10个抗白叶枯病基因在华南水稻品种中的分布研究

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.251004

中国水稻科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 679-695.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.251004

10个抗白叶枯病基因在华南水稻品种中的分布研究

冯爱卿¹^,^#, 张亚博²^,^#, 周继勇³, 苏菁¹, 封金奇¹, 陈凯玲¹, 陈炳¹, 梁美玲¹, 朱小源¹, 汪聪颖¹^,^*(), 陈深¹^,^*()

¹ 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室, 广州 510640
² 华南师范大学生命科学学院, 广州 510631
³ 广东省农业技术推广中心, 广州 510520

收稿日期:2025-10-10 修回日期:2026-03-16 出版日期:2026-09-10 发布日期:2026-09-16
通讯作者: ^*email: 1642841084@qq.com;
csgdppri@163.com
作者简介:^#共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家水稻产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-01-39);广东省水稻产业技术体系资助项目(2024CXTD05);国家重点研发计划项目子项目(2024YFD1200802);广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2024A1515011253)

Distribution of Ten Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in Rice Varieties from South China

FENG Aiqing¹^,^#, ZHANG Yabo²^,^#, ZHOU Jiyong³, SU Jing¹, FENG Jinqi¹, CHEN Kailing¹, CHEN Bing¹, LIANG Meiling¹, ZHU Xiaoyuan¹, WANG Congying¹^,^*(), CHEN Shen¹^,^*()

¹ Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640， China
² School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
³ Guangdong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Guangzhou 510520, China

Received:2025-10-10 Revised:2026-03-16 Online:2026-09-10 Published:2026-09-16
About author:^#These authors contributed equally to this work

1. Fengaiqing table S1.docx(234KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确白叶枯病抗性基因 Xa1、Xa3、Xa4、xa5、Xa7、xa8、Xa10、xa13、Xa21、Xa23在水稻区试新品种和主推品种中的分布及其组合的抗病有效性，为华南稻区白叶枯病抗病品种基因型的合理布局以及抗白叶枯病基因的应用提供科学依据。【方法】应用上述10个抗病基因的功能标记，对华南稻区887个水稻区试新品种和25个2023至2024年广东省主推品种进行了抗白叶枯基因型检测；并采用人工剪叶接种法，应用华南稻区白叶枯病菌优势致病型Ⅸ型菌株对887个水稻区试新品种进行抗性鉴定，应用2024年在广东收集的11个主要致病型的102个代表菌株对25个广东省主推品种进行抗性鉴定。【结果】887个水稻区试新品种中，Xa1、Xa23、Xa3、Xa7、Xa4、Xa21、xa8基因检出频率依次为16.57%、12.63%、6.99%、5.98%、1.92%、1.92%、0.34%，xa5、Xa10及xa13基因检出频率均为0；检出含4个、3个、2个、1个、0个抗病基因的区试新品种占总检测新品种的比率依次是0.34%、0.34%、6.99%、29.99%、62.34%；在有抗白叶枯基因组合的68个区试新品种中，Xa23、Xa1、Xa3、Xa7、Xa4、Xa21的应用频率分别是63.23%、63.23%、38.23%、27.94%、14.71%、5.88%。887个水稻区试新品种中，对白叶枯病华南优势致病型Ⅸ型菌表现抗病的品种仅占20.41%，感病品种占79.59%；在携带Xa23、Xa4、xa8、Xa7、Xa21、Xa3、Xa1单一基因的区试新品种中，抗病品种的比率依次是92.75%、42.86%、33.33%、32.35%、23.08%、11.11%、7.69%；在含有4个、3个、2个、1个、0个抗病基因的水稻区试新品种中，抗病品种比率依次为100%、100%、64.52%、35.34%、7.41%；在携带Xa23单一基因的区试新品种中有65.22%的新品种达抗级以上，Xa23与不同基因聚合的新品种中有79.07%的新品种达抗级以上；在携带Xa7基因的区试新品种中有61.76%的新品种达中感级以上，Xa7与不同基因聚合的新品种中有90%的新品种达中感级以上；而携带Xa4、xa8、Xa21、Xa3、Xa1基因的区试新品种除抗病品种外，其余绝大部分的新品种均为感级以下。25个广东省主推水稻品种中，含以上1个或2个抗病基因的品种仅占20%；Xa7、Xa4、Xa3检出频率依次为4%、8%、12%，本研究的其他抗病基因均没有被检测到；含2个抗病基因的品种仅占检测主推品种的4%。25个广东省水稻主推品种对绝大多数的广东致病型代表菌株均表现感病，抗频普遍偏低，仅以含有两个抗病基因(Xa4与Xa3)的广8优2168抗性频率为20.20%，其他主推品种抗性频率均在10%以下。【结论】目前华南区试新品种和主推品种中以不含抗白叶枯病基因或基因组合的品种居多，同时，不管是区试新品种还是主推品种均以感病品种偏多，华南稻区白叶枯病防控形势日益严峻；水稻区试新品种和主推品种的抗性有随着含白叶枯病抗病基因数量的增加而增强的趋势，多基因聚合抗病育种是应对白叶枯病菌毒性变异的有效途径；目前对区试新品种抗性的提升贡献程度大小依次是Xa23、Xa7、Xa4、xa8、Xa21、Xa3、Xa1，其中Xa23、Xa7是目前在华南稻区具有极好应用前景的抗病基因。

