灌浆期干旱胁迫对水稻生理性状和产量的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.0401

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的研究灌浆期干旱对不同类型水稻叶片生理性状和产量的影响,为干旱气候条件下水稻栽培提供参考。方法以节水抗旱稻旱优113和普通杂交稻扬两优6号(YLY6)为材料,设置传统淹水灌溉、灌浆期干旱胁迫两个处理,分别测定水稻的产量及产量构成、稻米品质(加工品质、外观品质和营养品质)、干物质生产及分配、叶片生理活性(叶片水势、气叶温差和光合速率)等。结果与传统淹水灌溉相比,灌浆期干旱胁迫下水稻叶片水势、气叶温差均显著下降,最终导致叶片光合速率降低;但是在复水后2~15 d,叶片的各生理指标可以得到恢复,与对照没有显著差异;水稻产量没有明显变化,产量的稳定主要得益于前期充足的干物质积累使籽粒充分灌浆,结实率显著升高;稻米的碾磨品质没有显著影响,但扬两优6号的外观品质显著降低,却改善了旱优113的外观品质。同时,蛋白质含量升高在一定程度上改善了稻米营养品质。结论水稻灌浆期适度干旱可以在稳定产量的基础上改善稻米品质。因此,适当在生育后期阶段减少水分的投入,不仅可节约农业用水,稳定籽粒产量,还有利于稻米品质的改善。

关键词: 水稻, 干旱胁迫, 农艺性状, 生理特性, 产量构成

Abstract:

【Objective】Itis very important to reveal the effects of drought stress at grainfilling stage on physiological characteristics of flag leaves and yield of different genotypes of rice, and provide the reference for rice cultivation under soil drought conditions.【Method】The water-saving and drought resistant rice variety Hanyou 113 (HY113) and hybrid rice variety Yangliangyou 6(YLY6) were cultured as materials under two water treatments (conventionalflooding and drought stress at grainfilling stage). The yield and itscomponents, rice quality (processing quality, appearance quality and nutritional quality), dry matter production and distribution, leaf physiological activity (leaf water potential, air-leaf temperature gap and photosynthetic rate) were determined.【Result】Compared with conventionalflooding, the leaf water potential and air-leaf temperature gap significantly decreased under drought stress duringgrainfilling, which resulted in decreased photosynthetic ratesofflagleaves. However, from the 2nd to the 15th day after rehydration, the physiological activities of the flagleaves could be restoredto the normal level, and no significant difference was observed as comparedto controlgroup. There wasno significant change in grainyield, which was mainly due to accumulation of dry matter in the early growing stage and significantly increasedfilled grain number. The rice millingquality was not changed significantly, but the appearance quality of YLY6 was just the opposite, the appearance quality of HY113 was improved. In addition, the nutrition quality was improved due to increased protein content.【Conclusion】Moderate drought at grainfilling stage can improve rice quality and stabilize grain yield. Therefore, moderatereduction of water input at late growing stages can not only save agricultural water and stabilize yield, but also help improve rice quality.

Key words: rice, drought stress, agronomic trait, physiological characteristics, yield component

杨晓龙, 程建平, 汪本福, 李阳, 张枝盛, 李进兰, 李萍. 灌浆期干旱胁迫对水稻生理性状和产量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(1): 38-46.

Xiaolong YANG, Jianping CHENG, Benfu WANG, Yang LI, Zhisheng ZHANG, Jinlan LI, Ping LI. Effects of Drought Stressat Grain Filling Stage on Rice Physiological Characteristics and Yield[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(1): 38-46.

图/表 8

表1 灌浆期干旱胁迫处理对水稻产量及其构成的影响

Table 1 Effect of drought stress at grain filling stage on yield and its components.

品种 Variety	年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 No. of productive panicles(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗实粒数 No. of filled grains per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	实际产量 Grain yield/(t·hm^-2)
扬两优6号 YLY6	2014	F	196 a	166 a	77.8 a	26.3 a	10.35 a
	2014	MS	205 a	178 a	74.2 b	25.1 b	9.98 a
	2018	F	202 a	211 a	75.8 b	27.6 a	9.02 a
	2018	MS	196 a	191 a	81.8 a	26.4 b	9.23 a
旱优113 HY113	2014	F	188 a	178 a	74.8 b	27.1 a	10.06 a
	2014	MS	180 a	156 b	77.8 a	26.2 b	9.84 a
	2018	F	195 a	183 a	70.7 b	27.4 a	6.07 a
	2018	MS	189 a	157 b	77.3 a	26.2 b	6.03 a
品种V			ns	*	*	**	**
处理T			ns	*	*	**	ns
品种×处理V×T			ns	*	*	**	**

图1 灌浆期干旱胁迫下土壤水势的动态变化 YLY6–扬两优6号;HY113–旱优113。F–传统淹水灌溉;MS–灌浆期干旱胁迫。

Fig. 1. Dynamic changes of soil water potential under drought stress during grain filling stage YLY6, Yangliangyou 6; HY113, Hanyou 113.F, Traditional flooding; MS, Drought stress at grain filling stage.

表2 灌浆期干旱胁迫处理对稻米加工、外观品质的影响

Table 2 Effect of drought stress at grain filling stage on rice milling and appearance quality.

