中国水稻科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 511-518.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001G7216.2015.05.008
郭保卫#, 胡雅杰#, 钱海军, 曹伟伟, 邢志鹏, 张洪程*(), 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕
收稿日期:
2015-02-09
修回日期:
2015-04-11
出版日期:
2015-09-10
发布日期:
2015-09-10
通讯作者:
郭保卫,胡雅杰,张洪程
作者简介:
*通讯录作者:E-mail:hczhang@yzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Bao-wei GUO, Ya-jie HU, Hai-jun QIAN, Wei-wei CAO, Zhi-peng XING, Hong-cheng ZHANG*(), Qi-gen DAI, Zhong-yang HUO, Ke XU, Hai-yan WEI
Received:
2015-02-09
Revised:
2015-04-11
Online:
2015-09-10
Published:
2015-09-10
Contact:
Hong-cheng ZHANG
About author:
*Corresponding author:E-mail:hczhang@yzu.edu.cn
摘要:
为探明秸秆还田条件下机插稻适宜施氮量,阐明机插稻产量和高质量群体形成对氮肥响应的特点,在大田秸秆全量还田条件下,以优质食味水稻南粳9108为材料,设置0、135.0、202.5、270.0、337.5、405.0 kg/hm2等6种施氮水平,研究氮肥用量对机插稻产量及其构成和群体质量的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量增加,机插稻产量先增加后减少,以施氮量为270 kg/hm2产量最高。产量提高的主要原因是较高的群体颖花量,在施氮量为270 kg/hm2 条件下,机插稻群体颖花量达最大值。机插稻单位面积穗数随着施氮量增加而增加,每穗粒数先增后减,而结实率和千粒重表现为递减趋势。随着氮肥用量增加,机插稻分蘖中期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期的茎蘖数、叶面积指数、光合势和干物质积累量均呈递增趋势,而抽穗后干物质积累量、成穗率、有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率和粒叶比呈先增后降的趋势。因此,秸秆还田后适当增加施氮量利于提高机插稻产量,优化群体质量。
中图分类号:
郭保卫, 胡雅杰, 钱海军, 曹伟伟, 邢志鹏, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. 秸秆还田下适宜施氮量提高机插稻南粳9108产量和群体质量[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(5): 511-518.
Bao-wei GUO, Ya-jie HU, Hai-jun QIAN, Wei-wei CAO, Zhi-peng XING, Hong-cheng ZHANG, Qi-gen DAI, Zhong-yang HUO, Ke XU, Hai-yan WEI. Optimal Nitrogen Rate Improves Grain Yield and Population Quality of Mechanical Transplanted Rice Nanjing 9108 Under Straw Manuring[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2015, 29(5): 511-518.
图1 秸秆还田与不同施氮量条件下机插稻产量与施氮量的关系
Fig.1. Relationship between nitrogen rate and yield of mechanical transplanting rice at various nitragen rates with straw manuring.