关键词: 水稻白叶枯病, 抗病基因, 新品种, 主推品种, 基因型分析, 分子标记

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aims to assess the distribution of cloned or mapped bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa1, Xa3, Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa8, Xa10, xa13, Xa21, and Xa23) in newly developed and widely cultivated rice varieties in South China. It also evaluates the effectiveness of gene combinations in providing resistance. The findings provide a scientific basis for the rational deployment of bacterial blight-resistant rice genotypes and the application of these resistance genes in the region.【Method】Using functional markers for the 10 resistance genes, 887 newly developed rice varieties from South China and 25 major rice varieties from Guangdong Province (2023-2024) were screened for resistance genes to bacterial blight. The resistance of 887 newly developed rice varieties to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) was identified by artificial leaf-cutting and inoculating with the dominant pathogenic strains of Xoo in South China. The resistance of the 25 major varieties in Guangdong Province was assessed using 102 representative strains from 11 major pathogenic types collected in 2024.【Result】Of the 887 new rice varieties, the frequencies of varieties carrying Xa1, Xa23, Xa3, Xa7, Xa4, Xa21, and xa8 were 16.57%, 12.63%, 6.99%, 5.98%, 1.92%, 1.92%, and 0.34%, respectively, while no varieties carried xa5, Xa10, or xa13. Among the new varieties, 0.34% carried 4 resistance genes, 0.34% carried 3 genes, 6.99% carried 2 genes, 29.99% carried 1 gene, and 62.34% carried no resistance genes. Among the 68 new varieties with gene combinations, the most frequent genes were Xa23, Xa1, Xa3, Xa7, Xa4, and Xa21, with application frequencies of 63.23%, 63.23%, 38.23%, 27.94%, 14.71%, and 5.88%, respectively. Of the 887 varieties, 20.41% were resistant to the dominant Xoo pathogen in South China, while 79.59% were susceptible. The percentages of resistant varieties harboring only one of the genes Xa23, Xa4, xa8, Xa7, Xa21, Xa3, and Xa1 were 92.75%, 42.86%, 33.33%, 32.35%, 23.08%, 11.11%, and 7.69%, respectively. Among new varieties with 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 resistance genes, the percentages of resistant varieties were 100%, 100%, 64.52%, 35.34%, and 7.41%, respectively. 65.22% of varieties with Xa23 were resistant or moderately resistant, and among the new varieties developed by pyramiding Xa23 with different genes, 79.07% were rated as resistant or above. Among the new varieties carrying Xa7, 61.76% showed moderate susceptibility or worse, and 90% of varieties with pyramided Xa7 and other genes exhibited similar susceptibility. For the 25 main rice varieties in Guangdong, only 20% contained one or two resistance genes. The frequencies of Xa7, Xa4, and Xa3 were 4%, 8%, and 12%, respectively, while no other resistance genes were detected. Only 4% of the main varieties carried two resistance genes. Most of the 25 varieties were susceptible to the representative strains from Guangdong's pathotypes, with resistance frequencies generally low. Only Guang 8 You 2168, carrying Xa4 and Xa3, exhibited a resistance frequency of 20%, while other varieties had resistance frequencies below 10%. 【Conclusion】Currently, most of the new and main rice varieties in South China lack bacterial blight resistance genes or effective gene combinations, leading to widespread susceptibility and an escalating threat from bacterial blight. However, resistance increases with the number of resistance genes. Breeding rice varieties with multiple resistance genes is a promising strategy to address the evolving virulence of bacterial blight. Xa23, Xa7, Xa4, xa8, Xa21, Xa3, and Xa1 contribute to enhancing resistance, with Xa23 and Xa7 standing out as particularly effective and widely applicable resistance genes for future breeding in South China.

