中国水稻科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 347-356.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8140
收稿日期:
2018-12-24
修回日期:
2019-02-21
出版日期:
2019-07-10
发布日期:
2019-07-10
通讯作者:
朱建强
基金资助:
Jun YAN1,2, Qixia WU1, Jianqiang ZHU1,*(), Luping ZHANG3
Received:
2018-12-24
Revised:
2019-02-21
Online:
2019-07-10
Published:
2019-07-10
Contact:
Jianqiang ZHU
摘要:
【目的】为合理利用水稻生长期间的降雨,改善江汉平原地区稻田氮肥管理。【方法】采用田间小区试验,研究了常规淹灌(FI)和适雨灌溉(RAI)条件下,农民习惯施肥(FFP)、30%尿素+70%控释掺混肥(30%N+70%CRF)和优化减氮施肥(OPT-N)对降雨利用率、水稻产量、光合特性、干物质积累及氮吸收利用的影响。【结果】1)RAI能在节省水资源同时提升稻田对雨水的储蓄和利用能力,与FI相比可减少田间灌溉水量41.7%,各生育阶段水稻叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)、干物质积累、氮素吸收以及产量均有不同程度的增加;2)两种水管理方式下,与FFP处理相比,OPT-N处理水稻在分蘖期的Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr、干物质积累和氮素吸收显著降低,但在孕穗期-灌浆期有所增加,对最终产量形成影响不大;RAI结合30%N+70%CRF处理有利于水稻生育前期Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr的增加,提升生育中后期干物质积累量,氮素吸收量在分蘖期显著高于OPT-N和FFP,在齐穗期和成熟期显著高于FFP,有效穗数、穗长、千粒质量和结实率在各处理间表现最高,实际产量相较常规水肥管理可增产10.4%。【结论】适雨灌溉条件下,OPT-N不会显著影响水稻的生长及产量,30%N+70%CRF有助于水稻光合作用、氮素吸收及产量的增加。
中图分类号:
晏军, 吴启侠, 朱建强, 张露萍. 适雨灌溉下氮肥运筹对水稻光合特性、氮素吸收及产量形成的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(4): 347-356.
Jun YAN, Qixia WU, Jianqiang ZHU, Luping ZHANG. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Rice Photosynthetic Characteristics, Nitrogen Uptake and Grain Yield Formation Under Rainfall-adapted Water Management[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019, 33(4): 347-356.
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment | 施肥量 Fertilizer rate(N-P2O5-K2O) | 基肥 Base-manure amounts | 分蘖初期 TS | 幼穗分化期 PDS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
控释掺混肥 CRF | 普通复合肥 CF | 尿素 Urea | 过磷酸钙 S | 氯化钾 MP | 尿素 Urea | 尿素 Urea | ||
农民习惯施肥FFP | 180-75-105 | 0.0 | 700.0 | 0.0 | 158.3 | 0.0 | 117.4 | 0.0 |
30%N+70%CRF | 180-75-105 | 450.0 | 0.0 | 117.4 | 437.5 | 107.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
优化减氮施肥OPT-N | 150-75-105 | 0.0 | 416.7 | 0.0 | 347.2 | 70.8 | 114.1 | 48.9 |
表1 试验施肥方案
Table 1 Fertilization scheme of experiment kg/hm2
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment | 施肥量 Fertilizer rate(N-P2O5-K2O) | 基肥 Base-manure amounts | 分蘖初期 TS | 幼穗分化期 PDS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
控释掺混肥 CRF | 普通复合肥 CF | 尿素 Urea | 过磷酸钙 S | 氯化钾 MP | 尿素 Urea | 尿素 Urea | ||
农民习惯施肥FFP | 180-75-105 | 0.0 | 700.0 | 0.0 | 158.3 | 0.0 | 117.4 | 0.0 |
30%N+70%CRF | 180-75-105 | 450.0 | 0.0 | 117.4 | 437.5 | 107.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
优化减氮施肥OPT-N | 150-75-105 | 0.0 | 416.7 | 0.0 | 347.2 | 70.8 | 114.1 | 48.9 |
光合特征指标 Indicators of photosynthetic characteristics | 处理 Treatment | 生育期 Growth stage | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
