不同光照条件下减穴稳苗配置对水稻茎鞘干物质积累转运特性的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240904

中国水稻科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 665-678.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240904

不同光照条件下减穴稳苗配置对水稻茎鞘干物质积累转运特性的影响

刘钰婷¹^,^#, 周星¹^,^#, 何辰延¹, 李秋萍¹, 艾小凤¹, 袁玉洁¹, 刘睿¹, 杨景文¹, 刘婷婷¹, 王丽¹, 程红¹, 黄蓉², 李奥运², 胡文², 胡忠², 任万军¹^,^*(), 邓飞¹^,^*()

¹四川农业大学农学院/西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，四川温江 611130
²汉源县农业农村局，四川汉源 625300

收稿日期:2024-09-09 修回日期:2024-12-15 出版日期:2025-09-10 发布日期:2025-09-10
通讯作者: ^*email: rwjun@126.com,
email: ddf273634096@163.com
作者简介:第一联系人：^#共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFD2300701);国家自然科学基金资助项目(32372217);国家自然科学基金资助项目(U20A2022)

Effects of Reducing Hill Density While Maintaining Plant Population on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transport in Rice Stem and Sheath Under Different Light Conditions

LIU Yuting¹^,^#, ZHOU Xing¹^,^#, HE Chenyan¹, LI Qiuping¹, AI Xiaofeng¹, YUAN Yujie¹, LIU Rui¹, YANG Jingwen¹, LIU Tingting¹, WANG Li¹, CHENG Hong¹, HUANG Rong², LI Aoyun², HU Wen², HU Zhong², REN Wanjun¹^,^*(), DENG Fei¹^,^*()

¹College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Southwest State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource Discovery and Utilisation/Southwest Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wenjiang 611130, China
²y Agricultural and Rural Affairs Bureau of Hanyuan County, Hanyuan 625300, China

Received:2024-09-09 Revised:2024-12-15 Online:2025-09-10 Published:2025-09-10
About author:First author contact:^#These authors contributed equally to this work

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确弱光胁迫下田间配置对茎鞘干物质积累转运特性的影响，为弱光稻区健康群体塑造技术的改良提供理论和实践依据。【方法】以宜香优2115为材料，于2021—2022年在四川省汉源县和温江区设置不同光照(自然光照和遮光50%)和田间配置(常规密植和减穴稳苗)试验，研究了不同光照条件下田间配置对水稻节间和叶鞘干物质积累转运特性的影响。【结果】1）除2022年温江生态点外，弱光胁迫导致成熟期水稻各节间和叶鞘干物量均不同程度降低，节间和叶鞘总干物量分别显著降低22.68%~30.12%和6.45%~15.64%，但显著增加了节间和叶鞘总干物质转运量、转运率和贡献率。2）与常规密植相比，减穴稳苗可有效增加不同光照条件下各时期节间(除2022年弱光胁迫下温江生态点外)与叶鞘总干物量，促进弱光胁迫下节间和叶鞘干物质的转运再利用，使温江和汉源生态点成熟期单穗重分别增加1.51%~6.03%和5.70%~10.37%。3）不同光照条件下，产量品质与干物质积累转运特性相关性差异明显。弱光胁迫下，节间干物质转运量、转运率和贡献率与产量正相关，与垩白粒率和垩白度极显著负相关。【结论】弱光胁迫下，水稻通过增强茎鞘，特别是节间干物质的转运再利用以维持穗部的物质供给，减穴稳苗则在提升抽穗前节间和叶鞘干物质积累的基础上，促进其抽穗后的转运以降低弱光胁迫对水稻产量和品质的不利影响。

关键词: 水稻, 弱光胁迫, 田间配置, 茎鞘, 物质积累转运

Abstract:

【Objective】To clarify the effect of field configuration on dry matter accumulation and transport of culm and sheath under low light stress, and to provide a theoretical and practical basis for improving optimum canopy establishment technology in low light rice growing areas【Methods】 Using Yixiangyou 2115 as the material, experiments with different light conditions (natural light and 50% shading) and field configurations [conventional dense planting(CDP) and reducing hill density while maintaining plant population (RHMPP)] were conducted in Hanyuan County and Wenjiang District of Sichuan Province from 2021 to 2022. The effects of field configuration on dry matter accumulation and transport in rice internodes and leaf sheaths under different light conditions were studied.【Result】(1) Except for the Wenjiang site in 2022, low light stress significantly reduced the dry matter weight of individual internode and leaf sheath at maturity, which in turn significantly decreased the total dry matter weight of internodes and leaf sheaths by 22.68%−30.12% and 6.45%−15.64%, respectively, but significantly increased their total dry matter transport amount, transport rate, and contribution rate. (2) Compared with CDP, RHMPP could effectively increase the total dry matter weight of internodes(except at Wenjiang site under low light stress in 2022) and leaf sheaths during different growth stages under different light conditions, and promote the transport and reutilization of dry matter in internodes and leaf sheaths under low light stress, resulting in a 1.51%−6.03% and 5.70%−10.37% increase in single-panicle weight at maturity at Wenjiang and Hanyuan sites, respectively. (3) Under different light conditions, the correlation between grain yield, quality and dry matter accumulation and transport characteristics differed significantly. Under low light stress, the dry matter transport amount, transport rate, and contribution rate of internodes were positively correlated with grain yield, but highly significantly negatively correlated with the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree. 【Conclusion】Under low light stress, rice maintains assimilate supply to panicles by enhancing the transport and reuse of culm and sheath, especially the dry matter of internodes. RHMPP, by improving pre-heading dry matter accumulation in the internodes and leaves promotes their transport thereby reducing the adverse effects of low light stress on rice yield and quality.

Key words: rice, low light stress, field configuration, stem and sheath, dry matter accumulation and transport

刘钰婷, 周星, 何辰延, 李秋萍, 艾小凤, 袁玉洁, 刘睿, 杨景文, 刘婷婷, 王丽, 程红, 黄蓉, 李奥运, 胡文, 胡忠, 任万军, 邓飞. 不同光照条件下减穴稳苗配置对水稻茎鞘干物质积累转运特性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2025, 39(5): 665-678.

LIU Yuting, ZHOU Xing, HE Chenyan, LI Qiuping, AI Xiaofeng, YUAN Yujie, LIU Rui, YANG Jingwen, LIU Tingting, WANG Li, CHENG Hong, HUANG Rong, LI Aoyun, HU Wen, HU Zhong, REN Wanjun, DENG Fei. Effects of Reducing Hill Density While Maintaining Plant Population on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transport in Rice Stem and Sheath Under Different Light Conditions[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2025, 39(5): 665-678.

图/表 8

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指标 Index	温江 Wenjiang		汉源 Hanyuan
指标 Index	2021	2022	2021	2022
有机质Organic matter (g/kg)	22.22	23.78	35.73	33.18
全氮Total N content (g/kg)	1.55	1.55	2.15	1.84
全磷Total P content (g/kg)	1.21	0.88	1.78	1.95
全钾Total K content (g/kg)	19.36	19.24	30.28	23.53
碱解氮Available N (mg/kg)	95.84	98.06	154.30	159.39
速效磷Available P (mg/kg)	59.08	55.05	231.40	235.05
速效钾Available K (mg/kg)	159.01	150.33	481.02	387.57
日平均温度Daily mean temperature (℃)	23.82	24.88	21.41	23.16
降雨量Precipitation (mm)	639.30	742.30	517.40	427.52
总辐射Total radiation (MJ/m²)	2207.05	1853.75	2778.72	3023.70

指标 Index	温江 Wenjiang		汉源 Hanyuan
指标 Index	2021	2022	2021	2022
有机质Organic matter (g/kg)	22.22	23.78	35.73	33.18
全氮Total N content (g/kg)	1.55	1.55	2.15	1.84
全磷Total P content (g/kg)	1.21	0.88	1.78	1.95
全钾Total K content (g/kg)	19.36	19.24	30.28	23.53
碱解氮Available N (mg/kg)	95.84	98.06	154.30	159.39
速效磷Available P (mg/kg)	59.08	55.05	231.40	235.05
速效钾Available K (mg/kg)	159.01	150.33	481.02	387.57
日平均温度Daily mean temperature (℃)	23.82	24.88	21.41	23.16
降雨量Precipitation (mm)	639.30	742.30	517.40	427.52
总辐射Total radiation (MJ/m²)	2207.05	1853.75	2778.72	3023.70