年度 Year | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 穗数 Number of panicles /(×104·hm-2) | 每穗粒数 Number of spikelets per panicle | 群体颖花量 Total number of spikelets /(×108·hm-2) | 结实率 Filled grain percentage /% | 千粒重 1000-grain weight /g | 理论产量 Theoretical yield /(kg·hm-2) | 实产 Actual yield /(kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | N0 | 258.16 f | 108.55 d | 2.80 d | 96.13 a | 26.74 a | 7 202.3 e | 6 931.3 e |
N1 | 330.45 e | 118.08 c | 3.90 c | 96.07 a | 26.46 ab | 9 917.8 d | 9 681.3 d | |
N2 | 346.68 d | 122.32 c | 4.24 b | 95.22 a | 26.40 ab | 10 660.6 c | 10 330.0 c | |
N3 | 357.93 c | 136.12 a | 4.87 a | 95.15 a | 25.78 b | 11 948.6 a | 11 578.8 a | |
N4 | 369.23 b | 128.05 b | 4.73 a | 93.54 ab | 25.66 b | 11 350.4 b | 11 017.5 b | |
N5 | 379.92 a | 124.17 bc | 4.72 a | 92.72 b | 25.39 b | 11 104.4 bc | 10 802.5 bc | |
2014 | N0 | 230.58 e | 112.20 d | 2.59 e | 95.65 a | 26.87 a | 6 649.0 e | 6 426.8 e |
N1 | 304.08 d | 125.17 c | 3.81 d | 94.84 ab | 26.24 ab | 9 470.8 d | 9 215.6 d | |
N2 | 320.04 c | 127.00 c | 4.06 c | 94.69 ab | 26.12 ab | 10 051.8 c | 9 915.7 c | |
N3 | 342.15 b | 142.62 a | 4.88 a | 94.65 ab | 25.98 ab | 12 001.5 a | 11 805.6 a | |
N4 | 346.80 ab | 135.36 b | 4.69 ab | 94.26 ab | 25.79 b | 11 409.9 b | 11 020.1 b | |
N5 | 352.08 a | 130.77 bc | 4.60 b | 93.14 b | 25.49 b | 10 930.6 bc | 10 643.7 bc |
表1 秸秆还田条件下不同氮肥水平下机插水稻产量及其构成因素
Table 1 Grain yield and its components of mechanical transplanting rice at different nitrogen rates with straw manuring.
年度 Year | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 穗数 Number of panicles /(×104·hm-2) | 每穗粒数 Number of spikelets per panicle | 群体颖花量 Total number of spikelets /(×108·hm-2) | 结实率 Filled grain percentage /% | 千粒重 1000-grain weight /g | 理论产量 Theoretical yield /(kg·hm-2) | 实产 Actual yield /(kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | N0 | 258.16 f | 108.55 d | 2.80 d | 96.13 a | 26.74 a | 7 202.3 e | 6 931.3 e |
N1 | 330.45 e | 118.08 c | 3.90 c | 96.07 a | 26.46 ab | 9 917.8 d | 9 681.3 d | |
N2 | 346.68 d | 122.32 c | 4.24 b | 95.22 a | 26.40 ab | 10 660.6 c | 10 330.0 c | |
N3 | 357.93 c | 136.12 a | 4.87 a | 95.15 a | 25.78 b | 11 948.6 a | 11 578.8 a | |
N4 | 369.23 b | 128.05 b | 4.73 a | 93.54 ab | 25.66 b | 11 350.4 b | 11 017.5 b | |
N5 | 379.92 a | 124.17 bc | 4.72 a | 92.72 b | 25.39 b | 11 104.4 bc | 10 802.5 bc | |
2014 | N0 | 230.58 e | 112.20 d | 2.59 e | 95.65 a | 26.87 a | 6 649.0 e | 6 426.8 e |
N1 | 304.08 d | 125.17 c | 3.81 d | 94.84 ab | 26.24 ab | 9 470.8 d | 9 215.6 d | |
N2 | 320.04 c | 127.00 c | 4.06 c | 94.69 ab | 26.12 ab | 10 051.8 c | 9 915.7 c | |
N3 | 342.15 b | 142.62 a | 4.88 a | 94.65 ab | 25.98 ab | 12 001.5 a | 11 805.6 a | |
N4 | 346.80 ab | 135.36 b | 4.69 ab | 94.26 ab | 25.79 b | 11 409.9 b | 11 020.1 b | |
N5 | 352.08 a | 130.77 bc | 4.60 b | 93.14 b | 25.49 b | 10 930.6 bc | 10 643.7 bc |
产量构成因素 Factor | 产量构成因素间相关系数 Correlation coefficient among yield components | 对Y效应 Effect for Y (Pi-Y) | 对X3效应 Effect for X3 (Pi-X3) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | Y(Yield) | |||
穗数Panicle number (X1) | 0.685* | 0.952** | -0.683* | -0.869** | 0.934** | 0.666 | |
每穗粒数Spikelet number per panicle (X2) | 0.874** | -0.485 | -0.704* | 0.888** | 0.418 | ||
群体颖花量Total spikelet number (X3) | -0.661* | -0.878** | 0.992** | 1.183 | |||
结实率Filled grain number (X4) | 0.897** | -0.574 | 0.040 | ||||
千粒重1000-grain weight (X5) | -0.815** | 0.187 |
表2 产量与其构成因素间的相关系数及直接通径系数
Table 2 Correlation coefficient and path coefficient between yield and yield components.
