中国水稻科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 392-404.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.221007
董立强, 杨铁鑫, 李睿, 商文奇, 马亮, 李跃东(), 隋国民
收稿日期:
2022-10-25
修回日期:
2023-01-17
出版日期:
2023-07-10
发布日期:
2023-07-17
通讯作者:
*email: daozuosuo@126.com
基金资助:
DONG Liqiang, YANG Tiexin, LI Rui, SHANG Wenqi, MA Liang, LI Yuedong(), SUI Guomin
Received:
2022-10-25
Revised:
2023-01-17
Online:
2023-07-10
Published:
2023-07-17
Contact:
*email: daozuosuo@126.com
摘要:
【目的】 研究不同株行距配置对超高产田水稻产量的影响,明确增密栽培模式增产的机理。【方法】 于2020-2021年以辽粳419为试材,以农户习惯栽培(LFM)、常规增密配置(CHMD)、窄行增密(NHDM)和两种宽窄行配置(WNHDM1和WNHDM2)共计5种模式为处理,以水稻根系形态和生理特性及产量为主要研究内容,探究株行距配置对超高产田水稻产量及根系形态生理特性的影响,阐明增密模式水稻根系分布与产量构成因素的关系,揭示水稻超高产田增密模式水稻增产的机理。【结果】 同LFM相比,WNHDM1和WNHDM2分别提高有效分蘖数19.24%和18.16%,单穗成粒数、结实率等保持稳定;WNHDM1和WNHDM2行内(窄行)区域根系指标较其他模式并未降低,而行外(宽行)区域差异较大,总根长、总根径、总根表面积、总根体积及总根干质量在两个生长季平均增加21.07%和26.76%、10.71%和9.18%、21.13%和26.77%、21.15%和27.62%及23.48%和29.71%;齐穗期和灌浆期水稻根系形态指标与有效穗数和产量正相关。【结论】 优化株行距配置增密模式,为水稻提供了根系行内、行外不对称生长空间,形成了根部边际效应,提高了水稻群体根干质量、根系表面积和根体积并保持了较强的根系氧化力,促进有效穗的形成,达到增产的目的。
董立强, 杨铁鑫, 李睿, 商文奇, 马亮, 李跃东, 隋国民. 株行距配置对超高产田水稻产量及根系形态生理特性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023, 37(4): 392-404.
DONG Liqiang, YANG Tiexin, LI Rui, SHANG Wenqi, MA Liang, LI Yuedong, SUI Guomin. Effect of Plant-row Spacing on Rice Yield and Root Morphological and Physiological Characteristics in Super High Yield Field[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(4): 392-404.
栽植配置方式 Cultivation mode | 并列2行间距 Neighbor row spacing /cm | 株距 Plant spacing /cm | 每平穴数 Hill number per m2 | 增密比例 Density increased /% |
---|---|---|---|---|
农户习惯栽培模式Local farmers’ mode(LFM) | 30/30 | 18 | 18.52 | — |
传统增密配置模式Conventional high-density mode (CHDM) | 30/30 | 14 | 23.81 | 28.57 |
窄行增密模式 Narrow-row high-density mode(NHDM) | 25/25 | 17 | 23.53 | 27.06 |
宽窄行配置模式1 Wide-narrow row high-density mode 1(WNHDM1) | 17/33 | 17 | 23.53 | 27.06 |
宽窄行配置模式2 Wide-narrow row high-density mode 2(WNHDM2) | 17/37 | 16 | 23.15 | 25.00 |
表1 本研究中的株行距配置
Table 1. Plant-row spacing in the study.
