再生稻肥料管理对不同品种产量和品质的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210315

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明肥料管理、品种及其互作对再生稻头季和再生季产量和品质的影响,为再生稻高产优质育种和栽培提供理论依据。【方法】采用大田试验的方法,以4个华中地区主推的再生稻品种为材料,设置4种肥料管理方法,分别测定水稻的产量和产量构成因素、稻米品质(加工品质和外观品质)、干物质生产及相关农艺性状等。【结果】相比推荐施肥对照(CK),全生育期施用再生稻专用缓释肥(SRF)使两季施肥的次数从5次减少到3次,而且产量在头季和再生季分别达8.86和6.39 t/hm ²,较CK仅降低了6.2%和9.1%。SRF在头季减产主要归因于较低的结实率,而在再生季减产是每穗颖花数和总颖花数共同下降的结果。促芽肥施与不施对再生季产量没有影响。再生稻两季的加工品质和外观品质主要受品种的影响,肥料处理及其与品种的互作影响很小。相比其他3个品种,甬优4949的头季和再生季产量最高,加工品质和外观品质最好。【结论】施用专用缓释肥和省施促芽肥均能够在不大幅损失稻谷产量的同时减少施肥次数促进再生稻轻简化栽培。

关键词: 肥料管理, 产量, 再生稻, 稻米品质, 缓释肥

Abstract:

【Objective】It is of great significance to investigate the effects of fertilizer management, rice variety, and their interaction on grain yield and quality of ratoon rice. It will lay a theoretical basis for the high-yield and high-quality production of ratoon rice. 【Method】 The field experiment was carried out in four fertilizer management treatments with four rice varieties widely planted as rice ratooning in central China as material. The yield and its components, rice quality (processing quality and appearance quality), dry matter production, and other agronomic traits were determined.【Result】Grain yield of main and ratoon crop (MC and RC) under slow-release fertilizer (SRF) treatment was 8.86 t/hm ² and 6.39 t/hm ², 6.2% and 9.1% lower than that under recommended fertilization practice (Control, CK), respectively. Whereas, SRF reduced the number of fertilizer applications from 5 to 3 in two growing seasons. The yield reduction of SRF in MC was mainly due to low seed setting rate, while the decrease in RC was resulted from reduced spikelet number per panicle and spikelets per square meter. Bud-promoting N fertilizer did not significantly affect the yield of RC. Rice processing quality and appearance quality were mainly influenced by varieties, but not by the fertilizer treatments and their interaction with varieties. Among four rice varieties, grain yield and quality of Yongyou 4949 were superior to others in both growing seasons.【Conclusion】Both the SRF application and skipping bud-promoting N fertilizer could simplify the fertilization applications without compromising rice grain yield.

Key words: fertilizer management, grain yield, ratoon rice, rice quality, slow-release fertilizer

杨晨, 郑常, 袁珅, 徐乐, 彭少兵. 再生稻肥料管理对不同品种产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(1): 65-76.

YANG Chen, ZHENG Chang, YUAN Shen, XU Le, PENG Shaobing. Effect of Fertilizer Management on the Yield and Quality of Different Rice Varieties in Ratoon Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(1): 65-76.

图/表 10

参考文献 36

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处理 Treatment	肥料 Fertilizer	头季Main crop			再生季Ratoon crop		总施肥量 Total fertilizer amount	施肥次数 Application frequency
		基肥 Basal fertilizer	分蘖肥 Topdressing for tillering	穗肥 Topdressing for panicle initiation	促芽肥 Bud-promoting fertilizer	提苗肥 Seedling-promoting fertilizer
		CK	N	72	54	54			75	75	330	5
	P₂O₅	92	0	0	0	0	92
	K₂O	72	0	0	0	0	72
	ZnSO₄•7H₂O	23	0	0	0	0	23
CK-N_bud	N	72	54	54	0	75	255	4
	P₂O₅	92	0	0	0	0	92
	K₂O	72	0	0	0	0	72
	ZnSO₄•7H₂O	23	0	0	0	0	23
CK-N_bud+K	N	72	54	54	0	75	255	4
	P₂O₅	92	0	0	0	0	92
	K₂O	72	0	72	0	0	144
	ZnSO₄•7H₂O	23	0	0	0	0	23
SRF	N	144	0	94	0	57	295	3
	P₂O₅	36	0	19	0	11	66
	K₂O	72	0	56	0	34	162
	ZnSO₄•7H₂O	23	0	0	0	0	23