产量构成因素 Factor | 产量构成因素间相关系数 Correlation coefficient among yield components | 对Y效应 Effect for Y (Pi-Y) | 对X3效应 Effect for X3 (Pi-X3) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | Y(Yield) | |||
穗数Panicle number (X1) | 0.685* | 0.952** | -0.683* | -0.869** | 0.934** | 0.666 | |
每穗粒数Spikelet number per panicle (X2) | 0.874** | -0.485 | -0.704* | 0.888** | 0.418 | ||
群体颖花量Total spikelet number (X3) | -0.661* | -0.878** | 0.992** | 1.183 | |||
结实率Filled grain number (X4) | 0.897** | -0.574 | 0.040 | ||||
千粒重1000-grain weight (X5) | -0.815** | 0.187 |
年度 Year | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 分蘖中期 Mid-tillering /(×104·hm-2) | 拔节期 Jointing /(×104·hm-2) | 抽穗期 Heading /(×104·hm-2) | 成熟期 Maturity /(×104·hm-2) | 成穗率 Percentage of productive tiller/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | N0 | 207.50 f | 380.75 f | 281.85 e | 262.47 e | 68.94 c |
N1 | 270.12 e | 448.00 e | 346.75 d | 331.95 d | 74.10 ab | |
N2 | 290.75 d | 465.50 d | 359.25 c | 349.68 c | 75.12 a | |
N3 | 301.75 c | 477.50 c | 376.62 b | 358.83 bc | 75.15 a | |
N4 | 317.63 b | 510.25 b | 377.75 b | 370.73 ab | 72.66 b | |
N5 | 335.13 a | 535.00 a | 390.50 a | 382.92 a | 71.57 b | |
2014 | N0 | 179.55 e | 332.33 e | 255.15 f | 230.58 e | 69.38 c |
N1 | 278.78 d | 402.45 d | 321.30 e | 304.08 d | 75.56 a | |
N2 | 293.63 c | 422.10 c | 332.33 d | 320.04 c | 75.82 a | |
N3 | 309.45 b | 428.40 c | 353.35 c | 340.70 b | 76.96 a | |
N4 | 326.78 a | 472.50 b | 368.55 b | 347.20 ab | 72.00 b | |
N5 | 327.60 a | 486.90 a | 376.38 a | 355.08 a | 66.77 d |
表3 秸秆还田与不同氮肥水平下机插水稻茎蘖动态和成穗率
Table 3 Number of stem and tiller and percentage of productive tiller of mechanical transplanting rice under different nitrogen rates with straw manuring.
