水稻产量与淀粉品质协同调控的分子遗传研究进展

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.240901

中国水稻科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 1-17.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.240901

• 综述与专论 • 下一篇

水稻产量与淀粉品质协同调控的分子遗传研究进展

李兴沂¹^,², 陈玲², 邵建韬¹, 肖素勤², 李金璐², 付惠仙³, 殷富有², 张建红⁴, 程在全², 刘丽²^,^*()

¹云南大学农学院，昆明 650504
²云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所，昆明 650205
³会泽县农业技术推广中心，云南会泽 654200
⁴云南省陆良县种子管理站，云南陆良 655699

收稿日期:2024-09-01 修回日期:2024-11-10 出版日期:2026-01-10 发布日期:2026-01-21
通讯作者: *email: liuliyaas@163.com
基金资助:
云南省农业联合专项-重点项目(202301BD070001-149);云南省种子种业联合实验室项目(202205AR070001-01);杨庆文专家工作站项目(202305AF150161);云南省农科院科研预研项目(2024KYZX-09);云南省科技计划项目(202301AT070165);西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室开放项目(SKL-KF202325)

Progress in Molecular Genetic Research on Co-regulation of Grain Yield and Starch Quality in Rice

LI Xingyi¹^,², CHEN Ling², SHAO Jiantao¹, XIAO Suqin², LI Jinlu², FU Huixian³, YIN Fuyou², ZHANG Jianhong⁴, CHENG Zaiquan², LIU Li²^,^*()

¹School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
²Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
³Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Huize County, Huize 654200, China
⁴Luliang County Seed Management Station, Luliang 655699, China

Received:2024-09-01 Revised:2024-11-10 Online:2026-01-10 Published:2026-01-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高产和优质是水稻育种的两大主要目标，产量与品质协同改良是水稻育种和功能基因组研究面临的重大挑战。本文从水稻淀粉合成的遗传调控、产量形成的分子生物学基础、产量与淀粉品质协同调控的分子机理及相关基因的克隆与功能研究等方面，总结水稻产量与淀粉品质协同调控的分子遗传研究进展，分析现有研究存在的问题，初步提出未来解决水稻产量与品质难以兼得关键问题的遗传改良策略，为利用分子育种技术协调产量与品质均衡，培育既高产又优质的水稻新品种提供信息参考。

关键词: 水稻, 产量, 淀粉品质, 协同调控

Abstract:

High yield and quality are two major goals in rice breeding programs. The key challenges facing breeding and functional genomics research in rice are the compatible improvement of both grain yield and quality. This work provides a comprehensive review of the advances in molecular genetic research on the co-regulation of grain yield and starch quality in rice. We summarize the genetic regulation of starch synthesis, scrutinize the molecular mechanisms of grain yield, examine the molecular mechanisms of co-regulation, and investigate the cloning and functional analysis of genes related to grain yield and quality. New approaches are proposed to address the trade-off between grain yield and quality, based on the discussion of previous research. The information will be valuable in overcoming the challenges related to grain yield and quality in rice using molecular breeding technology and will greatly facilitate the development of super rice varieties with high yield and good quality.

Key words: rice, grain yield, starch quality, co-regulation

李兴沂, 陈玲, 邵建韬, 肖素勤, 李金璐, 付惠仙, 殷富有, 张建红, 程在全, 刘丽. 水稻产量与淀粉品质协同调控的分子遗传研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(1): 1-17.

LI Xingyi, CHEN Ling, SHAO Jiantao, XIAO Suqin, LI Jinlu, FU Huixian, YIN Fuyou, ZHANG Jianhong, CHENG Zaiquan, LIU Li. Progress in Molecular Genetic Research on Co-regulation of Grain Yield and Starch Quality in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(1): 1-17.

