芸薹素内酯对稻草基质育秧水稻秧苗生理特性及栽后生长的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2020.9089

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】筛选出机插水稻基质育秧芸薹素内酯(BR)适宜的施用方法及最佳用量。【方法】以中早39为供试材料,采用稻草基质旱育秧方式,探究BR不同处理方式和浓度对机插早稻秧苗生理特性及栽后生长的影响。【结果】施用BR可以提高秧苗的抗氧化保护酶活性,降低丙二醛含量,增加可溶性蛋白含量、总糖含量及C/N,秧苗根系活力提高了13.24%~48.31%,利于形成抗性强的健壮秧苗;喷施方式对提高秧苗超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性效果最佳,基施方式对降低秧苗丙二醛含量效果最好。施用适量BR也可促进秧苗机插后长出新叶、新根及返青,喷施方式效果最好;浸种、喷施方式还能增强秧苗机插后20~30 d的单株分蘖力。【结论】播种前和出苗后进行两次适量的BR处理,有利形成壮苗和栽后活棵返青及分蘖,以播前0.15 mg/L浸种和秧苗1叶1心期0.10 mg/L喷施效果为好。

关键词: 稻草基质, 芸薹素内酯, 早稻, 生理特性

Abstract:

【Objective】Our goal is to find the suitable application method and optimum dosage of brassinolide (BR) for straw substrate-cultured rice seedlings.【Method】The effects of three application patterns of BR (seed soaking, spraying, basal application at different concentrations) on physiological characteristics and growth in mechanized-transplanted early rice seedlings were estimated, with straw substrate-cultured Zhongzao 39 seedlings as test material.【Result】BR application could enhance antioxidant protective enzyme activities of seedlings, reduce MDA contents, increase soluble protein content, total sugar contents and C/N, increase root activity of seedlings by 13.24%-48.31%, which were conducive to the formation of robust seedlings with strong resistance. Spraying method had the best effect on increasing SOD, POD and CAT activities of seedlings, while basal application of BR had the best effect on reducing MDA content of seedlings. The right amount of brassinolide could also promote the growth of new leaves; new root and recovery after transplanting, spraying method had the best effect. The tillering ability per plant was enhanced by seeds soaking and spraying at 20-30 d after mechanized-transplanting.【Conclusion】BR application before sowing and after seedling emergence had favorable effects on cultivation of strong rice seedlings, turning green and tillering after transplanting, The concentration of 0.15 mg/L of brassinolide for seed soaking before sowing and 0.10 mg/L for spraying at 1.5 leaf age were better.

Key words: straw substrate, brassinolide, early rice, biological characteristics

中图分类号:

S511.51

廖莎, 谭雪明, 李木英, 胡凯, 潘晓华, 石庆华. 芸薹素内酯对稻草基质育秧水稻秧苗生理特性及栽后生长的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2020, 34(2): 181-190.

Sha LIAO, Xueming TAN, Muying LI, Kai HU, Xiaohua PAN, Qinghua SHI. Effects of Brassinolide on Physiological Characteristics and Growth of Straw Substrate-cultured Rice Seedlings After Transplanting[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2020, 34(2): 181-190.

图/表 11

表1 芸薹素内酯试验处理

Table 1 Brassinolide experiment design.

处理方式 Treatment
浸种Seed soaking(J)	0.10	0.15	0.20
喷施Spraying(P)	0.10	0.15	0.20
基施Basal application(B)	0.20	0.40	0.60

图1 不同芸薹素内酯处理对秧苗根系活力的影响图中横坐标字母J、P、B分别表示浸种、喷施、基施处理,字母下标数字表示相应处理浓度(mg/L)。不同小、大写字母表示相同处理方式不同浓度间差异分别达邓肯氏新复极差测验5%、1%显著水平（下同）。

Fig. 1. Effect of diverse brassinollide (BR) treatments on root vigor of rice seedlings. In the figure, J, P and B below the horizontal coordinates represent seed soaking, spraying and basal application of BR, respectively, and the subscript numbers represent the corresponding treatment concentration(mg/L). Common lowercase and uppercase letters indicate that the difference between different concentrations is not significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels by Duncan’s test (the same below).

图2 不同芸薹素内酯处理对秧苗叶片抗氧化保护酶活性的影响

Fig. 2. Effect of diverse brassinollide treatments on antioxidant enzyme activities of rice seedling leaves.

图3 不同芸薹素内酯处理对秧苗叶片丙二醛含量的影响

Fig. 3. Effect of diverse brassinollide treatments on MDA content of seedling leaves.

图4 不同芸薹素内酯处理对秧苗叶片可溶性蛋白含量的影响

Fig. 4. Effect of diverse brassinollide treatments on soluble protein contents of seedling leaves.

表2 不同芸薹素内酯处理对秧苗碳氮含量的影响

Table 2 Effect of diverse brassinollide treatments on carbon and nitrogen contents of seedlings.

