不同土壤条件下秸秆还田量对土壤还原性物质及水稻生长的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230404

中国水稻科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 198-210.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230404

不同土壤条件下秸秆还田量对土壤还原性物质及水稻生长的影响

彭显龙¹^,²^,^*(), 董强¹, 张辰¹, 李鹏飞¹^,², 李博琳³, 刘智蕾¹^,², 于彩莲³

¹东北农业大学资源与环境学院，哈尔滨 150030
²东北农业大学寒地粮食作物种质创新与生理生态教育部重点实验室，哈尔滨 150030
³哈尔滨理工大学材料科学与化学工程学院，哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2023-04-17 修回日期:2023-06-07 出版日期:2024-03-10 发布日期:2024-03-14
通讯作者: * email: pxl0508@163.com
基金资助:
黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28100302);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-1-32);寒地粮食作物种质创新与生理生态教育部重点实验室开放课题(CXSTOP2021009)

Effects of Straw Return Rate on Soil Reducing Substances and Rice Growth Under Different Soil Conditions

PENG Xianlong¹^,²^,^*(), DONG Qiang¹, ZHANG Chen¹, LI Pengfei¹^,², LI Bolin³, LIU Zhilei¹^,², YU Cailian³

¹College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
²Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
³School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2023-04-17 Revised:2023-06-07 Online:2024-03-10 Published:2024-03-14
Contact: * email: pxl0508@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】在不同土壤上研究水稻秸秆还田后还原性物质的形成及其与水稻生长的关系。【方法】在砂壤土（S1）和粉壤土（S2）上进行2年盆栽试验，模拟低（RL）中（RM）高（RH）产量下秸秆全量还田，以秸秆不还田（R0）为对照，测定土壤还原性物质总量、Eh、亚铁离子、锰离子和铵态氮含量，分析水稻分蘖、根系干质量、根系活力和水稻产量等指标。【结果】秸秆还田后生育前期土壤Eh显著降低，还原性物质数量增加，S2的还原性物质高于砂壤土。与对照相比，2021年在移栽后56 d之前秸秆还田处理还原性物质总量、铁和锰离子含量分别提高了8.36%~199.64%、1.43%~160.03%和8.43%~57.68%。2022年在移栽后45 d前对应增加了2.95%~163.61%、0.77%~19.74%和3.28%~64.96%。随着秸秆还田量增加，还原性物质总量、铁和锰含量有增加趋势。在移栽后56 d前（2021年）和35 d前（2022年）秸秆还田显著增加了土壤铵态氮含量11.28%~50.67%和10.79%~351.53%。秸秆还田使水稻分蘖期和拔节期的根系干质量降低15.06%~45.80%，秸秆还田显著降低了砂壤土上水稻分蘖期和拔节期的根系活力，在S2土壤上RL和RM增加了拔节期根系活力，RH降低了根系活力。秸秆还田后水稻分蘖数在水稻生育期降低了7.23%~48.44%，干物质积累量降低了3.59%~43.57%。RL和RM处理第二年水稻产量降低不明显，RH处理2年均显著减产。砂壤土中氧化还原电位高于S2，S2还原性物质总量、锰离子含量、铵态氮含量、根系干质量、根系活力、分蘖数、干物质积累量和产量均高于砂壤土。【结论】在本研究条件下，秸秆还田显著增加还原性物质总量，抑制水稻早期生长。黏重土壤上秸秆全量还田引起减产，砂壤土上中低产量下秸秆全量还田不会造成穗数显著降低，因促进大穗形成不会造成显著减产。采取有效措施减少秸秆还田下还原性物质危害是秸秆还田技术优化的重点。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 寒地, 水稻, 还原性物质, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The study investigates the formation of reductive substances following rice straw incorporation and its impact on rice growth across different soil types.【Method】A two-year pot experiment simulated full straw incorporation at low (RL), medium (RM), and high (RH) rates on sandy loam (S1) and silty loam (S2) soils, with no straw incorporation (R0) as the control. Total soil reducing substances, Eh, ferrous ions, manganese ions, and ammonium nitrogen contents were measured, alongside analyses of rice tillering, root dry weight, root vigor, and rice yield.【Results】Soil Eh decreased significantly, and the concentrations of reducing substances increased after straw incorporation, with S2 exhibiting higher levels than S1. Compared to the control, straw incorporation up to 56 days after transplanting in 2021 increased the levels of total reducing substances, Fe, and Mn by 8.36%−199.64%, 1.43%−160.03%, and 8.43%− 57.68%, respectively. Similar increases occurred before 45 days after transplanting in 2022, ranging from 2.95% to 163.61%, 0.77% to 19.74%, and 3.28% to 64.96%. There was a positive correlation between straw incorporation and the levels of total reducing substances, Fe, and Mn. Straw incorporation significantly elevated soil ammonium N content by 11.28%−50.67% and 10.79%−351.53% before 56 days (2021) and 35 days (2022) after transplanting, respectively. Root dry weight at the tillering and jointing stages decreased by 15.06%−45.80% due to straw incorporation. In S1 soil, RL and RM increased root vigor at the jointing stage, while RH decreased root vigor on S2 soil. The number of rice tillers and dry matter accumulation decreased by 7.23%−48.44% and 3.59%−43.57%, respectively, during the rice reproductive period after straw incorporation. Rice yield was not significantly affected in the second year of RL and RM treatments, whereas RH treatment significantly reduced yield in both years. S1 exhibited higher oxidation-reduction potential than S2, with S2 displaying higher levels of reducing substances, manganese ions, ammonium nitrogen, root dry weight, root activity, tiller number, dry matter accumulation, and yield.【Conclusion】Straw incorporation increases the early-stage content of reducing substances and inhibits rice growth in cold areas. The impact of straw return on rice yield varies with soil type, with significant yield reductions observed on sticky soil following straw incorporation. Medium straw incorporation does not significantly affect the number of tillers but promotes the formation of larger panicle without reducing yield significantly. Optimizing straw incorporation technology requires effective measures to mitigate the negative effects of reducing substances.