图/表 3

图1 淀粉的生物合成 A：源细胞（Source cell）中瞬时淀粉的合成及库细胞（Sink cell）中储藏淀粉的合成。SuS：蔗糖合酶；3-PGA：3-磷酸甘油酸；TP：磷酸丙糖；F6P：6-磷酸果糖。G6P：6-磷酸葡萄糖；G1P：1-磷酸葡萄糖；ADPG：腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖；FBP：1,6-二磷酸果糖；UDPG：二磷酸尿苷葡糖；Fru：果糖；B：淀粉合成途径中主要酶类与蛋白的功能及作用。AGPase由2种亚基（两个大亚基AGPL和两个小亚基AGPS）组成的异源四聚体；SBE：淀粉分支酶；GBSS：颗粒结合淀粉合成酶；SS/SSS：可溶性淀粉合成酶；DBE：脱分支酶；DPE：歧化酶；PHO：淀粉/α-葡聚糖磷酸化酶；Amylose：直链淀粉；Amylopectin：支链淀粉。

Fig. 1. Biosynthesis of starch A, Starch is synthesized as transient starch in source cells and as storage starch in library cells. SuS, Sucrose synthase; 3-PGA, 3-phosphoglyceric acid; TP, Triose phosphate; F6P, Fructose 6-phosphate; G6P, Glucose 6-phosphate; G1P, Glucose 1-phosphate; ADPG, Adenosine diphosphate glucose; FBP, Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; UDPG, Uridine diphosphate glucose; Fru, Fructose. B, The main enzymes involving in starch synthesis and their functions in the pathway. AGPase is a heterotetramer composed of two structurally distinct subunits (two large regulatory subunits AGPL and two small catalytic subunits AGPS); SBE, Starch branching enzyme; GBSS, Granule-bound starch synthase; SS/SSS, Soluble starch synthase; DBE, Debranching enzyme; DPE, Dismutase; PHO, Starch/α-glucan phosphorylase.

图2 已报道的淀粉及产量相关因子调控图 A：淀粉合成途径中，多种转录因子调控淀粉合成酶；B：已报道的淀粉及产量调控基因及转录因子。KW：籽重；NGS：穗粒数；NS：穗数。

Fig. 2. Network of reported regulatory factors of starch and grain yield in rice A, Multiple transcription factors regulating enzymes in the starch synthesis pathway; B, Genes and transcription factors regulating starch quality and grain yield. GW, Grain weight; NGG, Number of grain per panicles; NG, Number of panicles.

表1 已克隆的水稻产量与品质重要基因

Table 1. Major cloned genes related to yield and quality in rice

性状 Trait	基因 Gene	编码产物 Encoded protein/Enzyme		参考文献 Reference
有效穗数 Effective panicle number	GS5	丝氨酸羧肽酶	正调控粒宽和粒重	[115,116]
	HTH5	磷酸吡哆醛结合蛋白	正调控结实率	[117]
	qHd1	Squamosa启动子	正调控有效穗	[118]
	LAX2-4	核蛋白	负调控有效穗和穗粒数	[119]
	OsDCL3b	Dicer酶	正调控有效穗	[120]
穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	GNP1	GA20氧化酶	正调控穗粒数	[121]
	OsKRN2	WD40蛋白	负调控穗粒数和产量	[122]
	An-1	bHLH蛋白	正调控穗粒数	[123]
	COG1	转录因子OsMADS17	正调控穗粒数和粒重	[124]
	NOG1	烯酰辅酶A水合酶	正调控穗粒数	[125]
	LF1	转录因子HD-ZIP Ⅲ	正调控穗粒数	[126]
千粒重 1000-grain weight	GS3	Gγ亚基	负调控粒长和粒重	[127]
	GSN1	双特异性磷酸酶	负调控粒型和穗粒数	[128]
	TGW2	细胞数调控因子OsCNR1	负调控粒宽和粒重	[129]
	DG1	毒性物外排转运蛋白	正调控籽粒灌浆	[130]
	GLW7	转录因子OsSPL13	正调控粒长和粒重	[131]
	GAD1	短分泌信号肽	正调控粒长、穗粒数	[132]
	GW5	钙调素结合蛋白	正调控粒宽和粒重	[133]
	GLW10	油菜素内酯信号激酶	正调控粒长和粒重	[134]
淀粉合成Starch biosynthesis	Chalk5	液泡膜质子焦磷酸酶	负调控垩白	[135]
	Wx	淀粉颗粒合成酶	负调控直链淀粉	[76]
	WCR1	F-box蛋白	负调控垩白	[136]
	SSIIIb	淀粉颗粒合成酶	与ssIIIa协同调控抗性淀粉	[137]
	OsLESV	淀粉结合蛋白	正调控储藏淀粉	[36]

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水稻产量与淀粉品质协同调控的分子遗传研究进展

Progress in Molecular Genetic Research on Co-regulation of Grain Yield and Starch Quality in Rice

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