盐-旱复合胁迫下水稻根系的形态和生理特征及其与产量形成的关系

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.230504

中国水稻科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 617-627.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.230504

盐-旱复合胁迫下水稻根系的形态和生理特征及其与产量形成的关系

朱旺¹^,², 张翔¹, 耿孝宇¹, 张哲¹^,², 陈英龙¹, 韦还和¹, 戴其根¹, 许轲¹, 朱广龙², 周桂生², 孟天瑶²^,^*()

¹江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(滨海盐碱地)重点实验室/扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院，江苏扬州 225009
²扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室/扬州大学农业科技发展研究院，江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2023-05-12 修回日期:2023-09-05 出版日期:2023-11-10 发布日期:2023-11-14
通讯作者: *email: tymeng@yzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFE0113400);国家自然科学基金资助项目(32001466);中国博士后基金面上项目(2020M671628);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022304);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022305);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20221371);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Roots Under Combined Salinity-Drought Stress and Their Relationships with Yield Formation

ZHU Wang¹^,², ZHANG Xiang¹, GENG Xiaoyu¹, ZHANG Zhe¹^,², CHEN Yinglong¹, WEI Huanhe¹, DAI Qigen¹, XU Ke¹, ZHU Guanglong², ZHOU Guisheng², MENG Tianyao²^,^*()

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China / Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
²Joint International Research Laboratory of Agri-culture and Agro-product Safety, Ministry of Education / Institute of Agricultural Science and Technological Development, Yangzhou 225009, China

Received:2023-05-12 Revised:2023-09-05 Online:2023-11-10 Published:2023-11-14
Contact: *email: tymeng@yzu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 明确盐-旱复合胁迫影响水稻根系形态生理及产量形成的作用机制。【方法】 以江苏沿海滩涂大面积种植的常规粳稻南粳9108为试材，设置对照(无胁迫，CK)、单一盐胁迫(0.15s，盐浓度0.15%；0.3s，盐浓度0.3%)、单一干旱胁迫(DJ，拔节期干旱；DH，抽穗期干旱)和盐-旱复合胁迫(0.15s+DJ、0.15s+DH、0.3s+DJ、0.3s+DH)，比较研究盐-旱复合胁迫下水稻根系形态生理的变化特征及其与物质生产和产量形成的内在关联。【结果】 与对照相比，单一盐胁迫(0.15s、0.3s)下水稻产量降幅为25.8%和65.0%；单一干旱胁迫(DJ、DH)下产量降幅为4.3%和22.3%；盐-旱复合胁迫(0.15s+DJ、0.3s+DJ、0.15s+DH和0.3s+DH)下产量降幅分别为33.3%、67.3%、48.3%和72.6%。单一盐胁迫和盐-旱复合胁迫处理的每盆穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重均显著低于对照，且盐-旱复合胁迫下水稻各产量构成因素均显著低于单一盐胁迫和干旱胁迫。单一盐胁迫、干旱胁迫和盐-旱复合胁迫下水稻成熟期地上部干物质量和收获指数均低于对照，且盐-旱复合胁迫下植株地上部和根系干物质量、根冠比和收获指数均低于单一盐胁迫和干旱胁迫。与对照相比，单一盐胁迫和盐-旱复合胁迫处理下根长、根表面积、根直径、根系氧化力和伤流强度均受到显著抑制，且在盐-旱复合胁迫下的抑制效应大于单一盐胁迫和干旱胁迫。单一盐胁迫、干旱胁迫和盐-旱复合胁迫处理降低了水稻叶片净光合速率和叶绿素含量，尤其在盐-旱复合胁迫下降幅更大。【结论】 盐-旱复合胁迫显著抑制水稻根系形态生理，进而影响叶片光合生理、同化物积累以及产量形成，且其抑制效应高于单一盐胁迫和干旱胁迫，具有叠加效应。