分蘖期 Tillering | 拔节期 Jointing | 孕穗期 Booting | 齐穗期 Full-heading | 灌浆期 Filling | 乳熟期 Maturity | |||
Pn/(μmol·m-2s-1) | FI | FFP | 23.6±3.0 b | 24.9±1.4 ab | 21.2±5.4 b | 26.0±0.8 a | 15.9±3.4 a | 7.3±1.4 b |
30%N+70%CRF | 25.2±4.0 a | 25.5±1.7 a | 21.7±3.6 b | 25.5±1.3 a | 16.4±2.0 a | 9.9±2.5 a | ||
OPT-N | 21.7±3.2 b | 23.6±1.5 b | 26.8±5.1 a | 26.6±2.3 a | 16.7±2.0 a | 11.0±3.2 a | ||
RAI | FFP | 24.5±3.6 b | 26.0±2.3 a | 21.8±3.1 b | 26.5±2.4 a | 16.0±3.3 a | 8.1±2.8 b | |
30%N+70%CRF | 27.7±1.8 a | 25.4±2.1 a | 24.6±3.0 ab | 26.4±1.9 a | 17.4±2.2 a | 7.4±2.3 b | ||
OPT-N | 22.0±2.3 b | 24.8±1.3 a | 25.9±2.9 a | 26.2±2.9 a | 16.7±2.2 a | 11.2±2.9 a | ||
Gs/(mol·m-2s-1) | FI | FFP | 0.5±0.1 b | 0.4±0.1 a | 0.4±0.1 ab | 0.5±0.1 ab | 0.8±0.2 a | 0.2±0.03 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 0.6±0.1 a | 0.4±0.1 a | 0.3±0.1 b | 0.5±0.1 b | 0.5±0.1 b | 0.2±0.04 a | ||
OPT-N | 0.6±0.1 a | 0.5±0.1 a | 0.5±0.1 a | 0.6±0.1 a | 0.7±0.1 a | 0.3±0.03 a | ||
RAI | FFP | 0.4±0.2 b | 0.4±0.2 b | 0.4±0.1 b | 0.6±0.1 ab | 0.7±0.2 a | 0.2±0.05 b | |
30%N+70%CRF | 0.6±0.1 a | 0.4±0.1 b | 0.4±0.1 ab | 0.5±0.1 b | 0.6±0.1 a | 0.3±0.1 ab | ||
OPT-N | 0.7±0.1 a | 0.6±0.1 a | 0.5±0.1 a | 0.6±0.1 a | 0.7±0.1 a | 0.3±0.04 a | ||
Ci/(μmol·mol-1) | FI | FFP | 285.2±33.4 b | 241.0±38.5 a | 289.0±18.8 a | 294.0±5.7 a | 323.9±15.4 a | 355.3±8.7 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 325.3±10.3 a | 249.7±26.6 a | 271.2±27.5 a | 287.1±12.4 a | 318.3±5.4 a | 323.2±16.1 b | ||
OPT-N | 301.8±13.7 b | 261.9±15.0 a | 273.1±18.6 a | 293.4±7.7 a | 318.5±8.2 a | 346.8±23.8 ab | ||
RAI | FFP | 305.5±16.4 b | 253.2±21.9 b | 300.2±8.8 a | 292.9±7.5 a | 319.9±11.5 a | 354.0±18.1 b | |
30%N+70%CRF | 326.2±14.9 a | 288.3±10.2 a | 285.8±10.6 b | 294.9±11.0 a | 327.9±6.1 a | 320.6±17.9 a | ||
OPT-N | 330.1±8.0 a | 254.4±22.6 b | 280.6±7.2 b | 295.4±9.2 a | 327.0±9.1 a | 335.1±19.6 a | ||
Tr/(mmol·m-2s-1) | FI | FFP | 4.4±0.9 b | 3.0±0.8 a | 4.2±0.7 b | 5.9±0.5 b | 4.3±0.4 b | 5.5±0.4 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 6.1±0.6 a | 3.4±0.6 a | 4.3±0.8 b | 6.0±0.6 ab | 4.7±0.3 ab | 5.9±0.8 ab | ||
OPT-N | 6.4±0.6 a | 3.5±0.6 a | 5.6±0.9 a | 6.4±0.3 a | 5.2±0.4 a | 6.3±0.5 b | ||
RAI | FFP | 4.5±1.2 b | 3.0±1.0 b | 4.6±0.4 b | 6.0±0.7 b | 4.9±0.5 a | 5.0±1.0 b | |
30%N+70%CRF | 6.9±0.6 a | 4.9±0.9 a | 5.4±0.6 a | 6.1±0.4 ab | 4.9±0.4 a | 5.8±0.7 a | ||
OPT-N | 7.1±0.5 a | 3.4±0.7 b | 5.8±0.6 a | 6.6±0.6 a | 5.0±0.5 a | 6.4±0.5 a |
表2 不同水肥管理对水稻不同生育期光合特征的影响
Table 2 Effect of photosynthetic characteristics at different rice growth stages under different water and fertilizer managements.