处理 Treatment	肥料 Fertilizer	头季Main crop			再生季Ratoon crop		总施肥量 Total fertilizer amount	施肥次数 Application frequency
		基肥 Basal fertilizer	分蘖肥 Topdressing for tillering	穗肥 Topdressing for panicle initiation	促芽肥 Bud-promoting fertilizer	提苗肥 Seedling-promoting fertilizer
		CK	N	72	54	54			75	75	330	5
	P₂O₅	92	0	0	0	0	92
	K₂O	72	0	0	0	0	72
	ZnSO₄•7H₂O	23	0	0	0	0	23
CK-N_bud	N	72	54	54	0	75	255	4
	P₂O₅	92	0	0	0	0	92
	K₂O	72	0	0	0	0	72
	ZnSO₄•7H₂O	23	0	0	0	0	23
CK-N_bud+K	N	72	54	54	0	75	255	4
	P₂O₅	92	0	0	0	0	92
	K₂O	72	0	72	0	0	144
	ZnSO₄•7H₂O	23	0	0	0	0	23
SRF	N	144	0	94	0	57	295	3
	P₂O₅	36	0	19	0	11	66
	K₂O	72	0	56	0	34	162
	ZnSO₄•7H₂O	23	0	0	0	0	23

肥料处理 Fertilizer treatment	品种 Variety	产量 Yield /(t·hm^-2)	有效穗数 Panicle number per square meter	每穗颖花数 Spikelet number per panicle	总颖花数 Spikelets /(×10³·m^-2)	结实率 Seed setting rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/mg	籽粒饱满度 Grain plumpness /%
CK	HHZ	10.09 a	343.2 a	157.4 b	53.9 a	84.7 ab	20.5 b	82.1 ab
	YY4949	9.66 ab	236.5 c	224.2 a	53.1 a	87.9 a	19.7 c	82.6 a
	FLYX1	8.99 b	274.0 b	155.9 b	42.4 b	81.2 b	23.8 a	80.9 b
	LY6326	9.04 b	287.0 b	161.4 b	46.3 b	74.3 c	23.6 a	80.9 b
	平均Mean	9.44 AB	285.2 AB	174.7 A	48.9 A	82.0 A	21.9 A	82.1 A
CK-N_bud	HHZ	9.92 a	306.8 a	160.4 b	49.1 b	84.1 ab	20.6 c	81.9 ab
	YY4949	9.87 a	249.5 b	223.8 a	55.8 a	89.1 a	19.7 d	83.1 a
	FLYX1	8.67 b	281.8 ab	162.5 b	45.5 b	76.5 c	23.2 b	80.8 b
	LY6326	9.22 ab	282.8 ab	160.7 b	45.4 b	78.5 bc	24.0 a	80.3 b
	平均Mean	9.42 AB	280.2 B	176.9 A	48.9 A	82.1 A	21.9 A	81.5 A
CK-N_bud+K	HHZ	10.07 a	335.9 a	151.8 b	50.7 a	85.0 a	20.9 c	82.2 ab
	YY4949	9.97 a	256.8 c	216.3 a	55.5 a	87.0 a	19.8 d	83.0 a
	FLYX1	9.32 a	280.2 b	158.2 b	44.3 b	73.2 c	23.4 b	80.8 ab
	LY6326	9.32 a	285.4 b	153.4 b	43.7 b	80.0 b	24.5 a	80.1 b
	平均Mean	9.67 A	289.6 AB	169.9 A	48.6 A	81.3 A	22.1 A	81.5 A
SRF	HHZ	9.24 ab	376.0 a	141.2 b	53.1 ab	81.2 a	20.7 b	82.8 a
	YY4949	9.55 a	275.5 b	214.8 a	59.0 a	80.6 a	19.4 c	82.5 a
	FLYX1	8.41 b	301.0 b	157.5 b	47.4 bc	70.1 b	23.2 a	81.6 ab
	LY6326	8.24 b	284.9 b	153.3 b	43.6 c	67.4 b	23.9 a	79.4 b
	平均Mean	8.86 B	309.4 A	166.7 A	50.8 A	74.8 B	21.8 A	81.6 A
ANOVA
肥料Fertilizer (F)		ns	*	ns	ns	**	ns	ns
品种Variety (V)		**	**	**	**	**	**	ns
F×V		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