年度 Year | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 分蘖中期 Mid-tillering /(×104·hm-2) | 拔节期 Jointing /(×104·hm-2) | 抽穗期 Heading /(×104·hm-2) | 成熟期 Maturity /(×104·hm-2) | 成穗率 Percentage of productive tiller/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | N0 | 207.50 f | 380.75 f | 281.85 e | 262.47 e | 68.94 c |
N1 | 270.12 e | 448.00 e | 346.75 d | 331.95 d | 74.10 ab | |
N2 | 290.75 d | 465.50 d | 359.25 c | 349.68 c | 75.12 a | |
N3 | 301.75 c | 477.50 c | 376.62 b | 358.83 bc | 75.15 a | |
N4 | 317.63 b | 510.25 b | 377.75 b | 370.73 ab | 72.66 b | |
N5 | 335.13 a | 535.00 a | 390.50 a | 382.92 a | 71.57 b | |
2014 | N0 | 179.55 e | 332.33 e | 255.15 f | 230.58 e | 69.38 c |
N1 | 278.78 d | 402.45 d | 321.30 e | 304.08 d | 75.56 a | |
N2 | 293.63 c | 422.10 c | 332.33 d | 320.04 c | 75.82 a | |
N3 | 309.45 b | 428.40 c | 353.35 c | 340.70 b | 76.96 a | |
N4 | 326.78 a | 472.50 b | 368.55 b | 347.20 ab | 72.00 b | |
N5 | 327.60 a | 486.90 a | 376.38 a | 355.08 a | 66.77 d |
年度 Year | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 分蘖中期 Mid-tillering | 拔节期 Jointing | 抽穗期 Heading | 成熟期 Maturity | 叶面积衰减率 Decreasing rate of leaf area/(LAI·d-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | N0 | 0.71 f | 1.94 f | 4.28 f | 1.79 e | 0.046 b |
N1 | 1.03 e | 2.82 e | 6.42 e | 2.29 d | 0.076 a | |
N2 | 1.25 d | 3.14 d | 7.07 d | 2.71 c | 0.078 a | |
N3 | 1.80 c | 4.03 c | 7.62 c | 3.31 b | 0.077 a | |
N4 | 1.95 b | 4.17 b | 7.86 b | 3.60 a | 0.078 a | |
N5 | 2.11 a | 4.28 a | 8.04 a | 3.69 a | 0.079 a | |
2014 | N0 | 0.66 f | 1.81 f | 4.32 f | 1.71 e | 0.053 c |
N1 | 1.09 e | 3.07 e | 6.47 e | 2.16 d | 0.086 b | |
N2 | 1.21 d | 3.15 d | 6.89 d | 2.64 c | 0.085 b | |
N3 | 1.85 c | 3.58 c | 7.65 c | 3.01 b | 0.088 ab | |
N4 | 1.91 b | 4.08 b | 7.78 b | 3.11 b | 0.090 a | |
N5 | 2.03 a | 4.19 a | 8.10 a | 3.32 a | 0.090 a |
表4 不同氮肥水平下机插水稻叶面积指数和叶面积衰减率
Table 4 Leaf area index and decreasing rate of leaf area of mechanical transplanting rice under different nitrogen rates.
年度 Year | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 分蘖中期 Mid-tillering | 拔节期 Jointing | 抽穗期 Heading | 成熟期 Maturity | 叶面积衰减率 Decreasing rate of leaf area/(LAI·d-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | N0 | 0.71 f | 1.94 f | 4.28 f | 1.79 e | 0.046 b |
N1 | 1.03 e | 2.82 e | 6.42 e | 2.29 d | 0.076 a | |
N2 | 1.25 d | 3.14 d | 7.07 d | 2.71 c | 0.078 a | |
N3 | 1.80 c | 4.03 c | 7.62 c | 3.31 b | 0.077 a | |
N4 | 1.95 b | 4.17 b | 7.86 b | 3.60 a | 0.078 a | |
N5 | 2.11 a | 4.28 a | 8.04 a | 3.69 a | 0.079 a | |
2014 | N0 | 0.66 f | 1.81 f | 4.32 f | 1.71 e | 0.053 c |
N1 | 1.09 e | 3.07 e | 6.47 e | 2.16 d | 0.086 b | |
N2 | 1.21 d | 3.15 d | 6.89 d | 2.64 c | 0.085 b | |
N3 | 1.85 c | 3.58 c | 7.65 c | 3.01 b | 0.088 ab | |
N4 | 1.91 b | 4.08 b | 7.78 b | 3.11 b | 0.090 a | |
N5 | 2.03 a | 4.19 a | 8.10 a | 3.32 a | 0.090 a |
