5460 Three-line Hybrid Rice Varieties[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2024, 38(6): 653-664.

图/表 22

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不育系类型 Type of sterile line	不育系个数 Number of sterile lines	不育系占比 Proportion of sterile lines (%)	杂交稻品种数 Number of hybrid rice varieties	品种数占比(%) Proportion of varieties(%)
野败型WA-type	468	48.45	2762	50.59
印水型ID-type	118	12.22	1087	19.91
包台型BT-type	171	17.70	397	7.27
D型D-type	44	4.55	342	6.26
K型K-type	42	4.35	284	5.20
冈型GA-type	27	2.80	134	2.45
矮败型DA-type	16	1.66	121	2.22
红莲型HL-type	15	1.55	42	0.77
爪哇稻型LX-type	29	3.00	97	1.78
万恢型 NX-type	10	1.04	105	1.92
广州野生稻型GZ-type	5	0.52	21	0.38
漳浦野生稻型 FA-type	6	0.62	5	0.09
马协型 MX-type	5	0.52	7	0.13
东乡野生稻型 D1-type	4	0.41	5	0.09
Y型 Y-type	3	0.31	33	0.60
高州野生稻型GW-type	3	0.31	18	0.33

不育系类型 Type of sterile line	不育系个数 Number of sterile lines	不育系占比 Proportion of sterile lines (%)	杂交稻品种数 Number of hybrid rice varieties	品种数占比(%) Proportion of varieties(%)
野败型WA-type	468	48.45	2762	50.59
印水型ID-type	118	12.22	1087	19.91
包台型BT-type	171	17.70	397	7.27
D型D-type	44	4.55	342	6.26
K型K-type	42	4.35	284	5.20
冈型GA-type	27	2.80	134	2.45
矮败型DA-type	16	1.66	121	2.22
红莲型HL-type	15	1.55	42	0.77
爪哇稻型LX-type	29	3.00	97	1.78
万恢型 NX-type	10	1.04	105	1.92
广州野生稻型GZ-type	5	0.52	21	0.38
漳浦野生稻型 FA-type	6	0.62	5	0.09
马协型 MX-type	5	0.52	7	0.13
东乡野生稻型 D1-type	4	0.41	5	0.09
Y型 Y-type	3	0.31	33	0.60
高州野生稻型GW-type	3	0.31	18	0.33

不育系 Sterile line	育成品种数 Number of varieties	品种占比¹⁾ Proportion (%)¹⁾
金23A Jin 23A	162	5.87
龙特甫A Longtefu A	118	4.27
五丰A Wufeng A	105	3.80
天丰A Tianfeng A	100	3.62
珍汕97A Zhenshan 97A	99	3.58
博A Bo A	99	3.58
恒丰A Hengfeng A	66	2.39
博ⅡA Bo IIA	60	2.17
T98A	54	1.96
广8A Guang 8A	53	1.92
威20A Wei 20A	50	1.81

不育系 Sterile line	育成品种数 Number of varieties	品种占比¹⁾ Proportion (%)¹⁾
金23A Jin 23A	162	5.87
龙特甫A Longtefu A	118	4.27
五丰A Wufeng A	105	3.80
天丰A Tianfeng A	100	3.62
珍汕97A Zhenshan 97A	99	3.58
博A Bo A	99	3.58
恒丰A Hengfeng A	66	2.39
博ⅡA Bo IIA	60	2.17
T98A	54	1.96
广8A Guang 8A	53	1.92
威20A Wei 20A	50	1.81

不育系 Sterile line	育成品种数 Number of varieties	品种占比 Proportion (%)
II-32A	208	19.14
荃9311A Quan 9311A	148	13.62
中9A Zhong 9A	121	11.13
泰丰A Taifeng A	73	6.72
野香A Yexiang A	60	5.52
吉丰A Jifeng A	45	4.14
安丰A Anfeng A	33	3.04
荣丰A Rongfeng A	27	2.48
广泰A Guangtai A	21	1.93
早丰A Zaofeng A	20	1.84

