华南稻区抗白叶枯病育种研究现状与展望

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250113

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻白叶枯病(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)是严重威胁全球水稻生产安全的细菌性病害。近年来，华南稻区白叶枯病的流行趋势逐渐上升，给水稻安全生产带来了巨大挑战。本文梳理了华南稻区白叶枯病菌株的优势致病型，分析了华南稻区审定品种白叶枯病抗性，综述了广谱白叶枯病抗性改良技术及其应用。旨在通过系统分析华南不同稻区白叶枯病菌的致病型和品种抗性差异，为提高品种对白叶枯病抗性提供针对性育种建议参考。最后，展望了华南稻区抗白叶枯病改良育种的未来方向。

关键词: 华南稻区, 白叶枯病, 优势致病型, 抗病基因, 育种应用

Abstract:

Bacterial blight (caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) poses a serious threat to global rice production. In recent years, the prevalence of bacterial blight has been increasing in the South China rice-growing region, posing significant challenges to rice production safety. This study reviews the predominant pathotypes of bacterial blight isolates in the South China rice region, evaluates the bacterial blight resistance of commercially released rice varieties in this region, and summarizes the technologies and applications for improving broad-spectrum resistance to this disease. By systematically analyzing the pathogenic variation across subregions and the differences in variety resistance, this work aims to provide targeted breeding recommendations and practical references for enhancing resistance to bacterial blight. Finally, prospects for breeding bacterial blight-resistant rice varieties in South China are outlined.

Key words: South China rice-growing region, bacterial blight, dominant pathotype, resistance gene, breeding application

苗哲宁, 陈积金, 李自明, 刘毅, 罗利军. 华南稻区抗白叶枯病育种研究现状与展望[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(1): 18-26.

MIAO Zhening, CHEN Jijin, LI Ziming, LIU Yi, LUO Lijun. Advances and Prospects in Breeding Bacterial Blight-resistant Rice in South China[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(1): 18-26.

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省份 Province	早籼组Early indica group			晚籼组Late indica group
省份 Province	总品种数 Total number of varieties	抗病品种数 Number of resistant varieties	抗病品种占比Proportion of resistant varieties(%)	总品种数 Total number of varieties	抗病品种数 Number of resistant varieties	抗病品种占比 Proportion of resistant varieties (%)
广东Guangdong	204	28	14	249	47	19
广西Guangxi	365	14	4	502	19	4
海南Hainan	57	2	4	27	0	0
合计Total	626	44	21	778	66	23

省份 Province	早籼组Early indica group			晚籼组Late indica group
省份 Province	总品种数 Total number of varieties	抗病品种数 Number of resistant varieties	抗病品种占比Proportion of resistant varieties(%)	总品种数 Total number of varieties	抗病品种数 Number of resistant varieties	抗病品种占比 Proportion of resistant varieties (%)
广东Guangdong	204	28	14	249	47	19
广西Guangxi	365	14	4	502	19	4
海南Hainan	57	2	4	27	0	0
合计Total	626	44	21	778	66	23

功能标记 Functional marker	正向引物(5’-3’) Forward(5’-3’)	反向引物(5’-3’) Reverse(5’-3’)	片段大小Product size(bp)
功能标记 Functional marker	正向引物(5’-3’) Forward(5’-3’)	反向引物(5’-3’) Reverse(5’-3’)	抗病 Resistance	感病 Susceptible
xa5	GCTCGCGTTCGTTCGTTAAC	CCACAGATACCTTATCAAACAGCT	295	0
Xa7	AATATATAACCCCCCCCCCCCCAG	TTAATTGCCACCGATGAGGTAATCC	482, 342	0, 342
Xa23	CTCTTCCCTGAGTCAAAGTC	GGAGAATAACCATCTTGTCG	640	0
Xa21	CGATCGGTATAACAGCAAAAC	ATAGCAACTGATTGCTTGG	1400	1300
Xa27	TAGTGTCTAAATACAGGGACT	GAGTACTTTGCTCTGATGCTC	149	174

功能标记 Functional marker	正向引物(5’-3’) Forward(5’-3’)	反向引物(5’-3’) Reverse(5’-3’)	片段大小Product size(bp)
功能标记 Functional marker	正向引物(5’-3’) Forward(5’-3’)	反向引物(5’-3’) Reverse(5’-3’)	抗病 Resistance	感病 Susceptible
xa5	GCTCGCGTTCGTTCGTTAAC	CCACAGATACCTTATCAAACAGCT	295	0
Xa7	AATATATAACCCCCCCCCCCCCAG	TTAATTGCCACCGATGAGGTAATCC	482, 342	0, 342
Xa23	CTCTTCCCTGAGTCAAAGTC	GGAGAATAACCATCTTGTCG	640	0
Xa21	CGATCGGTATAACAGCAAAAC	ATAGCAACTGATTGCTTGG	1400	1300
Xa27	TAGTGTCTAAATACAGGGACT	GAGTACTTTGCTCTGATGCTC	149	174