中国水稻科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 392-404.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.221007

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

株行距配置对超高产田水稻产量及根系形态生理特性的影响

董立强, 杨铁鑫, 李睿, 商文奇, 马亮, 李跃东(), 隋国民   

  1. 辽宁省水稻研究所, 沈阳110101
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-25 修回日期:2023-01-17 出版日期:2023-07-10 发布日期:2023-07-17
  • 通讯作者: *email: daozuosuo@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFD0300700);辽宁省农业农村厅水稻种植结构调整专项(5002029);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金青年基金资助项目(2022QN2302)

Effect of Plant-row Spacing on Rice Yield and Root Morphological and Physiological Characteristics in Super High Yield Field

DONG Liqiang, YANG Tiexin, LI Rui, SHANG Wenqi, MA Liang, LI Yuedong(), SUI Guomin   

  1. Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110101, China
  • Received:2022-10-25 Revised:2023-01-17 Online:2023-07-10 Published:2023-07-17
  • Contact: *email: daozuosuo@126.com

摘要:

【目的】 研究不同株行距配置对超高产田水稻产量的影响,明确增密栽培模式增产的机理。【方法】 于2020-2021年以辽粳419为试材,以农户习惯栽培(LFM)、常规增密配置(CHMD)、窄行增密(NHDM)和两种宽窄行配置(WNHDM1和WNHDM2)共计5种模式为处理,以水稻根系形态和生理特性及产量为主要研究内容,探究株行距配置对超高产田水稻产量及根系形态生理特性的影响,阐明增密模式水稻根系分布与产量构成因素的关系,揭示水稻超高产田增密模式水稻增产的机理。【结果】 同LFM相比,WNHDM1和WNHDM2分别提高有效分蘖数19.24%和18.16%,单穗成粒数、结实率等保持稳定;WNHDM1和WNHDM2行内(窄行)区域根系指标较其他模式并未降低,而行外(宽行)区域差异较大,总根长、总根径、总根表面积、总根体积及总根干质量在两个生长季平均增加21.07%和26.76%、10.71%和9.18%、21.13%和26.77%、21.15%和27.62%及23.48%和29.71%;齐穗期和灌浆期水稻根系形态指标与有效穗数和产量正相关。【结论】 优化株行距配置增密模式,为水稻提供了根系行内、行外不对称生长空间,形成了根部边际效应,提高了水稻群体根干质量、根系表面积和根体积并保持了较强的根系氧化力,促进有效穗的形成,达到增产的目的。

关键词: 水稻, 超高产, 根系形态生理特性, 株行距配置

Abstract:

【Objective】 It is very crucial to investigate the effects of plant-row spacing on rice yield in super-high-yield field and clarify the mechanism behind high yield of rice in high-density mode.【Method】 In 2020 and 2021, Liaojing 419 was grown under five cultivation modes including local farmers' mode (LFM), conventional high-density mode (CHMD), narrow-row high-density mode (NHDM) and two wide and narrow row modes (WNHDM1 and WNHDM2). We measured the root morphological and physiological indexes and the composition factors of rice yield to explore the effects of plant and row spacing on rice yield and root morphological and physiological characteristics in super high-yield fields, clarify the relationship between root distribution and yield composition factors of rice in high-density mode, and reveal the mechanism of high yield of rice in super-high-yield fields in high-density mode.【Result】 Compared with LFM, the productive panicle number under WNHDM1 and WNHDM2 increased by 19.24% and 18.16%, respectively, and grain number per panicle and seed setting rate remained stable. The root indexes of IN(narrow row) area in WNHDM1 and WNHDM2 were not lower than those of other modes, but the difference was greater in OUT(wide row) area, total root length, total root diameter, total root surface area, total root volume and total root dry weight increased by 21.07% and 26.76%, 10.71% and 9.18%, 21.13% and 26.77%, 21.15% and 27.62% and 23.48% and 29.71% in two growing seasons. The root morphological indices in WNHDM1 and WNHDM2 had a positive correlation with panicle number and yield at heading stage and filling stage.【Conclusion】 The high-density mode with optimized plant and row spacing provides rice with asymmetric growth space inside and outside the row, exerts root marginal effect, improves root dry weight, root surface area and root volume, maintains strong root oxidation activity, lays a good basis for the formation of more productive panicles, and achieves the purpose of increasing rice yield.

Key words: rice, super high yield, root morphological and physiological characteristics, plant-row spacing