关键词: 盐-旱复合胁迫, 水稻, 根系形态生理, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which combined salinity-drought stress affects rice root morphology, physiology, and yield formation. 【Method】 We used Nanjing 9108, a conventional japonica rice variety widely grown in the mudflats along the coast of Jiangsu Province, as the test material. The following treatments were applied: control (no stress, CK), single salinity stress (0.15s, salinity concentration 0.15%; 0.3s, salinity concentration 0.3%), single drought stress (DJ, drought at jointing stage; DH, drought at heading stage), and combined salinity-drought stress (0.15s+DJ, 0.15s+DH, 0.3s+DJ, 0.3s+DH). We conducted a comparative study to investigate changes in root morphology and physiology of rice under combined salinity-drought stress and their underlying relationships with crop production and yield formation. 【Results】 In comparison to the control, rice yield decreased by 25.8% and 65.0% under single salinity stress (0.15s and 0.3s, respectively). Under single drought stress (DJ and DH), the yield reduction was 4.3% and 22.3%, respectively. Under combined salinity-drought stress (0.15s+DJ, 0.3s+DJ, 0.15s+DH, and 0.3s+DH), the yield reduction was 33.3%, 67.3%, 48.3%, and 72.6%, respectively. The number of panicles, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, and thousand grain weight were significantly lower under single salinity stress and combined salinity-drought stress treatments compared to the control. The yield components of rice under combined salinity-drought stress were also significantly lower than those under single salinity stress and drought stress. Aboveground dry matter weight and harvest index of rice during maturity were lower under single salinity stress, drought stress, and combined salinity-drought stress compared to the control. The aboveground and root dry matter weight, root to shoot ratio, and harvest index of plants under combined salinity-drought stress were lower than those under single salinity stress and drought stress. Root length, root surface area, root diameter, root oxidation activity, and bleeding intensity were significantly inhibited under single salinity stress and combined salinity-drought stress, with a stronger inhibitory effect under combined salinity-drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll contents of rice leaves were reduced under single salinity stress, drought stress, and combined salinity-drought stress, with the greatest decrease observed under combined salinity-drought stress. 【Conclusion】Combined salinity-drought stress significantly inhibits rice root morphology and physiology, consequently impacting leaf photosynthesis, assimilate accumulation, and yield formation. This inhibitory effect is more pronounced than that of single salinity stress and drought stress, with a synergistic impact.

Key words: combined salinity-drought stress, rice, root morphology and physiology, grain yield

朱旺, 张翔, 耿孝宇, 张哲, 陈英龙, 韦还和, 戴其根, 许轲, 朱广龙, 周桂生, 孟天瑶. 盐-旱复合胁迫下水稻根系的形态和生理特征及其与产量形成的关系[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023, 37(6): 617-627.

ZHU Wang, ZHANG Xiang, GENG Xiaoyu, ZHANG Zhe, CHEN Yinglong, WEI Huanhe, DAI Qigen, XU Ke, ZHU Guanglong, ZHOU Guisheng, MENG Tianyao. Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Roots Under Combined Salinity-Drought Stress and Their Relationships with Yield Formation[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(6): 617-627.