年度 Year | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 移栽至分蘖中期 Transplanting to mid-tillering | 分蘖中期至拔节期 Mid-tillering to jointing | 拔节至抽穗期 Jointing to heading | 抽穗至成熟期 Heading to maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | N0 | 8.10 d | 22.54 e | 90.22 f | 163.84 f |
N1 | 11.30 c | 34.62 d | 138.50 e | 235.21 e | |
N2 | 13.50 c | 39.51 c | 153.15 d | 273.86 d | |
N3 | 19.00 b | 52.43 b | 174.73 c | 306.19 c | |
N4 | 20.50 ab | 61.24 a | 180.55 b | 315.21 b | |
N5 | 22.10 a | 63.91 a | 190.91 a | 322.52 a | |
2014 | N0 | 7.56 d | 22.16 d | 107.17 f | 147.79 f |
N1 | 11.86 c | 39.52 c | 171.79 e | 215.75 e | |
N2 | 13.06 b | 41.38 c | 180.67 d | 238.19 d | |
N3 | 19.54 a | 51.60 b | 205.12 c | 268.26 c | |
N4 | 20.14 a | 59.94 a | 218.31 b | 276.17 b | |
N5 | 21.32 a | 62.22 a | 227.37 a | 302.63 a |
表5 不同氮肥水平下机插水稻光合势
Table 5 Photosynthetic potential of mechanical transplanting rice under different nitrogen rates. ×104 m2·d/hm2
年度 Year | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 移栽至分蘖中期 Transplanting to mid-tillering | 分蘖中期至拔节期 Mid-tillering to jointing | 拔节至抽穗期 Jointing to heading | 抽穗至成熟期 Heading to maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | N0 | 8.10 d | 22.54 e | 90.22 f | 163.84 f |
N1 | 11.30 c | 34.62 d | 138.50 e | 235.21 e | |
N2 | 13.50 c | 39.51 c | 153.15 d | 273.86 d | |
N3 | 19.00 b | 52.43 b | 174.73 c | 306.19 c | |
N4 | 20.50 ab | 61.24 a | 180.55 b | 315.21 b | |
N5 | 22.10 a | 63.91 a | 190.91 a | 322.52 a | |
2014 | N0 | 7.56 d | 22.16 d | 107.17 f | 147.79 f |
N1 | 11.86 c | 39.52 c | 171.79 e | 215.75 e | |
N2 | 13.06 b | 41.38 c | 180.67 d | 238.19 d | |
N3 | 19.54 a | 51.60 b | 205.12 c | 268.26 c | |
N4 | 20.14 a | 59.94 a | 218.31 b | 276.17 b | |
N5 | 21.32 a | 62.22 a | 227.37 a | 302.63 a |
年度 Year | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 分蘖中期 Mid-tillering /(kg·hm-2) | 拔节期 Jointing /(kg·hm-2) | 抽穗期 Heading /(kg·hm-2) | 成熟期 Maturity /(kg·hm-2) | 收获指数 Harvest index /% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | N0 | 1 170.15 d | 2 750.68 f | 7 534.65 f | 12 160.47 d | 49.02 b |
N1 | 1 505.10 c | 3 642.63 e | 10 031.37 e | 16 332.90 c | 50.98 ab | |
N2 | 1 624.80 bc | 3 837.74 d | 10 661.47 d | 17 426.50 b | 50.98 ab | |
N3 | 1 729.80 b | 3 954.38 c | 11 338.84 c | 18 676.08 a | 53.32 a | |
N4 | 1 818.15 ab | 4 191.40 b | 11 625.45 b | 18 770.33 a | 50.48 b | |
N5 | 1 908.45 a | 4 384.20 a | 11 940.51 a | 18 969.81 a | 48.97 b | |
2014 | N0 | 1 116.24 d | 2 629.38 f | 7 202.76 f | 11 490.12 c | 48.10 bc |
N1 | 1 427.40 c | 3 455.28 e | 9 719.16 e | 15 739.32 b | 50.35 ab | |
N2 | 1 595.52 bc | 3 655.80 d | 10 212.72 d | 16 616.76 b | 51.32 ab | |
N3 | 1 721.40 b | 3 911.52 c | 11 391.00 c | 18 913.44 a | 53.68 a | |
N4 | 1 857.60 ab | 4 181.94 b | 11 787.72 b | 19 114.92 a | 49.58 b | |
N5 | 1 986.36 a | 4 439.16 a | 12 227.04 a | 19 626.00 a | 46.64 c |
表6 不同氮肥水平下机插水稻干物质积累
Table 6 Dry matter accumulation of mechanical transplanting rice under different nitrogen rates.