Key words: rice bacterial blight, resistant gene, new breed, main varieties, genotype analysis, molecular marker

冯爱卿, 张亚博, 周继勇, 苏菁, 封金奇, 陈凯玲, 陈炳, 梁美玲, 朱小源, 汪聪颖, 陈深. 10个抗白叶枯病基因在华南水稻品种中的分布研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(5): 679-695.

FENG Aiqing, ZHANG Yabo, ZHOU Jiyong, SU Jing, FENG Jinqi, CHEN Kailing, CHEN Bing, LIANG Meiling, ZHU Xiaoyuan, WANG Congying, CHEN Shen. Distribution of Ten Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in Rice Varieties from South China[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(5): 679-695.

图/表 12

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采集地 Origin	菌株数 Number of strains	菌株所属致病型个数Number of pathotypes to which the strain belongs
采集地 Origin	菌株数 Number of strains	Ⅰ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	Ⅸ	新型1 New pathotype 1	新型2 New pathotype 2	新型3 New pathotype 3	新型4 New pathotype 4	新型5 New pathotype 5
惠州 Huizhou	7				6		1
东莞 Dongguan	5				3		2
广州 Guangzhou	5						4			1
河源 Heyuan	4				2		2
江门 Jiangmen	20				14		5	1
揭阳 Jieyang	4						4
汕尾 Shanwei	7	1	1				5
茂名 Maoming	18		2	1	2	1	11	1
梅州 Meizhou	3				2							1
清远 Qingyuan	2						2
汕头 Shantou	1				1
阳江 Yangjiang	7						7
湛江 Zhanjiang	12				7		3				2
肇庆 Zhaoqing	4						2	1	1
珠海 Zhuhai	3				3
合计 Total	102	1	3	1	40	1	48	3	1	1	2	1

采集地 Origin	菌株数 Number of strains	菌株所属致病型个数Number of pathotypes to which the strain belongs
采集地 Origin	菌株数 Number of strains	Ⅰ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	Ⅸ	新型1 New pathotype 1	新型2 New pathotype 2	新型3 New pathotype 3	新型4 New pathotype 4	新型5 New pathotype 5
惠州 Huizhou	7				6		1
东莞 Dongguan	5				3		2
广州 Guangzhou	5						4			1
河源 Heyuan	4				2		2
江门 Jiangmen	20				14		5	1
揭阳 Jieyang	4						4
汕尾 Shanwei	7	1	1				5
茂名 Maoming	18		2	1	2	1	11	1
梅州 Meizhou	3				2							1
清远 Qingyuan	2						2
汕头 Shantou	1				1
阳江 Yangjiang	7						7
湛江 Zhanjiang	12				7		3				2
肇庆 Zhaoqing	4						2	1	1
珠海 Zhuhai	3				3
合计 Total	102	1	3	1	40	1	48	3	1	1	2	1

致病型 Pathotype	鉴别寄主反应 Reactions of differential hosts to the strains
致病型 Pathotype	金刚30 Jingang 30	特特普 Tetep	南粳15 Nanjing 15	爪哇14 Java 14	IR26
Ⅰ	S	R	R	R	R
Ⅱ	S	S	R	R	R
Ⅲ	S	S	S	R	R
Ⅳ	S	S	S	S	R
Ⅴ	S	S	R	R	S
Ⅵ	S	R	S	R	R
Ⅸ	S	S	S	S	S
新型1 New pathotype 1	S	S	S	R	S
新型2 New pathotype 2	S	R	S	R	S
新型3 New pathotype 3	S	R	S	S	S
新型4 New pathotype 4	S	S	R	S	S
新型5 New pathotype 5	S	R	R	R	S

