中国水稻科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 181-192.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.5045
姬静华1, 霍治国2, 唐力生3, 杜尧东1,3, 胡飞1,*()
收稿日期:
2015-03-11
修回日期:
2015-05-13
出版日期:
2016-03-10
发布日期:
2016-03-10
通讯作者:
胡飞
基金资助:
Jing-hua JI1, Zhi-guo HUO2, Li-sheng TANG3, Yao-dong DU1,3, Fei HU1,*()
Received:
2015-03-11
Revised:
2015-05-13
Online:
2016-03-10
Published:
2016-03-10
Contact:
Fei HU
摘要:
以天优998和桂农占为试验材料,盆栽条件下在灌浆期进行2/3淹水和没顶淹水处理(淹水历时0 d、1 d、3 d、5 d和7 d,0 d为对照),对淹水后早稻剑叶理化特性以及产量和品质进行分析。 结果表明,灌浆期水稻在1 d~3 d短期2/3和没顶淹水后产量和品质显著下降,淹水5 d~7 d产量下降最为严重。有效穗数下降是淹水导致产量下降的主要因素。相同淹水条件下,两个水稻材料间产量和品质变化差异不显著。灌浆期水稻淹水后水稻剑叶的游离脯氨酸和MDA含量升高,SPAD值和SOD酶活性下降,随淹水深度和持续时间的延长变幅增大。灌浆期淹水后水稻剑叶SPAD值和MDA含量与产量和品质呈显著或极显著相关,是反映淹水后水稻产量和品质变化生理指标。
中图分类号:
姬静华, 霍治国, 唐力生, 杜尧东, 胡飞. 早稻灌浆期淹水对剑叶理化特性及产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(2): 181-192.
Jing-hua JI, Zhi-guo HUO, Li-sheng TANG, Yao-dong DU, Fei HU. Grain Yield and Quality and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Flag Leaf in Early Rice as Affected by Submergence at Filling Stage[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2016, 30(2): 181-192.
图1 淹水对水稻株高的影响柱上不同小写字母表示同一品种不同处理天数在0.05水平上差异显著(n=3,LSD)。下同。
Fig. 1. Effect of submergence on plant height in rice. Different lowercase letters mean significant difference for a given variety among various submergence time at 0.05 level (n=3,LSD).The same as below.
材料与处理 Treatment | 有效穗数 Number of productive panicles per pot | 结实率 Seed setting rate /% | 每穗粒数 Number of grains per panicle | 千粒重 1000-grain weight /g | 产量 Yield /(g·pot-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
天优998 Tianyou 998 | |||||
2/3淹 2/3 submergence | |||||
对照CK | 31.0±1.53 a | 82.33±6.91 a | 103.37±0.90 b | 24.33±0.17 a | 63.69±2.77 a (63.56±1.70 a) |
1 d | 21.0±0.58 b | 76.17±2.53 ab | 127.60±5.42 a | 22.67±0.73 b | 46.28±3.23 b (44.86±3.52 b) |
3 d | 16.0±1.15 c | 74.57±0.86 ab | 108.27±3.42 b | 22.83±0.44 b | 29.65±3.3 cd (28.39±2.07 c) |
5 d | 15.0±0.58 c | 74.00±6.18 ab | 133.40±8.57 a | 21.17±0.44 c | 31.13±2.43 c (30.98±3.93 cd) |
7 d | 14.3±2.96 c | 62.60±1.99 b | 110.63±3.77 b | 21.17±0.33 c | 20.94±4.13 d (20.29±4.31 d) |
没顶淹 Complete submergence | |||||
对照CK | 31.0±1.53 a | 82.33±6.91 a | 103.37±0.90 c | 24.33±0.17 a | 63.69±2.77 a (63.56±1.70 a) |
1 d | 15.7±1.76 b | 65.69±1.48 b | 136.63±2.15 ab | 22.50±0.29 b | 31.64±3.78 b (31.37±3.11 b) |
3 d | 14.0±1.53 b | 59.77±5.03 b | 142.13±6.94 a | 21.83±0.33 b | 25.50±1.70 bc (24.94±2.04 c) |
5 d | 12.7±0.88 b | 55.53±0.43 b | 133.37±7.45 ab | 19.67±0.67 c | 18.70±2.78 cd (18.44±1.24 d) |