光照处理 Light treatment	田间配置 Field configuration	总转运量 Total transshipment (mg/internode)		总转运率 Total transport rate (%)		总贡献率 Total contribution rate (%)
光照处理 Light treatment	田间配置 Field configuration	温江 Wenjiang	汉源 Hanyuan	温江 Wenjiang	汉源 Hanyuan	温江 Wenjiang	汉源 Hanyuan
2021
对照CK	常规密植CDP	37.83 b	149.67 c	1.77 b	9.05 c	0.69 b	3.27 c
对照CK	减穴稳苗RHMPP	150.00 b	132.67 c	7.37 b	6.85 c	2.58 b	2.68 c
遮光SH	常规密植CDP	571.33 a	490.50 b	29.53 a	29.78 b	12.53 a	14.31 b
遮光SH	减穴稳苗RHMPP	588.33 a	670.67 a	29.18 a	34.93 a	12.56 a	17.74 a
F值 F-value	光照处理Light treatment(L)	36.97^**	220.41^**	39.64^**	283.72^**	42.32^**	339.89^**
	田间配置Field configuration(F)	0.65	7.60^*	0.44	1.04	0.33	4.02
	光照处理×田间配置L×F	0.36	11.09^**	0.57	6.45^*	0.31	8.10^*
2022
对照CK	常规密植CDP	311.33 a	127.17 b	17.28 a	7.43 b	6.16 ab	1.90 c
对照CK	减穴稳苗RHMPP	360.85 a	−54.67 c	19.00 a	−3.15 c	6.73 a	−0.77 d
遮光SH	常规密植CDP	26.73 c	486.17 a	1.46 c	28.43 a	0.63 c	8.53 a
遮光SH	减穴稳苗RHMPP	229.98 b	457.17 a	12.11 b	26.35 a	5.25 b	7.31 b
F值 F-value	光照处理Light treatment (L)	121.80^**	522.42^**	129.86^**	570.99^**	65.39^**	712.59^**
	田间配置Field configuration (F)	45.08^**	30.62^**	38.54^**	35.84^**	35.95^**	49.94^**
	光照处理×田间配置L×F	16.68^**	16.09^**	20.05^**	16.17^**	21.94^**	6.83^*

光照处理 Light treatment	田间配置 Field configuration	总转运量 Total transshipment (mg/internode)		总转运率 Total transport rate (%)		总贡献率 Total contribution rate (%)
光照处理 Light treatment	田间配置 Field configuration	温江 Wenjiang	汉源 Hanyuan	温江 Wenjiang	汉源 Hanyuan	温江 Wenjiang	汉源 Hanyuan
2021
对照CK	常规密植CDP	37.83 b	149.67 c	1.77 b	9.05 c	0.69 b	3.27 c
对照CK	减穴稳苗RHMPP	150.00 b	132.67 c	7.37 b	6.85 c	2.58 b	2.68 c
遮光SH	常规密植CDP	571.33 a	490.50 b	29.53 a	29.78 b	12.53 a	14.31 b
遮光SH	减穴稳苗RHMPP	588.33 a	670.67 a	29.18 a	34.93 a	12.56 a	17.74 a
F值 F-value	光照处理Light treatment(L)	36.97^**	220.41^**	39.64^**	283.72^**	42.32^**	339.89^**
	田间配置Field configuration(F)	0.65	7.60^*	0.44	1.04	0.33	4.02
	光照处理×田间配置L×F	0.36	11.09^**	0.57	6.45^*	0.31	8.10^*
2022
对照CK	常规密植CDP	311.33 a	127.17 b	17.28 a	7.43 b	6.16 ab	1.90 c
对照CK	减穴稳苗RHMPP	360.85 a	−54.67 c	19.00 a	−3.15 c	6.73 a	−0.77 d
遮光SH	常规密植CDP	26.73 c	486.17 a	1.46 c	28.43 a	0.63 c	8.53 a
遮光SH	减穴稳苗RHMPP	229.98 b	457.17 a	12.11 b	26.35 a	5.25 b	7.31 b
F值 F-value	光照处理Light treatment (L)	121.80^**	522.42^**	129.86^**	570.99^**	65.39^**	712.59^**
	田间配置Field configuration (F)	45.08^**	30.62^**	38.54^**	35.84^**	35.95^**	49.94^**
	光照处理×田间配置L×F	16.68^**	16.09^**	20.05^**	16.17^**	21.94^**	6.83^*

