温度与杀虫剂对黑腹单节螯蜂生物学特性的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.260104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】黑腹单节螯蜂是北方稻区灰飞虱螯蜂科天敌的优势种，其种群动态变化与外界环境因素密切相关，本研究旨在明确温度与杀虫剂对黑腹单节螯蜂室内主要生物学参数的影响。【方法】设定12℃、18℃、24℃、30℃、36℃共5个温度，考察不同温度对黑腹单节螯蜂当代捕食、寄生、成虫寿命及其子代结茧、羽化、雌性比、发育历期的影响；考察氯虫苯甲酰胺、阿维菌素、吡蚜酮两种浓度对黑腹单节螯蜂主要发育阶段(寄主体、蜂茧、成虫)的致死效应。【结果】1）不同温度条件下黑腹单节螯蜂捕食率最高值为20.5%(18℃、24℃)，18℃~36℃捕食率逐渐降低，最低值为9.0%(12℃)；寄生率最高值为30.5%(30℃)，12℃~30℃寄生率逐渐升高，最低值为12.0%(36℃)；成虫寿命在18℃最长(雌蜂21.7 d、雄蜂3.7 d)，在36℃最短(雌蜂2.8 d、雄蜂1.3 d)。黑腹单节螯蜂子代结茧率(85.7%)、羽化率(76.2%)、雌性比(38.1%)均在24℃时最高，36℃子代无法存活。2）供试药剂处理寄生5 d、12 d的寄主体，氯虫苯甲酰胺致死率为62.5%~75%，阿维菌素和吡蚜酮致死率均为100%；供试药剂处理蜂茧3 d、7 d致死率为3.3%~30.0%；供试药剂处理雌雄成虫，阿维菌素48h致死率为73.3%~90.0%，氯虫苯甲酰胺与吡蚜酮48h致死率为36.7%~73.3%。【结论】黑腹单节螯蜂适宜生长温区为18~30℃，低温和高温时存活率显著下降，甚至无法存活，其在蜂茧阶段抗杀虫剂能力较强。

关键词: 温度, 杀虫剂, 黑腹单节螯蜂, 生物学特性

Abstract:

【Objective】 In the northern rice-growing areas, Haplogonatopus oratorius is the dominant natural enemy species of Laodelphax striatellus among dryinid wasps. Its population dynamics are closely related to external environmental factors. This study aims to clarify the effects of temperature and pesticides on the main biological parameters of H. oratorius under laboratory conditions.【Method】 Five temperatures (12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 °C) were set to examine their effects on the predation, parasitism, and adult longevity of the parental generation of H. oratorius, as well as on the cocooning rate, emergence rate, female proportion, and developmental duration of its offspring. Additionally, the lethal effects of two concentrations of chlorantraniliprole, abamectin, and pymetrozine were tested on the main developmental stages (parasitized hosts, cocoons, and adults) of H. oratorius.【Result】 1) Under different temperature conditions, the highest predation rate of H. oratorius was 20.5% (at 18 and 24 °C), and it gradually decreased from 18 to 36 °C, with the lowest rate being 9.0% (at 12 °C). The highest parasitism rate was 30.5% (at 30 °C), which gradually increased from 12 to 30 °C, and the lowest rate was 12.0% (at 36 °C). Adult longevity was longest at 18 °C (21.7 days for females, 3.7 days for males) and the shortest at 36 °C (2.8 days for females, 1.3 days for males). The cocooning rate (85.7%), emergence rate (76.2%), and the female proportion (38.1%) of offspring were all highest at 24 °C, while no offspring survived at 36 °C. 2) When parasitized hosts (5 and 12 days post-parasitism) were treated with the tested insecticides, the mortality caused by chlorantraniliprole ranged from 62.5% to 75%, whereas abamectin and pymetrozine both caused 100% mortality. For cocoons treated for 3 and 7 days, mortality ranged from 3.3% to 30.0% for all tested insecticides. For adult females and males, abamectin caused 48-h mortality of 73.3%-90.0%, while chlorantraniliprole and pymetrozine caused 48-h mortality of 36.7%-73.3%.【Conclusion】 The suitable temperature range for H. oratorius is 18-30 °C; survival rate decreases significantly at both low and high temperatures, and no survival was observed at 36 °C. The wasp shows relatively strong tolerance to insecticides during the cocoon stage.

Key words: temperature, insecticide, Haplogonatopus oratorius, biological traits

马晓慧, 毛艇, 郭莉, 邢亚楠, 邵凌云, 车喜庆, 刘郁, 于深州. 温度与杀虫剂对黑腹单节螯蜂生物学特性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(5): 696-704.

MA Xiaohui, MAO Ting, GUO Li, XING Yanan, SHAO Lingyun, CHE Xiqing, LIU Yu, YU Shenzhou. Effects of Temperature and Insecticides on the Biological Traits of Haplogonatopus oratorius[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(5): 696-704.

图/表 3

图1 温度对黑腹单节螯蜂捕食率、寄生率、寿命的影响图中小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。下同。

Fig. 1. Effects of temperature on the predation rate, parasitism rate and lifespan of Haplogonatopus oratorius The lowercase letters in the figure denote significant differences at the 0.05 level. The same below.

图2 温度对黑腹单节螯蜂子代结茧率、羽化率、雌性比及发育历期的影响

Fig. 2. Effects of temperature on the cocooning rate, emergence rate, female ratio and developmental duration of the offspring of Haplogonatopus oratorius

图3 杀虫剂对黑腹单节螯蜂不同发育阶段的致死率 A1：5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂2000倍液；A2：5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂1000倍液；B1：1.8%阿维菌素乳油1500倍液；B2：1.8%阿维菌素乳油750倍液；C1：25%吡蚜酮悬浮剂1500倍液；C2：25%吡蚜酮悬浮剂750倍液。

Fig. 3. Mortality of Haplogonatopus oratorius when exposed to pesticides at different developmental stages A1, 2000-fold dilution of 5% chlorantraniliprole (SC); A2, 1000-fold dilution of 5% chlorantraniliprole (SC); B1, 1500-fold dilution of 1.8% abamectin (EC); B2, 750-fold dilution of 1.8% abamectin (EC); C1, 1500-fold dilution of 25% pymetrozine(SC); C2, 750-fold dilution of 25% pymetrozine(SC).

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