7 d | 11.3±0.88 b | 53.37±2.59 b | 124.67±4.36 b | 18.33±0.44 d | 13.70±0.54 d (13.36±1.42 d) |
桂农占 Guinongzhan | |||||
2/3淹 2/3 submergence | |||||
对照CK | 23.0±1.53 a | 85.23±1.50 a | 118.53±0.35 b | 23.00±0.00 a | 53.32±2.64 a (53.15±3.22 a) |
1 d | 15.3±1.67 b | 80.21±4.13 ab | 129.83±1.89 a | 22.00±0.50 ab | 34.78±2.77 b (34.43±4.81 b) |
3 d | 14.0±0.58 b | 78.76±5.07 ab | 125.73±2.57 ab | 21.33±0.33 abc | 29.67±2.96 bc (23.00±0.65 c) |
5 d | 12.3±0.67 b | 76.55±3.34 ab | 132.03±4.40 a | 20.67±0.60 bc | 25.70±1.72 c (24.31±3.94 bc) |
7 d | 12.0±0.58 b | 72.55±4.16 b | 126.13±4.93 ab | 19.83±0.88 c | 21.81±2.32 c (21.70±3.42 c) |
没顶淹 Complete submergence | |||||
对照CK | 23.0±1.53 a | 85.23±1.50 a | 118.53±0.35 a | 23.00±0.00 a | 53.32±2.64 a (53.15±3.22 a) |
1 d | 14.3±0.33 b | 82.45±0.73 ab | 109.13±2.05 a | 21.83±0.93 a | 28.09±0.58 b (28.45±1.57 b) |
3 d | 14.0±1.00 b | 74.50±3.8 abc | 109.40±9.73 a | 21.17±0.44 ab | 24.05±2.60 b (22.01±1.37 bc) |
5 d | 13.3±1.20 bc | 71.37±4.61 c | 114.93±6.83 a | 19.67±0.60 bc | 21.30±1.92 bc (19.44±3.32 c) |
7 d | 10.3±1.33 c | 70.45±4.32 c | 113.67±5.91 a | 18.17±0.73 c | 15.47±3.56 c (15.01±1.47 c) |
表1 淹水对早稻产量及其构成因素的影响
Table 1 Effects of submergence on grain yield and its components of early rice.
材料与处理 Treatment | 有效穗数 Number of productive panicles per pot | 结实率 Seed setting rate /% | 每穗粒数 Number of grains per panicle | 千粒重 1000-grain weight /g | 产量 Yield /(g·pot-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
天优998 Tianyou 998 | |||||
2/3淹 2/3 submergence | |||||
对照CK | 31.0±1.53 a | 82.33±6.91 a | 103.37±0.90 b | 24.33±0.17 a | 63.69±2.77 a (63.56±1.70 a) |
1 d | 21.0±0.58 b | 76.17±2.53 ab | 127.60±5.42 a | 22.67±0.73 b | 46.28±3.23 b (44.86±3.52 b) |
3 d | 16.0±1.15 c | 74.57±0.86 ab | 108.27±3.42 b | 22.83±0.44 b | 29.65±3.3 cd (28.39±2.07 c) |
5 d | 15.0±0.58 c | 74.00±6.18 ab | 133.40±8.57 a | 21.17±0.44 c | 31.13±2.43 c (30.98±3.93 cd) |
7 d | 14.3±2.96 c | 62.60±1.99 b | 110.63±3.77 b | 21.17±0.33 c | 20.94±4.13 d (20.29±4.31 d) |
没顶淹 Complete submergence | |||||
对照CK | 31.0±1.53 a | 82.33±6.91 a | 103.37±0.90 c | 24.33±0.17 a | 63.69±2.77 a (63.56±1.70 a) |
1 d | 15.7±1.76 b | 65.69±1.48 b | 136.63±2.15 ab | 22.50±0.29 b | 31.64±3.78 b (31.37±3.11 b) |
3 d | 14.0±1.53 b | 59.77±5.03 b | 142.13±6.94 a | 21.83±0.33 b | 25.50±1.70 bc (24.94±2.04 c) |
5 d | 12.7±0.88 b | 55.53±0.43 b | 133.37±7.45 ab | 19.67±0.67 c | 18.70±2.78 cd (18.44±1.24 d) |
7 d | 11.3±0.88 b | 53.37±2.59 b | 124.67±4.36 b | 18.33±0.44 d | 13.70±0.54 d (13.36±1.42 d) |
桂农占 Guinongzhan | |||||
2/3淹 2/3 submergence | |||||
对照CK | 23.0±1.53 a | 85.23±1.50 a | 118.53±0.35 b | 23.00±0.00 a | 53.32±2.64 a (53.15±3.22 a) |