光合特征指标 Indicators of photosynthetic characteristics | 处理 Treatment | 生育期 Growth stage | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
分蘖期 Tillering | 拔节期 Jointing | 孕穗期 Booting | 齐穗期 Full-heading | 灌浆期 Filling | 乳熟期 Maturity | |||
Pn/(μmol·m-2s-1) | FI | FFP | 23.6±3.0 b | 24.9±1.4 ab | 21.2±5.4 b | 26.0±0.8 a | 15.9±3.4 a | 7.3±1.4 b |
30%N+70%CRF | 25.2±4.0 a | 25.5±1.7 a | 21.7±3.6 b | 25.5±1.3 a | 16.4±2.0 a | 9.9±2.5 a | ||
OPT-N | 21.7±3.2 b | 23.6±1.5 b | 26.8±5.1 a | 26.6±2.3 a | 16.7±2.0 a | 11.0±3.2 a | ||
RAI | FFP | 24.5±3.6 b | 26.0±2.3 a | 21.8±3.1 b | 26.5±2.4 a | 16.0±3.3 a | 8.1±2.8 b | |
30%N+70%CRF | 27.7±1.8 a | 25.4±2.1 a | 24.6±3.0 ab | 26.4±1.9 a | 17.4±2.2 a | 7.4±2.3 b | ||
OPT-N | 22.0±2.3 b | 24.8±1.3 a | 25.9±2.9 a | 26.2±2.9 a | 16.7±2.2 a | 11.2±2.9 a | ||
Gs/(mol·m-2s-1) | FI | FFP | 0.5±0.1 b | 0.4±0.1 a | 0.4±0.1 ab | 0.5±0.1 ab | 0.8±0.2 a | 0.2±0.03 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 0.6±0.1 a | 0.4±0.1 a | 0.3±0.1 b | 0.5±0.1 b | 0.5±0.1 b | 0.2±0.04 a | ||
OPT-N | 0.6±0.1 a | 0.5±0.1 a | 0.5±0.1 a | 0.6±0.1 a | 0.7±0.1 a | 0.3±0.03 a | ||
RAI | FFP | 0.4±0.2 b | 0.4±0.2 b | 0.4±0.1 b | 0.6±0.1 ab | 0.7±0.2 a | 0.2±0.05 b | |
30%N+70%CRF | 0.6±0.1 a | 0.4±0.1 b | 0.4±0.1 ab | 0.5±0.1 b | 0.6±0.1 a | 0.3±0.1 ab | ||
OPT-N | 0.7±0.1 a | 0.6±0.1 a | 0.5±0.1 a | 0.6±0.1 a | 0.7±0.1 a | 0.3±0.04 a | ||
Ci/(μmol·mol-1) | FI | FFP | 285.2±33.4 b | 241.0±38.5 a | 289.0±18.8 a | 294.0±5.7 a | 323.9±15.4 a | 355.3±8.7 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 325.3±10.3 a | 249.7±26.6 a | 271.2±27.5 a | 287.1±12.4 a | 318.3±5.4 a | 323.2±16.1 b | ||
OPT-N | 301.8±13.7 b | 261.9±15.0 a | 273.1±18.6 a | 293.4±7.7 a | 318.5±8.2 a | 346.8±23.8 ab | ||
RAI | FFP | 305.5±16.4 b | 253.2±21.9 b | 300.2±8.8 a | 292.9±7.5 a | 319.9±11.5 a | 354.0±18.1 b | |