肥料处理 Fertilizer treatment	品种 Variety	产量 Yield /(t·hm^-2)	有效穗数 Panicle number per square meter	每穗颖花数 Spikelet number per panicle	总颖花数 Spikelets /(×10³·m^-2)	结实率 Seed setting rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/mg	籽粒饱满度 Grain plumpness /%
CK	HHZ	10.09 a	343.2 a	157.4 b	53.9 a	84.7 ab	20.5 b	82.1 ab
	YY4949	9.66 ab	236.5 c	224.2 a	53.1 a	87.9 a	19.7 c	82.6 a
	FLYX1	8.99 b	274.0 b	155.9 b	42.4 b	81.2 b	23.8 a	80.9 b
	LY6326	9.04 b	287.0 b	161.4 b	46.3 b	74.3 c	23.6 a	80.9 b
	平均Mean	9.44 AB	285.2 AB	174.7 A	48.9 A	82.0 A	21.9 A	82.1 A
CK-N_bud	HHZ	9.92 a	306.8 a	160.4 b	49.1 b	84.1 ab	20.6 c	81.9 ab
	YY4949	9.87 a	249.5 b	223.8 a	55.8 a	89.1 a	19.7 d	83.1 a
	FLYX1	8.67 b	281.8 ab	162.5 b	45.5 b	76.5 c	23.2 b	80.8 b
	LY6326	9.22 ab	282.8 ab	160.7 b	45.4 b	78.5 bc	24.0 a	80.3 b
	平均Mean	9.42 AB	280.2 B	176.9 A	48.9 A	82.1 A	21.9 A	81.5 A
CK-N_bud+K	HHZ	10.07 a	335.9 a	151.8 b	50.7 a	85.0 a	20.9 c	82.2 ab
	YY4949	9.97 a	256.8 c	216.3 a	55.5 a	87.0 a	19.8 d	83.0 a
	FLYX1	9.32 a	280.2 b	158.2 b	44.3 b	73.2 c	23.4 b	80.8 ab
	LY6326	9.32 a	285.4 b	153.4 b	43.7 b	80.0 b	24.5 a	80.1 b
	平均Mean	9.67 A	289.6 AB	169.9 A	48.6 A	81.3 A	22.1 A	81.5 A
SRF	HHZ	9.24 ab	376.0 a	141.2 b	53.1 ab	81.2 a	20.7 b	82.8 a
	YY4949	9.55 a	275.5 b	214.8 a	59.0 a	80.6 a	19.4 c	82.5 a
	FLYX1	8.41 b	301.0 b	157.5 b	47.4 bc	70.1 b	23.2 a	81.6 ab
	LY6326	8.24 b	284.9 b	153.3 b	43.6 c	67.4 b	23.9 a	79.4 b
	平均Mean	8.86 B	309.4 A	166.7 A	50.8 A	74.8 B	21.8 A	81.6 A
ANOVA
肥料Fertilizer (F)		ns	*	ns	ns	**	ns	ns
品种Variety (V)		**	**	**	**	**	**	ns
F×V		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

肥料处理 Fertilizer treatment	品种 Variety	产量 Yield /(t·hm^-2)	有效穗数 Panicle number per square meter	每穗颖花数 Spikelet number per panicle	总颖花数 Spikelets /(×10³·m^-2)	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/mg	籽粒饱满度 Grain plumpness /%
CK	HHZ	5.66 b	535.9 a	69.7 c	37.4 a	77.0 b	17.9 c	81.8 a
	YY4949	7.84 a	352.6 c	114.6 a	40.4 a	89.5 a	20.4 b	79.5 a
	FLYX1	7.25 a	478.1 ab	72.0 bc	34.3 a	87.9 a	23.8 a	78.1 a
	LY6326	7.38 a	430.2 b	83.1 b	35.8 a	86.8 a	24.1 a	79.2 a
	平均Mean	7.03 A	449.22 A	84.9 A	37.0 A	85.5 A	21.6 A	77.4 A
CK-N_bud	HHZ	5.60 b	506.3 a	60.9 b	30.5 b	84.2 ab	18.0 c	86.1 a
	YY4949	7.69 a	352.6 c	108.3 a	38.4 a	89.1 a	20.7 bc	79.3 b
	FLYX1	6.69 ab	452.6 ab	70.8 b	32.0 ab	82.8 b	22.0 ab	77.9 b
	LY6326	6.84 a	424.5 b	75.6 b	32.1 ab	84.2 ab	24.4 a	78.4 b
	平均Mean	6.70 AB	433.98 A	78.9 A	33.2 A	85.1 A	21.3 A	80.6 A
CK-N_bud+K	HHZ	5.67 b	504.7 a	71.0 b	35.4 a	83.5 a	18.3 d	86.0 a
	YY4949	7.16 a	395.3 bc	92.7 a	36.5 a	88.7 a	20.8 c	79.0 b
	FLYX1	7.16 a	465.6 ab	76.6 b	35.8 a	84.6 a	23.9 b	78.1 b
	LY6326	6.83 a	394.8 c	78.9 ab	31.2 a	84.5 a	24.6 a	78.1 b
	平均Mean	6.70 AB	440.10 A	79.8 A	34.7 A	85.3 A	21.9 A	79.7 A
SRF	HHZ	5.29 b	522.4 a	64.8 c	33.8 a	81.7 b	18.2 c	85.0 a
	YY4949	7.07 a	360.9 c	98.1 a	35.3 a	89.4 a	21.1 b	79.6 a
	FLYX1	6.73 a	453.1 b	75.9 b	34.4 a	88.9 a	24.3 a	79.7 a
	LY6326	6.46 a	427.6 b	73.6 bc	31.5 a	82.6 b	25.0 a	79.5 a
	平均Mean	6.39 B	441.02 A	78.1 A	33.7 A	85.6 A	22.2 A	80.9 A
ANOVA
肥料Fertilizer (F)		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
品种Variety (V)		**	**	**	**	**	**	ns
F×V		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns