头季穗肥和促芽肥对再生稻再生芽生长及产量形成的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.221002

中国水稻科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 405-414.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.221002

头季穗肥和促芽肥对再生稻再生芽生长及产量形成的影响

高欠清¹, 任孝俭¹, 翟中兵², 郑普兵³, 吴源芬¹, 崔克辉¹()

¹作物遗传改良全国重点实验室/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/华中农业大学植物科学技术学院, 武汉 430070
²湖北省武穴市农业技术推广中心, 湖北武穴 435499
³湖北省洪湖市农业技术推广中心, 湖北洪湖 433200

收稿日期:2022-10-10 修回日期:2023-01-16 出版日期:2023-07-10 发布日期:2023-07-17
通讯作者: *email: cuikehui@mail.hzau.edu.cn
基金资助:
湖北省科技厅重点研发计划资助项目(2021BBA222)

Effects of Panicle and Bud-promoting Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Growth of Regenerated Bud and Grain Yield of Ratoon Rice

GAO Qianqing¹, REN Xiaojian¹, ZHAI Zhongbing², ZHENG Pubing³, WU Yuanfen¹, CUI Kehui¹()

¹National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
²Wuxue Agro-Technology Extension Service Center, Wuxue 435499, China
³Honghu Agro-Technology Extension Service Center, Honghu 433200, China

Received:2022-10-10 Revised:2023-01-16 Online:2023-07-10 Published:2023-07-17
Contact: *email: cuikehui@mail.hzau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究头季氮素穗肥和促芽肥运筹对再生稻再生芽生长、干物质积累及产量形成的影响及可能途径。【方法】 采用裂裂区设计，品种为主区(丰两优香1号和两优6326)，2个头季穗肥为副区(N₁，30 kg/hm²；N₂，60 kg/hm²)，3个再生季促芽肥为副副区(T₁、T₂和T₃分别为0、50和100 kg/hm²)，考查在不同氮肥运筹下两品种再生芽生长状况、干物质积累与分配、产量及产量构成因子。【结果】 头季高氮素穗肥对丰两优香1号头季产量无显著影响，显著提高两优6326头季产量，对两品种再生力和再生季产量无显著影响。增施促芽肥显著降低两品种头季齐穗前茎鞘干物质转运量和收获指数，提高不同节位再生芽芽长、活芽数和再生力，促进再生季齐穗后干物质积累，提高了再生季产量。此外，头季氮素穗肥和促芽肥对再生季产量具有显著交互作用。丰两优香1号在N₁T₃处理下周年产量最高(14.46 t/hm²)，两优6326在N₂T₂处理下周年产量最高(14.44 t/hm²)。单茎再生芽长、活芽数和芽生长速率与头季齐穗后干物质积累量呈显著正相关，与头季收获指数和头季齐穗前干物质转运量呈显著负相关，与再生力和再生季产量呈显著正相关。【结论】 头季高氮素穗肥对丰两优香1号和两优6326再生季产量没有显著影响，促芽肥施用可促进两品种再生芽生长，提高再生力和再生季产量，但过高施用量并没有进一步提高产量。头季穗肥和促芽肥互作显著影响再生季产量。施用促芽肥可通过增加头季茎鞘干物质积累来促进再生芽生长、再生季干物质积累与成穗，从而提高再生力和再生季产量。再生稻生产中应合理运筹穗肥和促芽肥以实现较高的再生季和周年产量。低头季穗肥和高促芽肥、高穗肥高促芽肥可分别实现丰两优香1号、两优6326周年高产。

关键词: 再生稻, 再生芽, 氮素穗肥和促芽肥, 干物质积累与分配, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 This experiment was carried out with the aim to investigate the effects of different nitrogen (N) managements on the growth of regenerated buds, dry matter accumulation and allocation and yield formation of ratoon rice.【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a split-split plot design with three replications. The varieties, Fengliangyouxiang 1(FLYX1) and Liangyou 6326 (LY6326), were designed as main plots, the two panicle nitrogen topdressing rates as sub-plots (N₁, 30 kg/hm²as low level; N₂, 60 kg/hm²as high level), and three nitrogen application rates of bud-promoting fertilizer as sub-sub plots (T₁, T₂, and T₃ were 0, 50 and 100 kg/hm²) under field conditions. The growth of regenerated bud, dry matter accumulation and allocation, aboveground biomass, grain yield and yield components of both varieties were measured.【Result】 The results showed that the high N fertilizer rate had no significant effect on main crop yield of FLYX1, but significantly increased the main crop yield of LY6326, and had no significant effect on ratooning ability and ratoon yield of both varieties. The application of bud-promoting nitrogen fertilizer significantly decreased dry matter translocation of stems and sheaths pre-full heading and harvest index in the main season, and increased dry matter accumulation post-full heading in the ratoon season, resulting in the high grain yield of ratoon rice via increasing the regenerated bud lengths at different nodes, the number of surviving buds and the ratooning ability. Besides, there were interaction effects between panicle nitrogen fertilizer application and bud-promoting nitrogen fertilizer application on ratoon rice yield. The highest annual production of FLYX1 and LY 6326 were 14.46 under the N₁T₃ treatment and 14.44 t/hm² under the N₂T₂ treatment. The regenerated bud length, survival number of buds, and bud growth rate were positively and significantly correlated with the post-full heading dry weight accumulation in the main crop, and negatively and significantly with the translocation of pre-full heading dry weight and harvest index of the main crop; the ratooning ability and ratoon rice yield were positively and significantly correlated with the regenerated bud length, survival number of buds, and bud growth rate.【Conclusion】 High panicle nitrogen fertilizer application rate in the main crop had no significant effect on ratoon yield of both varieties, the application of bud-promoting nitrogen fertilizer enhanced regenerated bud growth, ratooning ability and ratoon yield, and the interaction between panicle and bud-promoting fertilizers significantly affected ratoon yield. Our results showed that bud-promoting fertilizer application increased ratooning ability and ratoon yield mainly via enhancing stem dry matter accumulation in main season and ratoon season, prompting bud growth and panicle formation of ratoon rice. However, more application rate did not further increased ratoon yield. The combination of low panicle nitrogen fertilizer rate and high bud-promoting nitrogen fertilizer and the combination between high panicle nitrogen fertilizer and high bud-promoting nitrogen fertilizer were advantageous to high annual grain yield in FLYX1 and LY6326, respectively. The results suggest that optical application rates of panicle and bud-promoting nitrogen fertilizers is beneficial for high grain yield of ratoon rice.

Key words: ratoon rice, regenerated bud, panicle nitrogen fertilizer and bud-promoting fertilizer, dry matter accumulation and allocation, grain yiel

高欠清, 任孝俭, 翟中兵, 郑普兵, 吴源芬, 崔克辉. 头季穗肥和促芽肥对再生稻再生芽生长及产量形成的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023, 37(4): 405-414.

GAO Qianqing, REN Xiaojian, ZHAI Zhongbing, ZHENG Pubing, WU Yuanfen, CUI Kehui. Effects of Panicle and Bud-promoting Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Growth of Regenerated Bud and Grain Yield of Ratoon Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(4): 405-414.

图/表 5

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品种 Variety	穗肥 N /(kg·hm⁻²)	促芽肥 T /(kg·hm⁻²)	实际产量 Actual yield /(t·hm⁻²)	有效穗数 Effective panicle No. per m²	每穗颖花数 Spikelet No. per panicle	总颖花数 Spikelet No. /(×10³·m⁻²)	结实率 Filled grain rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /mg
丰两优香1号	N₁	T₁(0)	7.53 ab	226.4 a	140.6 a	31.8 a	90.9 a	27.0 c
Fengliangyouxiang 1	(30)	T₂(50)	7.40 ab	222.2 a	138.1 ab	30.7 ab	88.7 a	26.7 c
		T₃(100)	7.03 ab	217.4 a	138.6 ab	30.2 ab	89.5 a	26.4 c
		均值Mean	7.32 AB	222.0 A	139.1 AB	30.9 AB	89.7 A	26.7 C
	N₂	T₁(0)	7.16 ab	220.8 a	127.0 bc	28.1 b	90.5 a	27.9 b
	(60)	T₂(50)	7.19 ab	228.5 a	123.2 c	28.0 b	91.7 a	28.0 b
		T₃(100)	7.25 ab	219.4 a	135.8 abc	29.8 ab	89.1 a	27.1 c
		均值Mean	7.20 AB	222.9 A	128.7 AB	28.6 AB	90.4 A	27.7 B
两优6326	N₁	T₁(0)	7.05 ab	226.4 a	123.3 c	27.9 b	91.4 a	29.3 a
Liangyou 6326	(30)	T₂(50)	6.92 ab	224.3 a	124.8 c	28.0 b	91.5 a	28.5 b
		T₃(100)	6.85 b	225.7 a	124.7 c	28.2 ab	89.0 a	28.4 b
		均值Mean	6.94 B	225.5 A	124.3 B	28.0 B	90.6 A	28.7 A
	N₂	T₁(0)	7.93 a	220.8 a	140.2 a	31.0 ab	90.3 a	28.4 b
	(60)	T₂(50)	7.84 ab	226.4 a	138.6 ab	31.4 ab	90.1 a	28.2 b
		T₃(100)	7.29 ab	228.5 a	138.9 ab	31.8 a	89.3 a	27.9 b
		均值Mean	7.69 A	225.2 A	139.2 A	31.4 A	89.9 A	28.2 AB
ANOVA
品种 Variety(V)			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*
穗肥 Top-dressing for panicle initiation(N)			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
促芽肥 Bud-promoting fertilizer(T)			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	**
V×N			*	ns	*	*	ns	*
V×T			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
N×T			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
V×N×T			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