30%N+70%CRF | 326.2±14.9 a | 288.3±10.2 a | 285.8±10.6 b | 294.9±11.0 a | 327.9±6.1 a | 320.6±17.9 a | ||
OPT-N | 330.1±8.0 a | 254.4±22.6 b | 280.6±7.2 b | 295.4±9.2 a | 327.0±9.1 a | 335.1±19.6 a | ||
Tr/(mmol·m-2s-1) | FI | FFP | 4.4±0.9 b | 3.0±0.8 a | 4.2±0.7 b | 5.9±0.5 b | 4.3±0.4 b | 5.5±0.4 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 6.1±0.6 a | 3.4±0.6 a | 4.3±0.8 b | 6.0±0.6 ab | 4.7±0.3 ab | 5.9±0.8 ab | ||
OPT-N | 6.4±0.6 a | 3.5±0.6 a | 5.6±0.9 a | 6.4±0.3 a | 5.2±0.4 a | 6.3±0.5 b | ||
RAI | FFP | 4.5±1.2 b | 3.0±1.0 b | 4.6±0.4 b | 6.0±0.7 b | 4.9±0.5 a | 5.0±1.0 b | |
30%N+70%CRF | 6.9±0.6 a | 4.9±0.9 a | 5.4±0.6 a | 6.1±0.4 ab | 4.9±0.4 a | 5.8±0.7 a | ||
OPT-N | 7.1±0.5 a | 3.4±0.7 b | 5.8±0.6 a | 6.6±0.6 a | 5.0±0.5 a | 6.4±0.5 a |
处理 Treatment | 干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation/(t·hm-2) | 各生育阶段干物质量所占比例 Proportion of dry matter accumulation in each growth stage/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
分蘖期 Tillering | 齐穗期 Full-heading | 成熟期 Maturity | 移栽-分蘖期 Transplanting-Tillering | 分蘖期-齐穗期 Tillering-Heading | 齐穗期-成熟期 Heading-Maturity | ||
FI | FFP | 1.9±0.1 a | 6.1±0.4 b | 13.4±2.2 a | 14.3 a | 31.2 b | 54.5 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 2.3±0.3 a | 8.8±0.9 a | 15.0±1.9 a | 15.4 a | 42.8 a | 41.8 b | |
OPT-N | 1.4±0.3 b | 6.6±0.3 b | 14.8±2.3 a | 9.7 b | 34.7 b | 55.6 a | |
RAI | FFP | 2.1±0.2 b | 9.0±1.0 a | 13.1±1.2 b | 15.9 ab | 52.6 a | 31.5 b |
30%N+70%CRF | 2.9±0.3 a | 10.5±2.4 a | 16.7±0.8 a | 17.1 a | 45.9 a | 37.0 a | |
OPT-N | 1.7±0.2 c | 9.4±1.5 a | 15.2±1.3 ab | 11.4 b | 50.7 a | 37.9 a |
表3 不同水肥管理对水稻不同生育期地上部干物质积累量影响
Table 3 Amount of dry matter accumulation at different growth stages of rice under different water and fertilizer managements.