年度 Year | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 分蘖中期 Mid-tillering /(kg·hm-2) | 拔节期 Jointing /(kg·hm-2) | 抽穗期 Heading /(kg·hm-2) | 成熟期 Maturity /(kg·hm-2) | 收获指数 Harvest index /% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | N0 | 1 170.15 d | 2 750.68 f | 7 534.65 f | 12 160.47 d | 49.02 b |
N1 | 1 505.10 c | 3 642.63 e | 10 031.37 e | 16 332.90 c | 50.98 ab | |
N2 | 1 624.80 bc | 3 837.74 d | 10 661.47 d | 17 426.50 b | 50.98 ab | |
N3 | 1 729.80 b | 3 954.38 c | 11 338.84 c | 18 676.08 a | 53.32 a | |
N4 | 1 818.15 ab | 4 191.40 b | 11 625.45 b | 18 770.33 a | 50.48 b | |
N5 | 1 908.45 a | 4 384.20 a | 11 940.51 a | 18 969.81 a | 48.97 b | |
2014 | N0 | 1 116.24 d | 2 629.38 f | 7 202.76 f | 11 490.12 c | 48.10 bc |
N1 | 1 427.40 c | 3 455.28 e | 9 719.16 e | 15 739.32 b | 50.35 ab | |
N2 | 1 595.52 bc | 3 655.80 d | 10 212.72 d | 16 616.76 b | 51.32 ab | |
N3 | 1 721.40 b | 3 911.52 c | 11 391.00 c | 18 913.44 a | 53.68 a | |
N4 | 1 857.60 ab | 4 181.94 b | 11 787.72 b | 19 114.92 a | 49.58 b | |
N5 | 1 986.36 a | 4 439.16 a | 12 227.04 a | 19 626.00 a | 46.64 c |
年度与施氮量 Year and nitrogen rate | 移栽至分蘖中期 Transplanting to mid-tillering | 分蘖中期至拔节期 Mid-tillering to jointing | 拔节至抽穗期 Jointing to heading | 抽穗至成熟期 Heading to maturity | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
积累量 Biomass /(kg·hm-2) | 比例 Ratio /% | 积累量 Biomass /(kg·hm-2) | 比例 Ratio /% | 积累量 Biomass /(kg·hm-2) | 比例 Ratio /% | 积累量 Biomass /(kg·hm-2) | 比例 Ratio /% | |||||||
2013 | ||||||||||||||
N0 | 1 170.15 d | 9.62 | 1 580.53 d | 13.00 | 4 783.97 e | 39.34 | 4 625.82 e | 38.04 | ||||||
N1 | 1 505.10 c | 9.22 | 2 137.53 c | 13.09 | 6 388.74 d | 39.12 | 6 301.53 d | 38.58 | ||||||
N2 | 1 624.80 bc | 9.32 | 2 212.94 bc | 12.70 | 6 823.73 c | 39.16 | 6 765.03 c | 38.82 | ||||||
N3 | 1 729.80 b | 9.26 | 2 224.58 bc | 11.91 | 7 384.47 b | 39.54 | 7 337.24 a | 39.29 | ||||||
N4 | 1 818.15 ab | 9.69 | 2 373.25 a | 12.64 | 7 434.05 ab | 39.61 | 7 144.88 ab | 38.06 | ||||||
N5 | 1 908.45 a | 10.06 | 2 475.75 a | 13.05 | 7 556.31 a | 39.83 | 7 029.30 bc | 37.06 | ||||||
2014 | ||||||||||||||
N0 | 1 116.24 d | 9.71 | 1 513.14 d | 13.17 | 4 573.38 e | 39.80 | 4 287.36 e | 37.31 | ||||||
N1 | 1 427.40 c | 9.07 | 2 027.88 c | 12.88 | 6 263.88 d | 39.80 | 6 020.16 d | 38.25 | ||||||
N2 | 1 595.52 bc | 9.60 | 2 060.28 c | 12.40 | 6 556.92 c | 39.46 | 6 404.04 c | 38.54 | ||||||
N3 | 1 721.40 b | 9.10 | 2 190.12 bc | 11.58 | 7 479.48 b | 39.55 | 7 522.44 a | 39.77 | ||||||
N4 | 1 857.60 ab | 9.72 | 2 324.34 ab | 12.16 | 7 605.78 b | 39.79 | 7 327.20 b | 38.33 | ||||||
N5 | 1 986.36 a | 10.12 | 2 452.80 a | 12.50 | 7 787.88 a | 39.68 | 7 398.96 ab | 37.70 |
表7 不同氮肥水平下机插水稻各生育期干物质积累及其比例
Table 7 Dry matter accumulation and its rate of mechanical transplanting rice under different nitrogen rates at different growth stages.
年度与施氮量 Year and nitrogen rate | 移栽至分蘖中期 Transplanting to mid-tillering | 分蘖中期至拔节期 Mid-tillering to jointing | 拔节至抽穗期 Jointing to heading | 抽穗至成熟期 Heading to maturity | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
积累量 Biomass /(kg·hm-2) | 比例 Ratio /% | 积累量 Biomass /(kg·hm-2) | 比例 Ratio /% | 积累量 Biomass /(kg·hm-2) | 比例 Ratio /% | 积累量 Biomass /(kg·hm-2) | 比例 Ratio /% | |||||||
2013 | ||||||||||||||
N0 | 1 170.15 d | 9.62 | 1 580.53 d | 13.00 | 4 783.97 e | 39.34 | 4 625.82 e | 38.04 | ||||||
N1 | 1 505.10 c | 9.22 | 2 137.53 c | 13.09 | 6 388.74 d | 39.12 | 6 301.53 d | 38.58 | ||||||
N2 | 1 624.80 bc | 9.32 | 2 212.94 bc | 12.70 | 6 823.73 c | 39.16 | 6 765.03 c | 38.82 | ||||||
N3 | 1 729.80 b | 9.26 | 2 224.58 bc | 11.91 | 7 384.47 b | 39.54 | 7 337.24 a | 39.29 | ||||||
N4 | 1 818.15 ab | 9.69 | 2 373.25 a | 12.64 | 7 434.05 ab | 39.61 | 7 144.88 ab | 38.06 | ||||||
N5 | 1 908.45 a | 10.06 | 2 475.75 a | 13.05 | 7 556.31 a | 39.83 | 7 029.30 bc | 37.06 | ||||||
2014 | ||||||||||||||
N0 | 1 116.24 d | 9.71 | 1 513.14 d | 13.17 | 4 573.38 e | 39.80 | 4 287.36 e | 37.31 | ||||||
N1 | 1 427.40 c | 9.07 | 2 027.88 c | 12.88 | 6 263.88 d | 39.80 | 6 020.16 d | 38.25 | ||||||
N2 | 1 595.52 bc | 9.60 | 2 060.28 c | 12.40 | 6 556.92 c | 39.46 | 6 404.04 c | 38.54 | ||||||
N3 | 1 721.40 b | 9.10 | 2 190.12 bc | 11.58 | 7 479.48 b | 39.55 | 7 522.44 a | 39.77 | ||||||
N4 | 1 857.60 ab | 9.72 | 2 324.34 ab | 12.16 | 7 605.78 b | 39.79 | 7 327.20 b | 38.33 | ||||||
N5 | 1 986.36 a | 10.12 | 2 452.80 a | 12.50 | 7 787.88 a | 39.68 | 7 398.96 ab | 37.70 |