图/表 8

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	每盆穗数 Number of panicles per pot	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Filled-grain percentage/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	实产 Actual yield /(g·pot⁻¹)
2021	CK	38.8±0.5 a	128.9±0.8 a	87.9±0.4 a	23.9±0.5 a	106.5±1.3 a
	0.15s	35.8±0.8 b	107.1±0.4 c	80.8±0.6 b	21.9±1.0 b	80.3±1.4 d
	0.3s	28.9±0.6 d	78.1±0.8 d	71.9±2.4 d	18.8±0.6 cd	36.6±1.5 f
	DJ	37.8±0.4 a	122.4±1.3 b	85.9±0.6 a	21.8±0.8 b	101.7±2.1 b
	0.15s+DJ	32.7±0.4 c	104.8±0.6 c	77.9±0.3 c	19.8±0.5 c	77.9±0.5 d
	0.3s+DJ	25.7±0.8 e	74.8±0.6 e	68.5±1.7 e	17.8±0.5 d	35.2±0.9 f
	DH	38.2±1.0 a	123.9±0.7 b	81.8±0.7 b	20.1±0.8 c	84.1±0.6 c
	0.15s+DH	34.9±0.4 b	106.2±1.6 c	75.8±0.8 c	19.1±0.4 cd	55.9±0.6 e
	0.3s+DH	27.2±0.8 e	75.6±1.8 de	64.3±1.5 f	17.7±0.1 d	28.2±1.1 g
2022	CK	41.3±1.3 a	131.4±1.6 a	88.6±0.7 a	25.0±0.1 a	107.4±1.6 a
	0.15s	36.0±0.8 c	116.9±0.8 c	83.9±1.1 c	23.3±0.2 bc	79.8±0.7 d
	0.3s	28.9±0.4 f	78.9±1.1 e	73.9±0.9 f	19.8±0.6 d	37.5±1.1 g
	DJ	38.8±0.6 b	126.9±0.8 b	86.5±2.0 b	23.7±0.8 b	104.1±1.2 b
	0.15s+DJ	33.1±0.9 e	109.7±0.7 d	80.1±0.9 d	22.5±0.6 bc	66.7±0.7 e
	0.3s+DJ	26.7±0.6 h	74.1±0.6 d	70.2±1.3 g	19.9±0.4 d	34.7±0.6 h
	DH	40.5±1.8 a	126.5±1.2 b	80.9±0.9 d	22.2±1.1 c	84.5±0.7 c
	0.15s+DH	34.7±0.6 d	115.2±1.4 c	77.8±0.8 e	20.8±0.7 d	55.9±0.6 f
	0.3s+DH	27.8±0.9 g	76.8±0.8 e	62.4±1.3 h	17.9±0.4 e	29.9±0.6 i

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	每盆穗数 Number of panicles per pot	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Filled-grain percentage/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	实产 Actual yield /(g·pot⁻¹)
2021	CK	38.8±0.5 a	128.9±0.8 a	87.9±0.4 a	23.9±0.5 a	106.5±1.3 a
	0.15s	35.8±0.8 b	107.1±0.4 c	80.8±0.6 b	21.9±1.0 b	80.3±1.4 d
	0.3s	28.9±0.6 d	78.1±0.8 d	71.9±2.4 d	18.8±0.6 cd	36.6±1.5 f
	DJ	37.8±0.4 a	122.4±1.3 b	85.9±0.6 a	21.8±0.8 b	101.7±2.1 b
	0.15s+DJ	32.7±0.4 c	104.8±0.6 c	77.9±0.3 c	19.8±0.5 c	77.9±0.5 d
	0.3s+DJ	25.7±0.8 e	74.8±0.6 e	68.5±1.7 e	17.8±0.5 d	35.2±0.9 f
	DH	38.2±1.0 a	123.9±0.7 b	81.8±0.7 b	20.1±0.8 c	84.1±0.6 c
	0.15s+DH	34.9±0.4 b	106.2±1.6 c	75.8±0.8 c	19.1±0.4 cd	55.9±0.6 e
	0.3s+DH	27.2±0.8 e	75.6±1.8 de	64.3±1.5 f	17.7±0.1 d	28.2±1.1 g
2022	CK	41.3±1.3 a	131.4±1.6 a	88.6±0.7 a	25.0±0.1 a	107.4±1.6 a
	0.15s	36.0±0.8 c	116.9±0.8 c	83.9±1.1 c	23.3±0.2 bc	79.8±0.7 d
	0.3s	28.9±0.4 f	78.9±1.1 e	73.9±0.9 f	19.8±0.6 d	37.5±1.1 g
	DJ	38.8±0.6 b	126.9±0.8 b	86.5±2.0 b	23.7±0.8 b	104.1±1.2 b
	0.15s+DJ	33.1±0.9 e	109.7±0.7 d	80.1±0.9 d	22.5±0.6 bc	66.7±0.7 e
	0.3s+DJ	26.7±0.6 h	74.1±0.6 d	70.2±1.3 g	19.9±0.4 d	34.7±0.6 h
	DH	40.5±1.8 a	126.5±1.2 b	80.9±0.9 d	22.2±1.1 c	84.5±0.7 c
	0.15s+DH	34.7±0.6 d	115.2±1.4 c	77.8±0.8 e	20.8±0.7 d	55.9±0.6 f
	0.3s+DH	27.8±0.9 g	76.8±0.8 e	62.4±1.3 h	17.9±0.4 e	29.9±0.6 i