致病型 Pathotype	鉴别寄主反应 Reactions of differential hosts to the strains
致病型 Pathotype	金刚30 Jingang 30	特特普 Tetep	南粳15 Nanjing 15	爪哇14 Java 14	IR26
Ⅰ	S	R	R	R	R
Ⅱ	S	S	R	R	R
Ⅲ	S	S	S	R	R
Ⅳ	S	S	S	S	R
Ⅴ	S	S	R	R	S
Ⅵ	S	R	S	R	R
Ⅸ	S	S	S	S	S
新型1 New pathotype 1	S	S	S	R	S
新型2 New pathotype 2	S	R	S	R	S
新型3 New pathotype 3	S	R	S	S	S
新型4 New pathotype 4	S	S	R	S	S
新型5 New pathotype 5	S	R	R	R	S

抗性 Resistance	病级 Disease level	病情 Illness
高抗 HR	0	剪口下无明显病斑，或者仅有褐斑反应。病斑长度纵向扩展小于等于1.0 cm，或病斑面积小于等于5.0% There is no obvious lesion under the cut, or only a brown spot reaction. The longitudinal extension of lesion length is less than or equal to 1.0 cm, or the lesion area is less than or equal to 5.0%
抗 R	1	病斑长度纵向扩展1.1~3.0 cm，或病斑面积占叶面积5.1%~12.0% The length of the lesion extends longitudinally from 1.1 cm to 3.0 cm, or the lesion area accounts for 5.1% to 12.0% of the total
中抗 MR	3	病斑长度纵向扩展3.1~6.0 cm，或病斑面积占叶面积12.1%~25.0% The length of the lesion extends longitudinally from 3.1 cm to 6.0 cm, or the lesion area accounts for 12.1% to 25.0% of the total
中感 MS	5	病斑长度纵向扩展6.1~12.0 cm，或病斑面积占叶面积25.1%~50.0% The length of the lesion extends longitudinally from 6.1 cm to 12.0 cm, or the lesion area accounts for 25.1% to 50.0% of the total
感 S	7	病斑长度纵向扩展12.1~20.0 cm，或病斑面积占叶面积50.1%~75.0% The length of the lesion extends longitudinally from 12.1 cm to 20.0 cm, or the lesion area accounts for 50.1% to 75.0% of the leaf area
高感 HS	9	病斑长度纵向扩展大于20 cm，或病斑面积大于叶面积75% The longitudinal extension of the lesion length is more than 20 cm, or the lesion area is more than 75% of the leaf area

10个抗白叶枯病基因在华南水稻品种中的分布研究

Distribution of Ten Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in Rice Varieties from South China

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Metrics

目标基因 Gene	引物序列(5’-3’) Primer sequence (5’-3’)	预期片段大小 Expected size(bp)	参考文献 Reference
Xa1	F: ATCAGGAACTTGAACTCCAG	202	[4]
Xa1	R: AACCACTGATTGCGGAAGG	202	[4]
Xa3	F: CCACAATGCCATGTCAGGTGGCATCCCTGCA	255	[30]
Xa3	R: AGGTGTTGGAGGATTGGCAT	255	[30]
Xa4	F: GCTTAAGAGCGTTTGTAGGG	320	[31]
Xa4	R: GCCACCGAAGTACTACCCAT	320	[31]
xa5	Ext F: CGGATAGCAGCATTTCCAAGAG	950/375	[32]
	Ext R: GGAGAAATTACATCACAAGCGC
	Int F: GCTCGCCATTCAAGTTCTTGAG
	Int R: GTAGATACCTTATCAAACTGGA
Xa7	F: GAACTGCTCTGCTCAAGTGCCTC	1100	未发表 Unpublished
Xa7	R: CGCCATGAAGCAGAAAATACGAC	1100	未发表 Unpublished
xa8	F: GCAACTCGACGGAAGGCATCG	259/200	[33]
	R: GAGGGCTCAAGACGAACTCATCACG
	Ext F: GACCGCACCTTGACGATCTCC
	Ext R: TCGTCGCTGTTCTCCTACTCACC
Xa10	F: CGCAATCACTTCAATTACTT	270	[34]
Xa10	R: GAAGAATGAAAGAGGAGGG	270	[34]
xa13	F: AGCTCCAGCTCTCCAAATG	1000	[35]
xa13	R: GGCCATGGCTCAGTGTTTAT	1000	[35]
Xa21	F: TGCTGCAGGTCAGCCAAGCTTA	1500	[36]
Xa21	R: CAACCGTTGTTTTGCCTCC	1500	[36]
Xa23	F: AGTCCCTTCCGAAACATCTTCC	1279	未发表Unpublished
Xa23	R: GAGGTAGGAGGAGGTAAGGGATAG	1279	未发表Unpublished