1 d | 15.3±1.67 b | 80.21±4.13 ab | 129.83±1.89 a | 22.00±0.50 ab | 34.78±2.77 b (34.43±4.81 b) |
3 d | 14.0±0.58 b | 78.76±5.07 ab | 125.73±2.57 ab | 21.33±0.33 abc | 29.67±2.96 bc (23.00±0.65 c) |
5 d | 12.3±0.67 b | 76.55±3.34 ab | 132.03±4.40 a | 20.67±0.60 bc | 25.70±1.72 c (24.31±3.94 bc) |
7 d | 12.0±0.58 b | 72.55±4.16 b | 126.13±4.93 ab | 19.83±0.88 c | 21.81±2.32 c (21.70±3.42 c) |
没顶淹 Complete submergence | |||||
对照CK | 23.0±1.53 a | 85.23±1.50 a | 118.53±0.35 a | 23.00±0.00 a | 53.32±2.64 a (53.15±3.22 a) |
1 d | 14.3±0.33 b | 82.45±0.73 ab | 109.13±2.05 a | 21.83±0.93 a | 28.09±0.58 b (28.45±1.57 b) |
3 d | 14.0±1.00 b | 74.50±3.8 abc | 109.40±9.73 a | 21.17±0.44 ab | 24.05±2.60 b (22.01±1.37 bc) |
5 d | 13.3±1.20 bc | 71.37±4.61 c | 114.93±6.83 a | 19.67±0.60 bc | 21.30±1.92 bc (19.44±3.32 c) |
7 d | 10.3±1.33 c | 70.45±4.32 c | 113.67±5.91 a | 18.17±0.73 c | 15.47±3.56 c (15.01±1.47 c) |
材料与处理 Treatment | 糙米率 Brown rice rate/% | 精米率 Milled rice rate/% | 整精米率 Head milled rice rate /% | 垩白率 Percentage of chalky grain /% | 垩白度 Chalkiness degree /% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
天优998 Tianyou 998 | ||||||
2/3淹 3/2 submergence | ||||||
对照CK | 87.64±5.93 a | 64.55±0.82 a | 48.34±0.52 a | 19.33±0.88 b | 3.65±0.75 b | |
1 d | 78.57±0.30 ab | 63.99±0.24 a | 44.96±2.36 a | 20.33±0.88 b | 4.77±0.93 b | |
3 d | 77.64±1.35 ab | 61.56±4.17 a | 25.88±1.31 b | 25.67±4.41b | 6.71±0.80 b | |
5 d | 77.64±0.83 ab | 59.47±0.48 ab | 25.50±0.35 b | 47.00±2.00 a | 13.00±0.80 a | |
7 d | 77.05±2.84 b | 55.31±0.76 b | 23.56±0.41 b | 50.00±4.04 a | 16.29±1.97 a | |
没顶淹 Complete submergence | ||||||
CK | 87.64±5.93 a | 64.55±0.82 a | 48.34±0.52 a | 19.33±0.88 c | 3.65±0.75 d | |
1 d | 78.09±1.07 ab | 62.85±0.67 a | 42.64±0.16 b | 30.33±1.20 b | 16.55±2.73 c | |
3 d | 77.63±0.98 ab | 56.53±2.87 b | 25.95±1.76 c | 33.67±1.45 b | 18.34±1.20 c | |
5 d | 77.27±0.62 b | 55.90±2.06 b | 24.59±0.20 c | 49.33±1.86 a | 28.73±4.28 b | |
7 d | 74.85±3.80 b | 54.79±0.95 b | 19.03±0.70 d | 52.00±2.08 a | 40.00±1.86 a | |
桂农占 Guinongzhan | ||||||
2/3淹 2/3 Submergence | ||||||
对照CK | 80.37±1.41 a | 65.55±0.59 a | 50.65±0.88 a | 25.67±2.03 c | 4.54±0.47 c | |
1 d | 79.89±0.72 a | 63.41±0.64 ab | 41.19±0.37 b | 29.00±1.15 c | 7.70±2.19 c | |
3 d | 79.19±0.45 ab | 61.93±1.09 b | 36.27±0.40 c | 39.00±1.15 b | 12.64±1.69 bc | |
5 d | 78.91±0.13 ab | 59.29±0.10 c | 35.32±0.20 c | 43.33±1.45 ab | 20.26±1.01 ab | |
7 d | 76.63±0.84 b | 55.30±1.05 d | 21.34±0.04 d | 49.00±3.51 a | 25.51±7.16 a | |
没顶淹 Complete submergence | ||||||