品种 Variety	穗肥 N /(kg·hm⁻²)	促芽肥 T /(kg·hm⁻²)	实际产量 Actual yield /(t·hm⁻²)	有效穗数 Effective panicle No. per m²	每穗颖花数 Spikelet No. per panicle	总颖花数 Spikelet No. /(×10³·m⁻²)	结实率 Filled grain rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /mg
丰两优香1号	N₁	T₁(0)	7.53 ab	226.4 a	140.6 a	31.8 a	90.9 a	27.0 c
Fengliangyouxiang 1	(30)	T₂(50)	7.40 ab	222.2 a	138.1 ab	30.7 ab	88.7 a	26.7 c
		T₃(100)	7.03 ab	217.4 a	138.6 ab	30.2 ab	89.5 a	26.4 c
		均值Mean	7.32 AB	222.0 A	139.1 AB	30.9 AB	89.7 A	26.7 C
	N₂	T₁(0)	7.16 ab	220.8 a	127.0 bc	28.1 b	90.5 a	27.9 b
	(60)	T₂(50)	7.19 ab	228.5 a	123.2 c	28.0 b	91.7 a	28.0 b
		T₃(100)	7.25 ab	219.4 a	135.8 abc	29.8 ab	89.1 a	27.1 c
		均值Mean	7.20 AB	222.9 A	128.7 AB	28.6 AB	90.4 A	27.7 B
两优6326	N₁	T₁(0)	7.05 ab	226.4 a	123.3 c	27.9 b	91.4 a	29.3 a
Liangyou 6326	(30)	T₂(50)	6.92 ab	224.3 a	124.8 c	28.0 b	91.5 a	28.5 b
		T₃(100)	6.85 b	225.7 a	124.7 c	28.2 ab	89.0 a	28.4 b
		均值Mean	6.94 B	225.5 A	124.3 B	28.0 B	90.6 A	28.7 A
	N₂	T₁(0)	7.93 a	220.8 a	140.2 a	31.0 ab	90.3 a	28.4 b
	(60)	T₂(50)	7.84 ab	226.4 a	138.6 ab	31.4 ab	90.1 a	28.2 b
		T₃(100)	7.29 ab	228.5 a	138.9 ab	31.8 a	89.3 a	27.9 b
		均值Mean	7.69 A	225.2 A	139.2 A	31.4 A	89.9 A	28.2 AB
ANOVA
品种 Variety(V)			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*
穗肥 Top-dressing for panicle initiation(N)			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
促芽肥 Bud-promoting fertilizer(T)			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	**
V×N			*	ns	*	*	ns	*
V×T			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
N×T			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
V×N×T			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