光照处理 Light treatment		田间配置 Field configuration	总转运量 Total transportation (mg/sheath)		总转运率 Total transport rate(%)		总贡献率 Total contribution rate(%)
光照处理 Light treatment		田间配置 Field configuration	温江 Wenjiang	汉源 Hanyuan	温江 Wenjiang	汉源 Hanyuan	温江 Wenjiang	汉源 Hanyuan
2021
对照CK	常规密植CDP		388.17 a	519.67 c	18.33 a	29.67 c	6.95 a	11.39 c
对照CK	减穴稳苗RHMPP		427.17 a	566.83 bc	19.53 a	28.77 c	7.34 a	11.44 c
遮光SH	常规密植CDP		573.83 a	599.17 b	27.04 a	34.21 b	12.56 a	17.50 b
遮光SH	减穴稳苗RHMPP		556.00 a	786.00 a	25.55 a	39.92 a	11.87 a	20.78 a
F值 F-value	光照处理Light treatment (L)		3.91	61.85^**	5.05	97.06^**	9.65^*	434.63^**
	田间配置Field configuration (F)		0.02	37.97^**	0.00	9.14^*	0.01	20.19^**
	光照处理×田间配置L×F		0.13	13.53^**	0.17	17.20^**	0.11	18.96^**
2022
对照CK	常规密植CDP		577.82 b	361.33 c	26.44 a	17.84 c	11.42 a	5.38 b
对照CK	减穴稳苗RHMPP		643.42 a	361.33 c	27.38 a	17.02 c	11.99 a	5.09 b
遮光SH	常规密植CDP		468.88 c	525.00 b	21.46 b	25.93 b	11.11 a	9.21 a
遮光SH	减穴稳苗RHMPP		499.55 c	627.17 a	21.26 b	29.55 a	11.41 a	10.03 a
F值 F-value	光照处理Light treatment (L)		58.14^**	143.35^**	69.90^**	205.24^**	1.78	302.52^**
	田间配置Field configuration (F)		8.43^*	8.11^*	0.31	3.79	1.69	1.08
	光照处理×田间配置L×F		1.11	8.11^*	0.73	9.53^*	0.18	4.79

不同光照条件下减穴稳苗配置对水稻茎鞘干物质积累转运特性的影响

Effects of Reducing Hill Density While Maintaining Plant Population on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transport in Rice Stem and Sheath Under Different Light Conditions

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Metrics

光照处理 Light treatment	指标 Index	有效穗数 Panicle number (×10⁴/hm²)	每穗颖花数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate(%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)	产量 Grain yield (t/hm²)
对照处理 CK	抽穗期节间干物质量 Internode dry matter weight at heading stage	−0.56^**	−0.18	−0.46^*	0.59^**	−0.60^**
	抽穗期叶鞘干物质量 Sheath dry matter weight at heading stage	−0.87^**	0.28	−0.44^*	0.51^*	−0.58^**
	成熟期节间干物质量 Internode dry matter weight at maturity	−0.10	−0.02	−0.08	0.40	−0.03
	成熟期叶鞘干物质量 Sheath dry matter weight at maturity	−0.73^**	0.42^*	−0.32	0.54^**	−0.30
	节间干物质转运量 Internode dry matter remobilization amount	−0.37	−0.14	−0.31	0.06	−0.50^*
	叶鞘干物质转运量 Sheath dry matter remobilization amount	−0.11	−0.25	−0.13	−0.10	−0.36
	节间干物质转运率 Internode stored dry matter remobilization rate	−0.33	−0.15	−0.29	0.02	−0.47^*
	叶鞘干物质转运率 Sheath stored dry matter remobilization rate	0.22	−0.36	0.04	−0.29	−0.14
	节间干物质贡献率 Contribution rate of internode remobilized dry matter	−0.34	−0.15	−0.30	0.03	−0.49^*
	叶鞘干物质贡献率 Contribution rate of sheath remobilized dry matter	0.03	−0.39	−0.14	−0.16	−0.35
遮光处理 SH	抽穗期节间干物质量 Internode dry matter weight at heading stage	−0.62^**	−0.49^*	−0.41^*	0.69^**	−0.63^**
	抽穗期叶鞘干物质量 Sheath dry matter weight at heading stage	−0.89^**	0.11	−0.49^*	0.67^**	−0.57^**
	成熟期节间干物质量 Internode dry matter weight at maturity	−0.84^**	−0.05	−0.72^**	0.64^**	−0.77^**
	成熟期叶鞘干物质量 Sheath dry matter weight at maturity	−0.91^**	0.19	−0.67^**	0.68^**	−0.61^**
	节间干物质转运量 Internode dry matter remobilization amount	0.48^*	−0.24	0.50^*	−0.24	0.41^*
	叶鞘干物质转运量 Sheath dry matter remobilization amount	0.51^*	−0.24	0.63^**	−0.39	0.39
	节间干物质转运率 Internode stored dry matter remobilization rate	0.61^**	−0.16	0.58^**	−0.37	0.54^**
	叶鞘干物质转运率 Sheath stored dry matter remobilization rate	0.75^**	−0.26	0.70^**	−0.57^**	0.51^*
	节间干物质贡献率 Contribution rate of internode remobilized dry matter	0.55^**	−0.47^*	0.45^*	−0.26	0.28
	叶鞘干物质贡献率 Contribution rate of sheath remobilized dry matter	0.51^*	−0.59^**	0.37	−0.29	0.07