品种 Variety	年份 Year	处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice rate/%	精米率 Milled rice rate/%	整精米率 Head rice rate/%	垩白粒率 Chalky kernel rate/%	垩白度 Chalkiness/%	长宽比 Length-width ratio
扬两优6号 YLY6	2014	F	82.1 a	71.7 a	67.6 a	15.1 b	5.63 b	2.83 a
	2014	MS	81.8 a	71.5 a	67.1 a	20.8 a	7.89 a	2.90 a
	2018	F	81.3 a	70.5 a	67.5 a	31.1 b	8.77 b	2.91 a
	2018	MS	80.1 a	70.0 a	66.9 a	37.4 a	11.3 a	2.92 a
旱优113 HY113	2014	F	81.4 a	71.0 a	59.8 a	30.0 a	7.97 a	3.00 a
	2014	MS	80.5 a	69.5 a	60.3 a	24.3 b	6.12 b	2.99 a
	2018	F	79.8 a	70.0 a	66.3 a	38.6 a	8.27 a	2.90 a
	2018	MS	79.4 a	69.2 a	66.4 a	25.2 b	5.97 b	2.91 a
品种V			ns	ns	ns	**	**	ns
处理T			ns	ns	ns	**	**	ns
品种×处理V×T			ns	ns	ns	**	**	ns

表3 灌浆期干旱胁迫处理对稻米营养品质的影响

Table 3 Effect of drought stress at grain filling stage on rice nutrition quality.

品种 Variety	年份 Year	处理 Treatment	蛋白质含量 Protein content/%	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content/%	消减值 Alkali spreading value
扬两优6号	2014	F	8.8 b	16.8 a	7.17 a
YLY6		MS	10.0 a	16.8 a	7.20 a
	2018	F	11.5 b	17.1 a	7.21 a
		MS	12.9 a	17.0 a	7.18 a
旱优113	2014	F	8.4 b	16.7 a	7.13 a
HY113		MS	10.0 a	16.9 a	7.30 a
	2018	F	8.0 b	17.6 a	7.11 a
		MS	9.8 a	17.7 a	7.12 a
品种V			**	ns	ns
处理T			**	ns	ns
品种×处理V×T			**	ns	ns

图2 灌浆期干旱及复水对干物质积累的影响 YLY6–扬两优6号;HY113–旱优113。F–传统淹水灌溉;MS–灌浆期干旱胁迫。

Fig. 2. Effect of drought stress and rehydration at the filling stage on dry matter accumulation. YLY6, Yangliangyou 6; HY113, Hanyou 113.F, Traditional flooding; MS, Drought stress at grain filling stage.

表4 灌浆期干旱胁迫及复水对不同器官干物质分配的影响（2018）

Table 4 Effect of drought stress and rehydration at grain filling stage on the distribution rate in different organs of dry matter in rice (2018). %

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	干旱胁迫前BDS				干旱胁迫中DS				复水后15d ARD 15
		茎鞘 Stem	叶片 Leaf	穗 Panicle		茎鞘 Stem	叶片 Leaf	穗 Panicle		茎鞘 Stem	叶片 Leaf	穗 Panicle
		茎鞘 Stem	叶片 Leaf	穗 Panicle	扬两优6号 YLY6	茎鞘 Stem	叶片 Leaf	穗 Panicle	F	茎鞘 Stem	叶片 Leaf	穗 Panicle	53.0 a	32.0 a	15.0 a	41.0 a	23.0 a	36.0 b	34.0 a	18.0 a	48.0 b
MS	51.0 a	33.0 a	16.0 a		扬两优6号 YLY6	41.0 a	19.0 b	40.0 a		34.0 a	15.0 b	51.0 a
旱优113 HY113	F	50.0 a	31.0 a	19.0 a		39.0 a	24.0 a	37.0 b		38.0 a	18.0 b	44.0 a
旱优113 HY113	MS	50.0 a	32.0 a	18.0 a		39.0 a	22.0 b	39.0 a		39.0 a	20.0 a	41.0 b

图3 灌浆期干旱及复水对叶片水势和气叶温差的影响 YLY6–扬两优6号;HY113–旱优113;F–传统淹水灌溉;MS–灌浆期干旱胁迫;BDS–干旱胁迫处理前;DS–干旱胁迫中;ARD 15–干旱胁迫结束,复水后15 d。

Fig. 3. Effect of drought stress and rehydration at grain filling stage on leaf water potential and air-leaf temperature gap YLY6, Yangliangyou 6; HY113, Hanyou 113; F, Traditional flooding; MS, Drought stress at grain filling stage; BDS, Before drought stress; DS, Drought stress; ARD 15, 15 days after rehydration. ARD2, Two days after rehydration.

图4 灌浆期干旱及复水对叶片光合速率的影响 YLY6–扬两优6号;HY113–旱优113;F–传统淹水灌溉;MS–灌浆期干旱胁迫;BDS–干旱胁迫处理前;DS–干旱胁迫中;ARD 15–干旱胁迫结束,复水后15 d。

Fig. 4. Effect of drought stress and rehydration at grain filling stage on leaf photosynthetic rate YLY6, Yangliangyou 6; HY113, Hanyou 113; F, Traditional flooding; MS, Drought stress at grain filling stage; BDS, Before drought stress; DS, Drought stress; ARD 15, 15 days after rehydration. ARD2, Two days after rehydration.

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