5460个三系杂交稻品种的不育系细胞质来源分析

Cytoplasmic Source Analysis of Sterile Lines from 5460 Three-line Hybrid Rice Varieties

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Metrics

不育系 Sterile line	育成品种数 Number of varieties	品种占比 Proportion (%)
嘉禾212A Jiahe 212A	11	2.77
甬粳15A Yongjing 15A	10	2.52
甬粳67A Yongjing 67A	10	2.52
春江16A Chunjiang 16A	10	2.52
甬粳78A Yongjing 78A	9	2.27
甬粳2号A Yongjing 2A	9	2.27
春江99A Chunjiang 99A	8	2.02
80-4A	7	1.76
榆密15A Yumi 15A	7	1.76
泗稻8号A Sidao 8A	7	1.76

不育系 Sterile line	育成品种数 Number of varieties	品种占比Proportion (%)
宜香1A Yixiang 1A	101	29.53
D62A	33	9.65
川谷A Chuangu A	23	6.73
蓉7A Rong 7A	18	5.26
锦城2A Jincheng 2A	18	5.26
川106A Chuan 106A	17	4.97
花香A Huaxiang A	15	4.39
瑞68A Rui 68A	10	2.92
双1A Shuang 1A	9	2.63
蜀6A Shu 6A	7	2.05

不育系 Sterile line	育成品种数 Number of varieties	品种占比Proportion (%)
蓉18A Rong 18A	41	14.44
K17A	37	13.03
旌3A Jing 3A	26	9.15
川种3A Chuanzhong 3A	18	6.34
泸香618A Luxiang 618A	17	5.99
蓉3A Rong 3A	11	3.87
品香A Pinxiang A	10	3.52
K17eA	9	3.17
德香074A Dexiang 074A	9	3.17
泸98A Lu 98A	9	3.17

不育系 Sterile line	育成品种数 Number of varieties	品种占比 Proportion (%)
冈46A Gang 46A	79	58.96
冈48A Gang 48A	9	6.72
冈香1A Gangxiang 1A	7	5.22
G2480A	4	2.99
雅7A Ya 7A	4	2.99
川农2A Chuannong 2A	3	2.24
清香A Qingxiang A	3	2.24
金冈35A Jingang 35A	3	2.24
陵420A Ling 420A	2	1.49
锦香A Jinxiang A	2	1.49

不育系 Sterile line	育成品种数 Number of varieties	品种占比 Proportion (%)
协青早A Xieqingzao A	88	72.73
中2A Zhong 2A	4	3.31
锋68A Feng 68A	4	3.31
乐5A Le 5A	4	3.31
乐3A Le 3A	3	2.48
旺A Wang A	3	2.48
甜A Tian A	3	2.48
京福2A Jingfu 2A	2	1.65
华11A Hua 11A	2	1.65
泰106A Tai 106A	2	1.65
辐香A Fuxiang A	1	0.83
T06A	1	0.83
65A	1	0.83
爱丰4A Aifeng 4A	1	0.83
中99A Zhong 99A	1	0.83
中南1A Zhongnan 1A	1	0.83

不育系 Sterile line	育成品种数 Number of varieties	品种占比Proportion(%)
粤泰A Yuetai A	14	33.33
丛广41A Congguang 41A	5	11.90
珞红5A Luohong 5A	4	9.52
珞红3A Luohong 3A	3	7.14
中莲1A Zhonglian 1A	3	7.14
红香2A Hongxiang 2A	3	7.14
绿3A Lü 3A	2	4.76
红糯1A Hongnuo 1A	2	4.76
青四矮2号A Qingsiai 2A	1	2.38
竹籼A Zhuxian A	1	2.38
科红ⅡA KehongⅡA	1	2.38
泰99 Tai 99	1	2.38
泰莲7A Tailian 7A	1	2.38
珞红4A Luohong 4A	1	2.38

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