处理 Treatment | 干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation/(t·hm-2) | 各生育阶段干物质量所占比例 Proportion of dry matter accumulation in each growth stage/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
分蘖期 Tillering | 齐穗期 Full-heading | 成熟期 Maturity | 移栽-分蘖期 Transplanting-Tillering | 分蘖期-齐穗期 Tillering-Heading | 齐穗期-成熟期 Heading-Maturity | ||
FI | FFP | 1.9±0.1 a | 6.1±0.4 b | 13.4±2.2 a | 14.3 a | 31.2 b | 54.5 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 2.3±0.3 a | 8.8±0.9 a | 15.0±1.9 a | 15.4 a | 42.8 a | 41.8 b | |
OPT-N | 1.4±0.3 b | 6.6±0.3 b | 14.8±2.3 a | 9.7 b | 34.7 b | 55.6 a | |
RAI | FFP | 2.1±0.2 b | 9.0±1.0 a | 13.1±1.2 b | 15.9 ab | 52.6 a | 31.5 b |
30%N+70%CRF | 2.9±0.3 a | 10.5±2.4 a | 16.7±0.8 a | 17.1 a | 45.9 a | 37.0 a | |
OPT-N | 1.7±0.2 c | 9.4±1.5 a | 15.2±1.3 ab | 11.4 b | 50.7 a | 37.9 a |
处理 Treatment | 氮吸收量 N accumulation/(kg·hm-2) | 各生育阶段氮吸收量所占比例 Proportion of N accumulation in each growth stage/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
分蘖期 Tillering | 齐穗期 Heading | 成熟期 Maturity | 移栽-分蘖期 Transplanting-Tillering | 分蘖期-齐穗期 Tillering-Heading | 齐穗期-成熟期 Heading-Maturity | ||
FI | FFP | 41.5±5.5 a | 71.3±3.6 b | 153.6±7.6 b | 27.1 a | 19.3 b | 53.6 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 49.4±6.0 a | 84.2±8.4 a | 171.9±7.9 a | 28.9 a | 20.2 b | 50.9 a | |
OPT-N | 26.2±4.0 b | 81.6±5.0 ab | 154.8±5.4 b | 16.9 b | 35.8 a | 47.3 a | |
RAI | FFP | 41.7±5.7 b | 80.4±7.9 b | 157.4±11.7 b | 26.7 a | 24.6 a | 48.8 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 57.0±3.9 a | 94.9±1.9 a | 179.0±8.7 a | 31.8 a | 21.3 a | 46.9 a | |
OPT-N | 30.2±5.5 c | 84.3±5.0 ab | 167.7±7.2 ab | 18.0 b | 32.2 a | 49.7 a |
表4 不同水肥管理下水稻地上部的氮吸收量
Table 4 Nitrogen accumulation of rice aboveground part under different water and fertilizer managements.
处理 Treatment | 氮吸收量 N accumulation/(kg·hm-2) | 各生育阶段氮吸收量所占比例 Proportion of N accumulation in each growth stage/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
分蘖期 Tillering | 齐穗期 Heading | 成熟期 Maturity | 移栽-分蘖期 Transplanting-Tillering | 分蘖期-齐穗期 Tillering-Heading | 齐穗期-成熟期 Heading-Maturity | ||
FI | FFP | 41.5±5.5 a | 71.3±3.6 b | 153.6±7.6 b | 27.1 a | 19.3 b | 53.6 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 49.4±6.0 a | 84.2±8.4 a | 171.9±7.9 a | 28.9 a | 20.2 b | 50.9 a | |
OPT-N | 26.2±4.0 b | 81.6±5.0 ab | 154.8±5.4 b | 16.9 b | 35.8 a | 47.3 a | |
RAI | FFP | 41.7±5.7 b | 80.4±7.9 b | 157.4±11.7 b | 26.7 a | 24.6 a | 48.8 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 57.0±3.9 a | 94.9±1.9 a | 179.0±8.7 a | 31.8 a | 21.3 a | 46.9 a | |
OPT-N | 30.2±5.5 c | 84.3±5.0 ab | 167.7±7.2 ab | 18.0 b | 32.2 a | 49.7 a |
处理 Treatment | 氮素收获指数 NHI/% | 氮素籽粒生产效率NDMPE/(kg·kg-1) | 氮素干物质生产效率 NDMPE/(kg·kg-1) | 氮肥偏生产力 NPFP/(kg·kg-1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FI | FFP | 53.8±1.9 b | 45.7±2.0 b | 84.3±2.0 a | 38.8±5.1 b |
30%N+70%CRF | 59.7±5.7 ab | 48.9±3.1 ab | 91.5±5.8 a | 45.3±4.3 ab | |
OPT-N | 66.2±3.5 a | 50.8±0.9 a | 83.3±5.8 a | 50.2±5.9 a | |
RAI | FFP | 66.7±2.6 b | 53.9±4.2 a | 91.4±7.4 a | 41.8±2.8 b |
30%N+70%CRF | 66.1±2.7 b | 53.0±2.3 a | 94.1±5.1 a | 45.7±8.5 b | |
OPT-N | 75.3±5.2 a | 58.3±9.7 a | 89.9±1.8 a | 57.5±2.5 a |
表5 不同水肥管理对水稻氮素利用效率的影响
Table 5 Effects of different water and fertilizer managements on nitrogen use efficiency.
