高温对水稻粒重形成的影响及其栽培调控研究进展

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250110

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球气候变暖使水稻生产持续面临极端高温威胁。粒重是水稻产量的重要构成因子，增加粒重有利于水稻产量的进一步提升。粒重具有较高的遗传稳定性，然而同一水稻品种粒重在高温、肥水管理等不同环境和栽培条件下具有较大差异。因此，粒重的增加和稳定与极端高温下水稻稳产密切相关。本文简要叙述了水稻粒重的形成及其调控，从同化物转运、糖代谢及激素变化等生理生化过程角度综述了不同时期高温导致水稻粒重降低的机理，并概述了优化栽培调控措施对高温危害的缓解作用，结合现有研究展望了未来高温影响水稻粒重的相关研究方向。

关键词: 水稻, 高温, 粒重, 籽粒大小, 灌浆充实, 糖代谢, 激素, 栽培调控

Abstract:

Frequent extreme heat events pose a serious threat to rice production due to global warming. As a component of rice yield, increased grain weight is beneficial for further improvement of rice production. Grain weight exhibits high genetic stability; however, it often varies significantly in the same rice variety under different environmental and cultivation conditions, such as high temperature, fertilizer, and water management. Therefore, the increase and stability of grain weight are closely associated with stable rice production under extreme high temperatures. This work briefly describes the formation and regulation of rice grain weight, and reviews the underlying mechanisms of high-temperature-induced reduction in grain weight from the perspective of physiological and biochemical processes, including assimilate translocation, sugar metabolism, and hormonal changes. Additionally, cultivation management measures for mitigating high-temperature damage are summarized. Based on current research, the work also suggests possible future research directions regarding the effects of high temperature on grain weight in rice.

Key words: rice, high temperature, grain weight, grain size, grain filling, sugar metabolism, hormone, cultivation regulation

王梦宁, 谢可冉, 高逖, 王真梅, 熊栋梁, 崔克辉. 高温对水稻粒重形成的影响及其栽培调控研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(2): 171-180.

WANG Mengning, XIE Keran, GAO Ti, WANG Zhenmei, XIONG Dongliang, CUI Kehui. Research Progress on Effects of High Temperature on Rice Grain Weight Formation and Cultivation Strategies[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(2): 171-180.

图/表 3

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高温处理时间 High temperature treatment time	处理 Treatment	处理效果 Treatment effect	参考文献 Reference
拔节期全天高温处理7 d Full day high temperature treatment for 7 days during the jointing stage	高温处理当天和次日叶面喷施0.1 mmol·L^-1茉莉酸甲酯 Apply 0.1 mmol·L^-1 methyl jasmonate to the leaf surface on the day of high temperature treatment and on the second day	高温下喷施茉莉酸甲酯粒重提高2.3% Spraying methyl jasmonate under high temperature increases grain weight by 2.3%	[50]
幼穗分化期白天高温 (持续15 d) Daytime high temperature during the panicle initiation stage (lasting for 15 days)	高温处理前、后2 d每株茎上各喷施20 mL 60 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA Spray 20 mL of 60 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA on each stem on the second day before and after high temperature treatment	高温胁迫下喷施6-BA粒重显著提高7.8% Spraying 6-BA under high temperature stress significantly increased grain weight by 7.8%	[52]
幼穗分化期高温(持续7 d) High temperature during the panicle initiation stage (lasting for 7 days)	每株喷施37.5 mL 0.15 mg·L^-1 EBR Each plant was sprayed with 37.5 mL of 0.15 mg·L^-1 EBR	高温胁迫下喷施EBR后耐热品种粒重显著提高3.6%，热敏感品种粒重显著提高7.3% After spraying EBR under high temperature stress, the grain weight of heat-tolerant varieties significantly increased by 3.6%, while that of heat-sensitive varieties significantly increased by 7.3%	[51]
开花期高温 High temperature during flowering stage	每株穗部喷施20~30 mL浓度为10 μmol·L⁻¹ IAA或100 μmol·L⁻¹萘乙酸 Each panicle was sprayed with 20-30 mL of 10 μmol·L⁻¹ IAA or 100 μmol·L⁻¹ naphthaleneacetic acid	高温下喷施10 μmol·L⁻¹ IAA和100 μmol·L⁻¹萘乙酸后粒重分别增加54.7%和49.7% After spraying 10 μmol·L⁻¹ IAA and 100 μmol·L⁻¹ naphthaleneacetic acid under high temperature, the grain weight increased by 54.7% and 49.7%, respectively	[87]
开花期全天高温处理8 d High temperature treatment throughout the flowering period for 8 days	孕穗末期叶面或穗部喷施50 μmol·L⁻¹ABA、 100 μmol·L⁻¹ ABA或1%原花青素 Spraying 50 μmol·L⁻¹ ABA, 100 μmol·L⁻¹ ABA, or 1% procyanidins on the leaves or panicles at the late booting stage	高温下喷施50 μmol·L⁻¹ ABA、100 μmol·L⁻¹ ABA和喷施1%原花青素后粒重分别增加6.2%、7.2%和5.2% After spraying 50 μmol·L⁻¹ ABA, 100 μmol·L⁻¹ ABA, and 1% procyanidins at high temperature, the grain weight increased by 6.2%, 7.2%, and 5.2%, respectively	[88]
授粉后5 d 全天高温处理5 d High temperature treatment for 5 days after pollination, starting from the 5th day	授粉3 d后连续3 d每穗每天喷施4 mL 1.5 mmol·L⁻¹亚精胺 After three days of pollination, spray 4 mL of 1.5 mmol·L⁻¹ spermidine on each panicle every day for 3 consecutive days	高温下喷施亚精胺粒重提高13.4% Spraying spermidine at high temperature increased grain weight by 13.4%	[89]
开花期白天高温处理5 d High temperature treatment during the flowering period for 5 days	高温处理前1 d和处理后3 d喷施500 μmol·L⁻¹ 水杨酸 Spray 500 μmol·L⁻¹ salicylic acid 1 day before high temperature treatment and 3 days after treatment	高温下喷施水杨酸显著提高粒重 Spraying salicylic acid under high temperature significantly increases grain weight	[77]