品种 Variety	穗肥 N /(kg·hm⁻²)	促芽肥 T /(kg·hm⁻²)	实际产量 Actual yield /(t·hm⁻²)	有效穗数 Effective panicle No. per m²	每穗颖花数 Spikelet No. per panicle	总颖花数 Spikelet No. /(×10³·m⁻²)	结实率 Filled grain rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /mg
丰两优香1号	N₁	T₁(0)	5.22 d	270.1 ef	88.5 abc	23.9 de	92.0 a	25.3 ab
Fengliangyouxiang 1	(30)	T₂(50)	6.72 ab	383.3 cd	88.4 abc	33.9 bc	87.8 abc	24.5 cde
		T₃(100)	7.43 a	400.0 ab	86.4 bcd	34.6 bc	89.0 ab	23.9 e
		均值Mean	6.45 A	351.2 AB	87.8 AB	30.8 AB	89.6 A	24.6 B
	N₂	T₁(0)	5.57 d	274.3 e	77.6 de	21.3 ef	88.3 abc	25.5 ab
	(60)	T₂(50)	6.51 bc	393.1 bc	84.9 cde	33.3 bc	87.7 abcd	24.3 e
		T₃(100)	6.57 b	403.5 ab	87.5 abcd	35.3 bc	87.0 bcd	24.0 e
		均值Mean	6.22 A	357.0 A	83.3 B	30.0 AB	87.7 AB	24.6 B
两优6326	N₁	T₁(0)	5.35 d	257.6 f	76.0 e	19.6 f	89.6 ab	25.8 a
Liangyou 6326	(30)	T₂(50)	7.02 ab	381.9 cd	84.6 cde	32.3 c	87.3 bcd	25.2 ab
		T₃(100)	7.11 ab	411.8 a	89.1 abc	36.7 ab	84.3 cd	25.0 bcd
		均值Mean	6.49 A	350.5 AB	83.3 B	29.5 B	87.1 B	25.3 A
	N₂	T₁(0)	5.80 cd	266.0 ef	97.3 a	25.9 d	88.1 abc	25.5 ab
	(60)	T₂(50)	6.60 b	373.6 d	95.5 ab	35.7 bc	85.6 bcd	25.1 bc
		T₃(100)	6.70 b	407.6 ab	97.2 a	39.6 a	83.1 d	24.4 de
		均值Mean	6.36 A	349.1 B	96.6 A	33.7 A	85.6 B	25.0 A
ANOVA
品种 Variety (V)			ns	*	ns	ns	*	*
穗肥 Top-dressing for panicle initiation (N)			ns	ns	*	*	*	ns
促芽肥 Bud-promoting fertilizer (T)			***	***	ns	***	*	***
V×N			ns	ns	**	**	ns	ns
V×T			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
N×T			**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
V×N×T			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

品种 Variety	穗肥 N /(kg·hm⁻²)	促芽肥 T /(kg·hm⁻²)	实际产量 Actual yield /(t·hm⁻²)	有效穗数 Effective panicle No. per m²	每穗颖花数 Spikelet No. per panicle	总颖花数 Spikelet No. /(×10³·m⁻²)	结实率 Filled grain rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /mg
丰两优香1号	N₁	T₁(0)	5.22 d	270.1 ef	88.5 abc	23.9 de	92.0 a	25.3 ab
Fengliangyouxiang 1	(30)	T₂(50)	6.72 ab	383.3 cd	88.4 abc	33.9 bc	87.8 abc	24.5 cde
		T₃(100)	7.43 a	400.0 ab	86.4 bcd	34.6 bc	89.0 ab	23.9 e
		均值Mean	6.45 A	351.2 AB	87.8 AB	30.8 AB	89.6 A	24.6 B
	N₂	T₁(0)	5.57 d	274.3 e	77.6 de	21.3 ef	88.3 abc	25.5 ab
	(60)	T₂(50)	6.51 bc	393.1 bc	84.9 cde	33.3 bc	87.7 abcd	24.3 e
		T₃(100)	6.57 b	403.5 ab	87.5 abcd	35.3 bc	87.0 bcd	24.0 e
		均值Mean	6.22 A	357.0 A	83.3 B	30.0 AB	87.7 AB	24.6 B
两优6326	N₁	T₁(0)	5.35 d	257.6 f	76.0 e	19.6 f	89.6 ab	25.8 a
Liangyou 6326	(30)	T₂(50)	7.02 ab	381.9 cd	84.6 cde	32.3 c	87.3 bcd	25.2 ab
		T₃(100)	7.11 ab	411.8 a	89.1 abc	36.7 ab	84.3 cd	25.0 bcd
		均值Mean	6.49 A	350.5 AB	83.3 B	29.5 B	87.1 B	25.3 A
	N₂	T₁(0)	5.80 cd	266.0 ef	97.3 a	25.9 d	88.1 abc	25.5 ab
	(60)	T₂(50)	6.60 b	373.6 d	95.5 ab	35.7 bc	85.6 bcd	25.1 bc
		T₃(100)	6.70 b	407.6 ab	97.2 a	39.6 a	83.1 d	24.4 de
		均值Mean	6.36 A	349.1 B	96.6 A	33.7 A	85.6 B	25.0 A
ANOVA
品种 Variety (V)			ns	*	ns	ns	*	*
穗肥 Top-dressing for panicle initiation (N)			ns	ns	*	*	*	ns
促芽肥 Bud-promoting fertilizer (T)			***	***	ns	***	*	***
V×N			ns	ns	**	**	ns	ns
V×T			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
N×T			**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
V×N×T			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