处理 Treatment | 氮素收获指数 NHI/% | 氮素籽粒生产效率NDMPE/(kg·kg-1) | 氮素干物质生产效率 NDMPE/(kg·kg-1) | 氮肥偏生产力 NPFP/(kg·kg-1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FI | FFP | 53.8±1.9 b | 45.7±2.0 b | 84.3±2.0 a | 38.8±5.1 b |
30%N+70%CRF | 59.7±5.7 ab | 48.9±3.1 ab | 91.5±5.8 a | 45.3±4.3 ab | |
OPT-N | 66.2±3.5 a | 50.8±0.9 a | 83.3±5.8 a | 50.2±5.9 a | |
RAI | FFP | 66.7±2.6 b | 53.9±4.2 a | 91.4±7.4 a | 41.8±2.8 b |
30%N+70%CRF | 66.1±2.7 b | 53.0±2.3 a | 94.1±5.1 a | 45.7±8.5 b | |
OPT-N | 75.3±5.2 a | 58.3±9.7 a | 89.9±1.8 a | 57.5±2.5 a |
处理 Treatment | 每1 m2有效穗数 Effective panicle number per1m2 | 穗长 Panicle length /cm | 每穗总粒数 Grain number per panicle | 结实率 Seed setting rate/% | 千粒质量 1000-grain weight/g | 实际产量 Grain yield /(kg·hm-2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FI | FFP | 236±8 a | 29.7±1.0 a | 265.2±9.2 b | 70.3±2.4 c | 26.8±0.1 a | 8244 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 238±10 a | 30.4±1.0 a | 270.4±11.4 ab | 82.0±1.9 a | 26.7±0.2 a | 8602 a | |
OPT-N | 234±7 a | 29.5±0.2 a | 279.9±1.7 a | 80.7±2.6 b | 26.7±0.2 a | 8302 a | |
RAI | FFP | 232±9 ab | 29.7±0.5 a | 287.8±6.2 b | 80.6±6.6 a | 26.9±0.6 a | 8522 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 242±12 a | 31.0±0.8 a | 316.4±2.2 a | 84.0±7.3 a | 27.8±0.2 a | 9100 b | |
OPT-N | 218±10 b | 30.8±1.6 a | 296.0±8.9 b | 80.9±6.7 a | 27.4±0.3 a | 8642 ab |
表6 不同水肥管理对水稻产量及构成因素的影响
Table 6 Effects of water and fertilizer management on grain yield and yield components.
处理 Treatment | 每1 m2有效穗数 Effective panicle number per1m2 | 穗长 Panicle length /cm | 每穗总粒数 Grain number per panicle | 结实率 Seed setting rate/% | 千粒质量 1000-grain weight/g | 实际产量 Grain yield /(kg·hm-2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FI | FFP | 236±8 a | 29.7±1.0 a | 265.2±9.2 b | 70.3±2.4 c | 26.8±0.1 a | 8244 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 238±10 a | 30.4±1.0 a | 270.4±11.4 ab | 82.0±1.9 a | 26.7±0.2 a | 8602 a | |
OPT-N | 234±7 a | 29.5±0.2 a | 279.9±1.7 a | 80.7±2.6 b | 26.7±0.2 a | 8302 a | |
RAI | FFP | 232±9 ab | 29.7±0.5 a | 287.8±6.2 b | 80.6±6.6 a | 26.9±0.6 a | 8522 a |
30%N+70%CRF | 242±12 a | 31.0±0.8 a | 316.4±2.2 a | 84.0±7.3 a | 27.8±0.2 a | 9100 b | |
OPT-N | 218±10 b | 30.8±1.6 a | 296.0±8.9 b | 80.9±6.7 a | 27.4±0.3 a | 8642 ab |
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