处理 Treatment	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content /(mg·g^-1)	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content /(mg·g^-1)	淀粉含量 Starch content /(mg·g^-1)	总糖含量 Total sugar content /(mg·g^-1)	C/N
J_0.00	41.77±0.00 aA	12.70±0.44 bB	27.97±0.21 cC	40.67±0.23 dD	0.97±0.01 cC
J_0.10	30.30±0.14 dD	14.83±0.53 aA	32.81±0.07 bB	47.64±0.59 aA	1.57±0.02 aA
J_0.15	36.47±0.23 bB	12.44±0.06 bB	33.53±0.17 aA	45.97±0.11 bB	1.26±0.01 bB
J_0.20	35.17±0.57 cC	10.97±0.06 cC	33.82±0.03 aA	44.79±0.03 cC	1.27±0.02 bB
P_0.00	41.77±0.00 aA	12.70±0.44 cC	27.97±0.21 bB	40.67±0.23 cB	0.97±0.01 cB
P_0.10	39.68±0.44 bB	14.69±0.06 aA	29.33±0.66 aA	42.02±0.59 aA	1.11±0.02 aA
P_0.15	38.61±0.54 cC	13.54±0.23 bB	28.19±0.12 bB	41.73±0.35 bB	1.08±0.02 bA
P_0.20	39.47±0.40 bB	13.69±0.20 bB	24.07±0.04 cC	37.76±0.24 dC	0.96±0.01 cB
B_0.00	41.77±0.00 bB	12.70±0.44 dD	27.97±0.21 dD	40.67±0.23 dD	0.97±0.01 cC
B_0.20	38.55±0.03 cC	14.60±0.37 cC	39.58±0.44 aA	54.18±0.57 aA	1.41±0.02 aA
B_0.40	44.56±0.28 aA	15.70±0.44 bB	36.49±0.47 bB	52.19±0.03 bB	1.17±0.01 bB
B_0.60	41.97±0.44 bB	17.87±0.39 aA	31.10±0.37 cC	48.97±0.28 cC	1.17±0.02 bB

表3 不同芸薹素内酯处理对秧苗机插质量的影响

Table 3 Effect of diverse brassinollide treatments on the quality of machine-transplanted seedlings.

处理 Treatment	漏插率 Turnover seedling rate/%	漂秧率 Floating seedling rate/%	伤秧率 Damaged seedling rate/%	死苗率 Dead seedling rate/%
J_0.00	5.0±0.8 aA	4.3±0.9 aA	3.3±0.5 aA	0.7±0.5 aA
J_0.10	4.7±0.5 aAB	3.0±0.8 abA	2.7±0.5 aA	0.7±0.5 aA
J_0.15	4.3±0.5 aAB	3.3±0.5 abA	2.3±0.5 aA	0.0±0.0 bA
J_0.20	2.3±0.5 bB	2.0±0.8 bA	3.3±0.5 aA	1.0±0.0 aA
P_0.00	5.0±0.8 aA	4.3±0.9 aA	3.3±0.5 aA	0.7±0.5 aA
P_0.10	3.3±0.5 aA	1.7±0.9 bB	1.0±0.0 bB	0.3±0.5 aA
P_0.15	4.0±0.8 aA	2.3±0.5 bAB	2.7±0.5 aAB	0.3±0.5 aA
P_0.20	4.0±0.8 aA	1.3±0.5 bB	2.3±0.4 abAB	0.0±0.0 aA
B_0.00	5.0±0.8 aA	4.3±0.9 aA	3.3±0.5 aA	0.7±0.5 aA
B_0.20	4.3±0.5 abA	1.3±0.5 bB	0.3±0.5 cB	0.0±0.0 bA
B_0.40	2.7±0.8 bA	2.3±0.5 bAB	2.3±0.5 bA	0.0±0.0 bA
B_0.60	4.7±0.5 aA	1.7±0.5 bB	2.7±0.5 abA	0.0±0.0 bA

图5 不同芸薹素内酯处理对机插后秧苗出叶的影响图中多重比较是在同一时期相同处理不同浓度间进行的比较（下同）。

Fig. 5. Effect of diverse brassinollide treatments on leaves emergence of seedlings after transplanting. The multiple comparisons in the figure were conducted between different concentrations of the same treatment during the same period(the same below).

图6 不同芸薹素内酯处理对机插后秧苗叶色(SPAD)的影响

Fig. 6. Effect of diverse brassinollide treatments on SPAD of seedlings after transplanting.

图7 不同芸薹素内酯处理对秧苗发根力的影响

Fig. 7. Effect of diverse brassinollide treatments on rooting ability of seedlings.

图8 不同芸薹素内酯处理对秧苗分蘖力的影响

Fig. 8. Effect of diverse brassinollide treatments on tillering ability of seedlings.

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