年度 Year | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 有效叶面积率 Leaf area rate of productive tillers/% | 高效叶面积率 Leaf area rate of flag leaf to 3rd leaf from top of productive tillers/% | 颖花/叶 Spikelet number per 1 cm2 leaf area /(spikelet·cm-2) | 实粒/叶 Filled grain number per 1 cm2 leaf area /(spikelet·cm-2) | 粒重/叶 Grain weight per 1 cm2 leaf area /(mg·cm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | N0 | 96.64 a | 75.38 a | 0.654 a | 0.629 a | 16.82 a |
N1 | 93.24 bc | 71.26 bc | 0.572 d | 0.550 b | 14.54 c | |
N2 | 93.56 bc | 71.53 bc | 0.591 c | 0.562 b | 14.83 c | |
N3 | 94.23 b | 72.35 b | 0.639 ab | 0.609 a | 15.82 b | |
N4 | 94.12 b | 72.25 b | 0.601 bc | 0.562 b | 14.43 c | |
N5 | 92.35 c | 70.86 c | 0.587 cd | 0.544 b | 13.81 c | |
2014 | N0 | 97.53 a | 75.12 a | 0.599 b | 0.573 b | 15.39 a |
N1 | 93.86 bc | 72.45 bc | 0.588 c | 0.558 c | 14.63 b | |
N2 | 93.94 bc | 72.86 bc | 0.590 bc | 0.558 c | 14.59 b | |
N3 | 94.52 b | 73.48 b | 0.638 a | 0.603 a | 15.60 a | |
N4 | 94.89 b | 73.21 b | 0.603 b | 0.568 bc | 14.66 b | |
N5 | 92.18 c | 71.43 c | 0.579 c | 0.539 d | 13.74 c |
表8 不同氮肥水平下机插水稻阶段抽穗期叶面积组成和粒叶比
Table 8 Leaf area composition at heading and spikelet number per unit leaf area of mechanical transplanting rice under different nitrogen rates.
年度 Year | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 有效叶面积率 Leaf area rate of productive tillers/% | 高效叶面积率 Leaf area rate of flag leaf to 3rd leaf from top of productive tillers/% | 颖花/叶 Spikelet number per 1 cm2 leaf area /(spikelet·cm-2) | 实粒/叶 Filled grain number per 1 cm2 leaf area /(spikelet·cm-2) | 粒重/叶 Grain weight per 1 cm2 leaf area /(mg·cm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | N0 | 96.64 a | 75.38 a | 0.654 a | 0.629 a | 16.82 a |
N1 | 93.24 bc | 71.26 bc | 0.572 d | 0.550 b | 14.54 c | |
N2 | 93.56 bc | 71.53 bc | 0.591 c | 0.562 b | 14.83 c | |
N3 | 94.23 b | 72.35 b | 0.639 ab | 0.609 a | 15.82 b | |
N4 | 94.12 b | 72.25 b | 0.601 bc | 0.562 b | 14.43 c | |
N5 | 92.35 c | 70.86 c | 0.587 cd | 0.544 b | 13.81 c | |
2014 | N0 | 97.53 a | 75.12 a | 0.599 b | 0.573 b | 15.39 a |
N1 | 93.86 bc | 72.45 bc | 0.588 c | 0.558 c | 14.63 b | |
N2 | 93.94 bc | 72.86 bc | 0.590 bc | 0.558 c | 14.59 b | |
N3 | 94.52 b | 73.48 b | 0.638 a | 0.603 a | 15.60 a | |
N4 | 94.89 b | 73.21 b | 0.603 b | 0.568 bc | 14.66 b | |
N5 | 92.18 c | 71.43 c | 0.579 c | 0.539 d | 13.74 c |
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