栽植配置方式 Cultivation mode | 并列2行间距 Neighbor row spacing /cm | 株距 Plant spacing /cm | 每平穴数 Hill number per m2 | 增密比例 Density increased /% |
---|---|---|---|---|
农户习惯栽培模式Local farmers’ mode(LFM) | 30/30 | 18 | 18.52 | — |
传统增密配置模式Conventional high-density mode (CHDM) | 30/30 | 14 | 23.81 | 28.57 |
窄行增密模式 Narrow-row high-density mode(NHDM) | 25/25 | 17 | 23.53 | 27.06 |
宽窄行配置模式1 Wide-narrow row high-density mode 1(WNHDM1) | 17/33 | 17 | 23.53 | 27.06 |
宽窄行配置模式2 Wide-narrow row high-density mode 2(WNHDM2) | 17/37 | 16 | 23.15 | 25.00 |
年度 Year | 处理 Treatment | 有效穗数PPR/(×104·hm−2) | 成穗率 PPR/% | 穗粒数 FG | 结实率 SSR/% | 千粒重 TWS/g | 实际产量 AY/(kg·hm−2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | LFM | 359.6±8.1 b | 86.4±1.6 a | 121.8±2.8 a | 93.3±1.7 a | 25.5±0.5 a | 10577.9±192.9 b |
CHDM | 419.9±5.7 a | 78.4±0.7 b | 109.8±1.5 cd | 86.2±0.8 b | 24.9±0.2 a | 11002.6±102.5 b | |
NHDM | 426.6±8.8 a | 79.1±2.0 b | 109.0±2.3 d | 87.6±2.2 b | 24.8±0.6 a | 11182.3±277.9 b | |
WNHDM1 | 428.8±4.8 a | 82.2±1.4 ab | 114.8±1.3 bc | 90.8±1.4 ab | 25.3±0.4 a | 12004.2±182.1 a | |
WNHDM2 | 424.9±7.3 a | 85.9±1.1 a | 119.4±2.0 ab | 93.0±1.2 a | 25.3±0.3 a | 12339.4±164.6 a | |
2021 | LFM | 349.1±7.9 b | 86.5±1.6 a | 122.1±2.8 a | 91.9±1.7 a | 25.6±0.5 a | 10471.7±190.0 b |
CHDM | 416.4±5.7 a | 78.3±0.7 c | 108.1±1.5 cd | 84.1±0.7 c | 24.8±0.2 a | 10897.6±100.6 b | |
NHDM | 418.8±6.0 a | 78.1±2.0 c | 105.9±2.2 d | 86.0±2.2 bc | 24.9±0.6 a | 10807.1±270.6 b | |
WNHDM1 | 427.4±4.8 a | 81.5±1.3 bc | 111.7±1.3 bc | 88.4±1.4 abc | 25.2±0.4 a | 11734.3±179.6 a | |
WNHDM2 | 425.1±7.3 a | 85.1±1.1 ab | 116.1±2.0 b | 90.4±1.1 ab | 25.3±0.3 a | 12075.6±159.6 a |
表2 株行距配置对超高产田水稻产量及其构成因素的影响
Table 2. Effects of plant and row spacing on rice yield and its components in super high yield field.
年度 Year | 处理 Treatment | 有效穗数PPR/(×104·hm−2) | 成穗率 PPR/% | 穗粒数 FG | 结实率 SSR/% | 千粒重 TWS/g | 实际产量 AY/(kg·hm−2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | LFM | 359.6±8.1 b | 86.4±1.6 a | 121.8±2.8 a | 93.3±1.7 a | 25.5±0.5 a | 10577.9±192.9 b |
CHDM | 419.9±5.7 a | 78.4±0.7 b | 109.8±1.5 cd | 86.2±0.8 b | 24.9±0.2 a | 11002.6±102.5 b | |
NHDM | 426.6±8.8 a | 79.1±2.0 b | 109.0±2.3 d | 87.6±2.2 b | 24.8±0.6 a | 11182.3±277.9 b | |
WNHDM1 | 428.8±4.8 a | 82.2±1.4 ab | 114.8±1.3 bc | 90.8±1.4 ab | 25.3±0.4 a | 12004.2±182.1 a | |
WNHDM2 | 424.9±7.3 a | 85.9±1.1 a | 119.4±2.0 ab | 93.0±1.2 a | 25.3±0.3 a | 12339.4±164.6 a | |
2021 | LFM | 349.1±7.9 b | 86.5±1.6 a | 122.1±2.8 a | 91.9±1.7 a | 25.6±0.5 a | 10471.7±190.0 b |
CHDM | 416.4±5.7 a | 78.3±0.7 c | 108.1±1.5 cd | 84.1±0.7 c | 24.8±0.2 a | 10897.6±100.6 b | |
NHDM | 418.8±6.0 a | 78.1±2.0 c | 105.9±2.2 d | 86.0±2.2 bc | 24.9±0.6 a | 10807.1±270.6 b | |
WNHDM1 | 427.4±4.8 a | 81.5±1.3 bc | 111.7±1.3 bc | 88.4±1.4 abc | 25.2±0.4 a | 11734.3±179.6 a | |
WNHDM2 | 425.1±7.3 a | 85.1±1.1 ab | 116.1±2.0 b | 90.4±1.1 ab | 25.3±0.3 a | 12075.6±159.6 a |
图10 超高产田水稻根系指标与产量及构成因素相关性 图中a、b、c、d、e、f分别为产量及其构成因素与根长、根直径、根系氧化力、根表面积、根体积、根干质量的相关系数。
Fig. 10. Correlation between root index and yield and its components in super high yield rice. a, b, c, d, e, f, illuminate correlation of yield and its components with root length, diameter, oxidation activity, surface area, volume, dry weight,respectively.
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