处理 Treatment	成熟期Maturity		根冠比 Root to shoot ratio	收获指数 Harvest index
处理 Treatment	地上部干物质量 Aboveground part dry weight/(g·pot⁻¹)	根系干物质量 Root dry weight/(g·pot⁻¹)	根冠比 Root to shoot ratio	收获指数 Harvest index
CK	169.2±1.6 a	38.8±0.9 a	0.22±0.01 bc	0.54±0.02 a
0.15s	129.3±1.3 d	27.1±0.8 c	0.21±0.01 cd	0.47±0.01 c
0.3s	105.3±1.3 g	21.0±1.3 d	0.20±0.01 d	0.40±0.01 f
DJ	154.7±0.8 b	35.9±0.7 b	0.23± 0.01 b	0.50±0.01 b
0.15s+DJ	115.8±0.7 e	26.0±0.8 c	0.22±0.01 bc	0.45±0.01 d
0.3s+DJ	95.0±0.1 h	19.9±1.1 d	0.21±0.01 cd	0.39±0.01 f
DH	149.1±1.3 c	38.3±0.6 a	0.25±0.01 a	0.46±0.01 cd
0.15s+DH	113.8±0.8 f	25.2±0.8 c	0.22±0.01 bc	0.42±0.01 e
0.3s+DH	90.8±0.6 i	19.9±0.6 d	0.21±0.01 cd	0.31±0.01 g

处理 Treatment	成熟期Maturity		根冠比 Root to shoot ratio	收获指数 Harvest index
处理 Treatment	地上部干物质量 Aboveground part dry weight/(g·pot⁻¹)	根系干物质量 Root dry weight/(g·pot⁻¹)	根冠比 Root to shoot ratio	收获指数 Harvest index
CK	169.2±1.6 a	38.8±0.9 a	0.22±0.01 bc	0.54±0.02 a
0.15s	129.3±1.3 d	27.1±0.8 c	0.21±0.01 cd	0.47±0.01 c
0.3s	105.3±1.3 g	21.0±1.3 d	0.20±0.01 d	0.40±0.01 f
DJ	154.7±0.8 b	35.9±0.7 b	0.23± 0.01 b	0.50±0.01 b
0.15s+DJ	115.8±0.7 e	26.0±0.8 c	0.22±0.01 bc	0.45±0.01 d
0.3s+DJ	95.0±0.1 h	19.9±1.1 d	0.21±0.01 cd	0.39±0.01 f
DH	149.1±1.3 c	38.3±0.6 a	0.25±0.01 a	0.46±0.01 cd
0.15s+DH	113.8±0.8 f	25.2±0.8 c	0.22±0.01 bc	0.42±0.01 e
0.3s+DH	90.8±0.6 i	19.9±0.6 d	0.21±0.01 cd	0.31±0.01 g