对照CK | 80.37±1.41 a | 65.55±0.59 a | 50.65±0.88 a | 25.67±2.03 c | 4.54±0.47 c | |
1 d | 79.84±1.51 a | 60.36±0.66 b | 42.60±0.43 b | 26.67±2.19 c | 8.08±0.89 c | |
3 d | 78.46±0.79 ab | 59.07±0.34 b | 37.58±0.44 c | 54.67±4.81 b | 18.37±0.71 b | |
5 d | 77.73±0.9 ab | 57.11±0.66 c | 25.66±0.49 d | 54.67±1.86 b | 23.45±1.46 b | |
7 d | 75.24±1.08 b | 49.97±0.72 d | 20.71±0.30 e | 71.00±2.52 a | 42.42±3.46 a |
表2 淹水对早稻加工和外观品质的影响
Table 2 Effects of submergence on the processing and appearance qualities of early rice
材料与处理 Treatment | 糙米率 Brown rice rate/% | 精米率 Milled rice rate/% | 整精米率 Head milled rice rate /% | 垩白率 Percentage of chalky grain /% | 垩白度 Chalkiness degree /% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
天优998 Tianyou 998 | ||||||
2/3淹 3/2 submergence | ||||||
对照CK | 87.64±5.93 a | 64.55±0.82 a | 48.34±0.52 a | 19.33±0.88 b | 3.65±0.75 b | |
1 d | 78.57±0.30 ab | 63.99±0.24 a | 44.96±2.36 a | 20.33±0.88 b | 4.77±0.93 b | |
3 d | 77.64±1.35 ab | 61.56±4.17 a | 25.88±1.31 b | 25.67±4.41b | 6.71±0.80 b | |
5 d | 77.64±0.83 ab | 59.47±0.48 ab | 25.50±0.35 b | 47.00±2.00 a | 13.00±0.80 a | |
7 d | 77.05±2.84 b | 55.31±0.76 b | 23.56±0.41 b | 50.00±4.04 a | 16.29±1.97 a | |
没顶淹 Complete submergence | ||||||
CK | 87.64±5.93 a | 64.55±0.82 a | 48.34±0.52 a | 19.33±0.88 c | 3.65±0.75 d | |
1 d | 78.09±1.07 ab | 62.85±0.67 a | 42.64±0.16 b | 30.33±1.20 b | 16.55±2.73 c | |
3 d | 77.63±0.98 ab | 56.53±2.87 b | 25.95±1.76 c | 33.67±1.45 b | 18.34±1.20 c | |
5 d | 77.27±0.62 b | 55.90±2.06 b | 24.59±0.20 c | 49.33±1.86 a | 28.73±4.28 b | |
7 d | 74.85±3.80 b | 54.79±0.95 b | 19.03±0.70 d | 52.00±2.08 a | 40.00±1.86 a | |
桂农占 Guinongzhan | ||||||
2/3淹 2/3 Submergence | ||||||
对照CK | 80.37±1.41 a | 65.55±0.59 a | 50.65±0.88 a | 25.67±2.03 c | 4.54±0.47 c | |
1 d | 79.89±0.72 a | 63.41±0.64 ab | 41.19±0.37 b | 29.00±1.15 c | 7.70±2.19 c | |
3 d | 79.19±0.45 ab | 61.93±1.09 b | 36.27±0.40 c | 39.00±1.15 b | 12.64±1.69 bc | |
5 d | 78.91±0.13 ab | 59.29±0.10 c | 35.32±0.20 c | 43.33±1.45 ab | 20.26±1.01 ab | |
7 d | 76.63±0.84 b | 55.30±1.05 d | 21.34±0.04 d | 49.00±3.51 a | 25.51±7.16 a | |
没顶淹 Complete submergence | ||||||
对照CK | 80.37±1.41 a | 65.55±0.59 a | 50.65±0.88 a | 25.67±2.03 c | 4.54±0.47 c | |
1 d | 79.84±1.51 a | 60.36±0.66 b | 42.60±0.43 b | 26.67±2.19 c | 8.08±0.89 c | |
3 d | 78.46±0.79 ab | 59.07±0.34 b | 37.58±0.44 c | 54.67±4.81 b | 18.37±0.71 b | |
5 d | 77.73±0.9 ab | 57.11±0.66 c | 25.66±0.49 d | 54.67±1.86 b | 23.45±1.46 b | |
7 d | 75.24±1.08 b | 49.97±0.72 d | 20.71±0.30 e | 71.00±2.52 a | 42.42±3.46 a |
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