Key words: straw returning, cold area, rice, reducing substances, yield

彭显龙, 董强, 张辰, 李鹏飞, 李博琳, 刘智蕾, 于彩莲. 不同土壤条件下秸秆还田量对土壤还原性物质及水稻生长的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024, 38(2): 198-210.

PENG Xianlong, DONG Qiang, ZHANG Chen, LI Pengfei, LI Bolin, LIU Zhilei, YU Cailian. Effects of Straw Return Rate on Soil Reducing Substances and Rice Growth Under Different Soil Conditions[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2024, 38(2): 198-210.

图/表 12

图1 2021年与2022年水稻生长期间试验点的温度变化

Fig. 1. Air temperature at experimental site during rice growth in 2021 and 2022

表1 土壤基本理化性质

Table 1. Basic physical and chemical properties of soil

土壤质地 Soil texture	土壤颗粒组成 Soil particle composition (%)				pH值 pH value	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	碱解氮 Alkaline N (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
土壤质地 Soil texture	砂粒 Sandy particle (0.02~2.00 mm)		黏粒 Clay particle (0.002~0.020 mm)	粉粒 Silty particle (<0.002 mm)	pH值 pH value	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	碱解氮 Alkaline N (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
砂壤Sandy loam(S1)		56.69	9.62	33.69	7.91	27.56	89.59	19.28	63.47
粉壤Silty loam(S2)		27.06	0.30	72.64	5.02	36.34	151.30	22.45	66.25

图2 秸秆还田量对土壤氧化还原电位的影响 R代表秸秆还田量，S代表土壤类型，R×S代表秸秆还田量与土壤类型的交互作用；R0，RL，RM，RH分别代表秸秆还田量为0，23.74，47.48，71.22 g/盆。*, **在5%与1%水平下差异显著，ns代表差异不显著。其中向下箭头（↓）代表晒田后测定值。下同。

Fig. 2. Effect of straw return volume on soil redox potential R represents straw application rates; S represents soil type; R × S represents the interaction between straw application rates and soil type. R0, RL, RM, RH represent the amount of straw returned to the field was 0，23.74，47.48，71.22 g/pot, respectively. *, ** represent significant difference at 5% and 1% level, respectively. ns represents no significant difference; the downward arrow (↓) represents the measured value after aeration sun-drying treatment. The same as below.

图3 秸秆还田量对土壤还原性物质总量的影响

Fig. 3. Effect of straw return amount on the levels of total soil reducing substances

图4 秸秆还田量对土壤亚铁离子含量的影响

Fig. 4. Effect of straw return amount on soil Fe2+ content

图5 秸秆还田量对土壤锰离子含量的影响

Fig. 5. Effect of straw return amount on soil Mn2+ content

图6 秸秆还田量对土壤铵态氮含量的影响其中向下箭头代表追肥。

Fig. 6. Effect of straw return amount on soil ammonium nitrogen content The downward arrow represents fertilizer topdressing.

图7 秸秆还田量对水稻根系干质量的影响

Fig. 7. Effect of straw return volume on the dry weight of rice root system

图8 秸秆还田量对水稻根系活力的影响

Fig. 8. Effect of straw return volume on rice root vigor

图9 秸秆还田量对水稻分蘖的影响

Fig. 9. Effect of straw return amount on rice tillering

图10 秸秆还田量对水稻干物质积累量的影响

Fig. 10. Effect of straw return amount on dry matter accumulation of rice

表2 不同土壤条件下秸秆还田量对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响

Table 2. Effect of straw return amount on rice yield and its components in different soils

年份 Year	土壤类型 Soil type	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (g/pot)	有效穗数 Effective panicles(No./pot)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)
2021	S1	R0	91.22 a	41.20 a	100.00 c	24.49 a	82.80 a
		RL	88.73 a	40.59 a	118.31 b	24.55 a	74.10 b
		RM	88.03 a	39.40 a	123.51 b	24.80 a	75.78 b
		RH	80.93 b	32.11 b	143.37 a	24.90 a	72.04 b
	S2	R0	109.85 a	50.59 a	118.19 b	24.95 b	76.19 a
		RL	97.69 b	46.80 b	123.69 ab	25.53 a	65.30 b
		RM	98.05 b	44.64 bc	132.33 ab	25.57 a	63.94 b
		RH	87.56 b	41.80 c	137.65 a	25.65 a	63.23 b
		R	**	**	**	**	**
		S	**	**	*	**	**
		R×S	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
2022	S1	R0	104.28 a	35.80 a	130.86 a	25.19 a	87.16 a
		RL	100.10 a	35.40 a	127.20 a	25.72 a	86.71 a
		RM	98.17 a	35.20 a	126.82 a	25.79 a	80.89 ab
		RH	81.61 b	32.20 b	127.15 a	25.85 a	76.35 b
	S2	R0	125.12 a	43.40 a	125.14 a	25.78 a	88.67 a
		RL	120.41 a	43.00 a	127.66 a	25.80 a	85.31 a
		RM	119.94 a	41.20 a	133.98 a	25.85 a	87.25 a
		RH	111.93 b	40.20 a	142.40 a	25.95 a	80.09 b
		R	**	*	ns	ns	**
		S	**	**	ns	ns	ns
		R×S	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

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不同土壤条件下秸秆还田量对土壤还原性物质及水稻生长的影响

Effects of Straw Return Rate on Soil Reducing Substances and Rice Growth Under Different Soil Conditions

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