高温处理时间 High temperature treatment time	处理 Treatment	处理效果 Treatment effect	参考文献 Reference
拔节期全天高温处理7 d Full day high temperature treatment for 7 days during the jointing stage	高温处理当天和次日叶面喷施0.1 mmol·L^-1茉莉酸甲酯 Apply 0.1 mmol·L^-1 methyl jasmonate to the leaf surface on the day of high temperature treatment and on the second day	高温下喷施茉莉酸甲酯粒重提高2.3% Spraying methyl jasmonate under high temperature increases grain weight by 2.3%	[50]
幼穗分化期白天高温 (持续15 d) Daytime high temperature during the panicle initiation stage (lasting for 15 days)	高温处理前、后2 d每株茎上各喷施20 mL 60 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA Spray 20 mL of 60 mg·L⁻¹ 6-BA on each stem on the second day before and after high temperature treatment	高温胁迫下喷施6-BA粒重显著提高7.8% Spraying 6-BA under high temperature stress significantly increased grain weight by 7.8%	[52]
幼穗分化期高温(持续7 d) High temperature during the panicle initiation stage (lasting for 7 days)	每株喷施37.5 mL 0.15 mg·L^-1 EBR Each plant was sprayed with 37.5 mL of 0.15 mg·L^-1 EBR	高温胁迫下喷施EBR后耐热品种粒重显著提高3.6%，热敏感品种粒重显著提高7.3% After spraying EBR under high temperature stress, the grain weight of heat-tolerant varieties significantly increased by 3.6%, while that of heat-sensitive varieties significantly increased by 7.3%	[51]
开花期高温 High temperature during flowering stage	每株穗部喷施20~30 mL浓度为10 μmol·L⁻¹ IAA或100 μmol·L⁻¹萘乙酸 Each panicle was sprayed with 20-30 mL of 10 μmol·L⁻¹ IAA or 100 μmol·L⁻¹ naphthaleneacetic acid	高温下喷施10 μmol·L⁻¹ IAA和100 μmol·L⁻¹萘乙酸后粒重分别增加54.7%和49.7% After spraying 10 μmol·L⁻¹ IAA and 100 μmol·L⁻¹ naphthaleneacetic acid under high temperature, the grain weight increased by 54.7% and 49.7%, respectively	[87]
开花期全天高温处理8 d High temperature treatment throughout the flowering period for 8 days	孕穗末期叶面或穗部喷施50 μmol·L⁻¹ABA、 100 μmol·L⁻¹ ABA或1%原花青素 Spraying 50 μmol·L⁻¹ ABA, 100 μmol·L⁻¹ ABA, or 1% procyanidins on the leaves or panicles at the late booting stage	高温下喷施50 μmol·L⁻¹ ABA、100 μmol·L⁻¹ ABA和喷施1%原花青素后粒重分别增加6.2%、7.2%和5.2% After spraying 50 μmol·L⁻¹ ABA, 100 μmol·L⁻¹ ABA, and 1% procyanidins at high temperature, the grain weight increased by 6.2%, 7.2%, and 5.2%, respectively	[88]
授粉后5 d 全天高温处理5 d High temperature treatment for 5 days after pollination, starting from the 5th day	授粉3 d后连续3 d每穗每天喷施4 mL 1.5 mmol·L⁻¹亚精胺 After three days of pollination, spray 4 mL of 1.5 mmol·L⁻¹ spermidine on each panicle every day for 3 consecutive days	高温下喷施亚精胺粒重提高13.4% Spraying spermidine at high temperature increased grain weight by 13.4%	[89]
开花期白天高温处理5 d High temperature treatment during the flowering period for 5 days	高温处理前1 d和处理后3 d喷施500 μmol·L⁻¹ 水杨酸 Spray 500 μmol·L⁻¹ salicylic acid 1 day before high temperature treatment and 3 days after treatment	高温下喷施水杨酸显著提高粒重 Spraying salicylic acid under high temperature significantly increases grain weight	[77]