品种 Variety	穗肥 N /(kg·hm⁻²)	促芽肥 T /(kg·hm⁻²)	头季Main season				再生季Ratoon season
品种 Variety	穗肥 N /(kg·hm⁻²)	促芽肥 T /(kg·hm⁻²)	TDW_MD /(t·hm⁻²)	HI /%	DMT /(t·hm⁻²)	DMA /(t·hm⁻²)	TDW_MD /(t·hm⁻²)	HI /%	DMT /(t·hm⁻²)	DMA /(t·hm⁻²)
丰两优香1号	N₁	T₁(0)	14.43 bc	54.0 a	1.90 a	5.90 bcd	8.36 de	66.3 a	0.84 a	4.71 cd
Fengliangyouxiang 1	(30)	T₂(50)	15.20 ab	47.8 cd	1.08 b	6.18 abcd	10.69 ab	68.3 a	0.86 a	6.43 ab
		T₃(100)	14.32 bc	49.8 bc	0.90 bc	6.23 abcd	10.85 ab	67.7 a	0.85 a	6.50 ab
		均值Mean	14.65 A	50.5 A	1.29 A	6.10 A	9.97 AB	67.4 A	0.85 A	5.88 A
	N₂	T₁(0)	13.63 c	51.8 ab	1.93 a	5.14 d	7.24 e	66.1 a	0.84 a	3.94 d
	(60)	T₂(50)	14.73 bc	48.8 bcd	0.87 bc	6.32 abc	10.35 bc	68.6 a	0.68 a	6.42 abc
		T₃(100)	14.88 ab	48.2 cd	0.73 bc	6.45 abc	11.02 ab	66.9 a	0.63 a	6.75 ab
		均值Mean	14.41 A	49.6 A	1.18 A	5.97 A	9.53 B	67.2 AB	0.72 A	5.70 A
两优6326	N₁	T₁(0)	14.75 bc	50.6 bc	1.16 b	6.31 abc	6.97 e	65.1 a	0.81 a	3.73 d
Liangyou 6326	(30)	T₂(50)	15.09 ab	48.3 cd	0.29 c	6.99 abc	10.66 ab	66.8 a	0.73 a	6.39 abc
		T₃(100)	15.38 ab	46.4 d	0.31 c	6.83 abc	11.88 ab	65.2 a	0.68 a	7.07 ab
		均值Mean	15.08 A	48.4 A	0.59 B	6.71 A	9.84 B	65.7 B	0.74 A	5.73 A
	N₂	T₁(0)	15.38 ab	51.6 ab	2.12 a	5.82 cd	8.95 cd	64.9 a	0.52 a	5.29 bcd
	(60)	T₂(50)	16.07 a	49.7 bcd	0.89 bc	7.09 a	11.71 ab	65.5 a	0.33 a	7.34 a
		T₃(100)	16.02 a	49.3 bcd	0.91 bc	6.99 ab	12.06 a	66.9 a	0.40 a	7.65 a
		均值Mean	15.82 A	50.2 A	1.31 A	6.64 A	10.91 A	65.8 AB	0.42 A	6.76 A
ANOVA
品种 Variety (V)			ns	ns	ns	*	ns	**	ns	ns
穗肥 Top-dressing for panicle initiation (N)			ns	ns	***	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
促芽肥 Bud-promoting fertilizer (T)			*	***	***	**	***	ns	ns	***
V×N			ns	ns	***	ns	*	ns	ns	ns
V×T			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
N×T			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
V×N×T			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

头季穗肥和促芽肥对再生稻再生芽生长及产量形成的影响

Effects of Panicle and Bud-promoting Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Growth of Regenerated Bud and Grain Yield of Ratoon Rice

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Metrics

性状 Character	头季收获指数 HI of main season	头季齐穗前干物质转运量 DMT of main season	头季齐穗后干物质积累量 DMA of main season	再生力 Ratooning ability	再生季产量 Ratoon crop yield
单茎芽长	−0.77^**	−0.81^**	0.84^***	0.83^***	0.89^***
Bud length per stem
单茎活芽数	−0.79^**	−0.76^**	0.79^**	0.80^**	0.86^***
Bud number per stem
单茎芽生长速率	−0.75^**	−0.81^**	0.85^***	0.80^**	0.86^***
Bud growth rate per stem
再生力	−0.82^**	−0.81^**	0.64^*		0.93^***
Ratooning ability
再生季产量	−0.80^**	−0.79^**	0.62^*
Ratoon yield

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