光照处理 Light treatment	指标 Index	精米率 Milled rice rate(%)	整精米率 Head rice rate (%)	垩白粒率 Chalky rice rate(%)	垩白度 Chalkiness degree(%)
对照处理 CK	抽穗期节间干物质量 Internode dry matter weight at heading stage	0.27	0.20	−0.20	−0.25
	抽穗期叶鞘干物质量 Sheath dry matter weight at heading stage	−0.26	−0.01	0.40	0.43^*
	成熟期节间干物质量 Internode dry matter weight at maturity	0.68^**	0.76^**	−0.76^**	−0.76^**
	成熟期叶鞘干物质量 Sheath dry matter weight at maturity	0.01	0.46^*	−0.04	0.05
	节间干物质转运量 Internode dry matter remobilization amount	−0.55^**	−0.71^**	0.71^**	0.66^**
	叶鞘干物质转运量 Sheath dry matter remobilization amount	−0.37	−0.70^**	0.60^**	0.53^**
	节间干物质转运率 Internode stored dry matter remobilization rate	−0.58^**	−0.74^**	0.73^**	0.68^**
	叶鞘干物质转运率 Remobilization rate of sheath stored dry matter	−0.28	−0.72^**	0.46^*	0.36
	节间干物质贡献率 Contribution rate of internode remobilized dry matter	−0.57^**	−0.78^**	0.74^**	0.68^**
	叶鞘干物质贡献率 Contribution rate of sheath remobilized dry matter	−0.32	−0.79^**	0.56^**	0.46^*
遮光处理 SH	抽穗期节间干物质量 Internode dry matter weight at heading stage	0.68^**	0.62^**	−0.38	−0.68^**
	抽穗期叶鞘干物质量 Sheath dry matter weight at heading stage	0.05	0.22	0.20	−0.04
	成熟期节间干物质量 Internode dry matter weight at maturity	0.05	−0.11	0.56^**	0.23
	成熟期叶鞘干物质量 Sheath dry matter weight at maturity	−0.09	0.13	0.30	0.09
	节间干物质转运量 Internode dry matter remobilization amount	0.36	0.48^*	−0.80^**	−0.64^**
	叶鞘干物质转运量 Sheath dry matter remobilization amount	0.28	0.09	−0.32	−0.26
	节间干物质转运率 Internode stored dry matter remobilization rate	0.25	0.38	−0.76^**	−0.54^**
	叶鞘干物质转运率 Sheath stored dry matter remobilization rate	0.21	−0.06	−0.30	−0.17
	节间干物质贡献率 Contribution rate of internode remobilized dry matter	0.46^*	0.28	−0.64^**	−0.57^**
	叶鞘干物质贡献率 Contribution rate of sheath remobilized dry matter	0.40	−0.20	−0.08	−0.16

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