基因或基因组合 Gene or combination of genes	品种数量 Number of varieties	抗性品种数 Number of resistant varieties	抗病品种比率 Ratio of resistant varieties (%)
无None	553	41	7.41
Xa23	69	64	92.75
Xa21	13	3	23.08
xa8	3	1	33.33
Xa7	34	11	32.35
Xa4	7	3	42.86
Xa3	36	4	11.11
Xa1	104	8	7.69
Xa3+Xa1	8	0	0.00
Xa4+Xa1	1	0	0.00
Xa4+Xa3	6	0	0.00
Xa7+Xa21	1	1	100.00
Xa7+Xa23	8	7	87.50
Xa7+Xa1	7	3	42.86
Xa23+Xa1	23	21	91.30
Xa23+Xa3	6	6	100.00
Xa23+Xa4	1	1	100.00
Xa23+Xa21	1	1	100.00
Xa23+Xa1+Xa3	3	3	100.00
Xa23+Xa7+Xa1+Xa3	1	1	100.00
Xa21+Xa7+Xa4+Xa3	2	2	100.00

编号Number	品种名称 Variety name	抗性频率Resistance frequency (%)	检出的抗病基因 Detected resistance genes
编号Number	品种名称 Variety name	抗性频率Resistance frequency (%)	Xa23	Xa21	Xa13	Xa10	xa8	Xa7	xa5	Xa4	Xa3	Xa1
1	粤禾丝苗 Yuehesimiao	2.94	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
2	南优占 Nanyouzhan	2.97	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
3	五山丝苗 Wushansimiao	1.96	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
4	粤农丝苗 Yuenongsimiao	2.94	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
5	美香占2号 Meixiangzhan 2	1.96	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
6	南晶香占 Nanjingxiangzhan	1.96	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
7	粤美占 Yuemeizhan	1.96	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
8	19香 19 xiang	1.96	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
9	黄广油占 Huangguangyouzhan	3.23	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
10	双黄占 Shuanghuangzhan	2.94	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
11	南桂占 Nanguizhan	3.92	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
12	吉丰优1002 Jifengyou 1002	8.82	－	－	－	－	－	＋	－	－	－	－
13	广8优金占 Guang 8 youjinzhan	1.96	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
14	青香优19香 Qingxiangyou 19 xiang	0.98	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
15	广8优2168 Guang 8 you 2168	20.20	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	＋	＋	－
16	耕香优荔丝苗 Gengxiangyoulisimiao	8.82	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	＋	－
17	Y两优1378 Y Liangyou 1378	2.94	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
18	金农丝苗 Jinnongsimiao	1.98	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
19	粤香430 Yuexiang 430	5.88	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
20	广泰优天弘丝苗 Guangtaiyoutianhongsimiao	0.98	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	＋	－
21	美巴香占 Meibaxiangzhan	1.96	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
22	弘优秋占 Hongyouqiuzhan	0.98	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
23	广8优169 Guang8 you 169	5.15	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－
24	Y两优1173 Y Liangyou 1173	1.96	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	＋	－	－
25	Y两优3089 Y Liangyou 3089	0.98	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－	－

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