处理 Treatment	总根长 Total root length /(×10³ cm·pot⁻¹)	根表面积 Root surface area /(×10³ cm²·pot⁻¹)	根直径 Root diameter /mm	根体积 Root volume /(×10³ cm³·pot⁻¹)
CK	100.3±1.5 a	11.9±0.2 b	26.2±1.1 b	131.4±1.0 a
0.15s	86.0±0.6 c	9.2±0.7 c	23.0±0.6 c	116.6±1.1 b
0.3s	66.1±0.3 e	7.9±0.5 d	18.9±0.4 d	103.8±0.9 d
DJ	95.2±0.6 b	13.9±0.5 a	29.8±0.4 a	132.3±1.2 a
0.15s+DJ	84.4±0.8 d	8.3±0.4 cd	21.8±0.7 c	113.7±0.8 c
0.3s+DJ	61.9±0.5 f	7.3±0.8 d	17.9±0.9 d	99.8±0.5 e
CK	106.2±0.4 a	14.1±0.8 a	28.9±0.4 a	140.8±0.7 a
0.15s	89.0±0.4 c	10.1±0.1 b	22.9±0.6 b	128.0±1.3 b
0.3s	68.5±0.4 d	9.0±0.6 bc	20.2±0.6 c	114.5±1.6 c
DH	102.7±2.2 b	14.2±0.7 a	28.9±0.4 a	138.0±1.3 a
0.15s+DH	86.9±0.8 c	9.4±0.4 bc	23.8±0.5 b	124.7±0.8 b
0.3s+DH	66.3±1.3 d	8.3±0.4 c	18.9±0.9 c	106.5±1.6 d

盐-旱复合胁迫下水稻根系的形态和生理特征及其与产量形成的关系

Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Roots Under Combined Salinity-Drought Stress and Their Relationships with Yield Formation

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Metrics

处理 Treatment	叶绿素a Chl a/(mg·g⁻¹)	叶绿素b Chl b/(mg·g⁻¹)	叶绿素(a+b) Chl(a+b) /(mg·g⁻¹)
CK	1.50±0.04 a	0.82±0.04 a	2.32±0.08 a
0.15s	1.32±0.03 b	0.54±0.02 b	1.86±0.01 b
0.3s	1.21±0.04 c	0.36±0.02 c	1.57±0.06 c
DJ	1.56±0.08 a	0.81±0.06 a	2.38±0.02 a
0.15s+DJ	1.23±0.04 bc	0.50±0.01 b	1.73±0.02 b
0.3s+DJ	1.17±0.04 c	0.33±0.03 c	1.50±0.07 c
CK	1.57±0.08 a	0.87±0.03 a	2.44±0.05 a
0.15s	1.40±0.03 b	0.63±0.03 b	2.03±0.06 b
0.3s	1.25±0.03 c	0.56±0.04 b	1.81±0.01 c
DH	1.58±0.06 a	0.84±0.05 a	2.41±0.01 a
0.15s+DH	1.31±0.03 bc	0.55±0.06 b	1.86±0.09 c
0.3s+DH	1.22±0.04 c	0.34±0.06 c	1.55±0.03 d

根系性状 Root trait	产量 Grain yield	地上部干物质量 Aboveground dry weight	叶绿素（a+b）含量 Chl（a+b）content	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate
拔节期总根长Total root length at jointing	0.918**	0.915**	0.933**	0.725*
拔节期根表面积Root surface area at jointing	0.831**	0.871**	0.856**	0.578
拔节期根直径Root diameter at jointing	0.855**	0.863**	0.812**	0.564
拔节期根体积Root volume at jointing	0.856**	0.879**	0.894**	0.632
抽穗期总根长 Total root length at heading	0.936**	0.943**	0.966**	0.805**
抽穗期根表面积Root surface area at heading	0.841**	0.916**	0.859**	0.735*
抽穗期根直径Root diameter at heading	0.914**	0.924**	0.922**	0.634
抽穗期根体积Root volume at heading	0.816**	0.780*	0.745*	0.388
拔节期根系氧化力Root oxidation activity at jointing	0.670*	0.712*	0.773*	0.914**
拔节期根系伤流强度Root bleeding intensity at jointing	0.883**	0.887**	0.914**	0.933**
抽穗期根系氧化力Root oxidation activity at heading	0.670*	0.712*	0.773*	0.914**
抽穗期根系伤流强度Root bleeding intensity at heading	0.857**	0.891**	0.876**	0.976**
根系干物质量Root dry weight	0.941**	0.972**	0.965**	0.782*
根冠比Root/Shoot	0.644	0.651	0.721*	0.347

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