开放式空气中CO2浓度和温度增高对水稻叶片叶绿素含量和SPAD值的动态影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.7022

中国水稻科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 524-532.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.7022

开放式空气中CO₂浓度和温度增高对水稻叶片叶绿素含量和SPAD值的动态影响

周宁^1,², 景立权¹, 王云霞³, 朱建国⁴, 杨连新^1,^*(), 王余龙^1,^*()

¹扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009
²江苏食品药品职业技术学院,江苏淮安 223003
³扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏扬州225009
⁴中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京 210008

收稿日期:2017-02-14 修回日期:2017-04-13 出版日期:2017-10-10 发布日期:2017-09-10
通讯作者: 杨连新,王余龙
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目（31261140364）;国家自然科学基金面上项目（31671618、31571597、31371563和31171460）;江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室开放课题资助项目（K13015）;江苏省高校“青蓝工程”项目（苏教师﹝2016﹞15号）;江苏食品药品职业技术学院科研基金面上引导项目（3011500115）和江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO₂ and Temperature on Dynamics of Leaf Chlorophyll Contents and SPAD Value of Rice in Open-Air Field Conditions

Ning ZHOU^1,², Liquan JING¹, Yunxia WANG³, Jianguo ZHU⁴, Lianxin YANG^1,^*(), Yulong WANG^1,^*()

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009, China
² Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai’an 223003, China
³ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
⁴State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

Received:2017-02-14 Revised:2017-04-13 Online:2017-10-10 Published:2017-09-10
Contact: Lianxin YANG, Yulong WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的针对不断增高的大气二氧化碳(CO₂)浓度和温度,研究这两个重要环境因子及其互作对大田生长水稻叶片叶绿素含量和SPAD值的动态影响。方法利用农田T-FACE(Temperature-Free Air CO₂ Enrichment)系统,以高产优质粳稻武运粳23为供试材料,设置两个CO₂浓度(环境CO₂浓度和高CO₂浓度)和两个温度处理(环境温度和高温),测定自然生长环境下水稻不同生育期叶片的叶绿素含量及SPAD值。结果 550 µmol/molCO₂浓度使水稻移栽后41、77、94 d叶绿素a,b和a+b含量均增加(最大增幅为6.4%),但移栽110、119 d后均减少(最大降幅为5.4%)。由于叶绿素b含量对CO₂较叶绿素a含量更敏感,故高CO₂浓度使移栽后41、77和94 d叶绿素a/b值均下降,降幅分别为4.7%、2.3%和0.9%,但移栽110和119 d后分别增加1.9%和5.3%;以上对CO₂的响应多达显著水平。对叶片SPAD值而言,高CO₂浓度对水稻生长前、中期的影响较小,但移栽110和119 d后分别下降3.5%(P=0.1)和19.1%(P<0.01)。大田生长期增温1℃,各期叶绿素a、b以及a+b含量多呈增加趋势,叶绿素a/b值表现相反,但总体上变幅小于CO₂效应;高温对水稻前、中期叶片SPAD的影响较小,但移栽110和119 d后SPAD值平均下降7.1%和14.8%,均达极显著水平。CO₂与温度处理对上述测定参数多无显著互作效应,但CO₂浓度、温度处理与生育期之间多存在明显的互作效应。结论大气CO₂浓度增高有利于水稻生长前中期叶片叶绿素的形成,但生长后期叶绿素含量和SPAD值均明显下降且伴随叶绿素a/b值的显著升高,这种早衰现象在不同生长温度下趋势一致。

关键词: FACE（Free Air CO2 Enrichment）, 二氧化碳, 温度, 叶绿素含量, SPAD值

Abstract:

【Objcetive】In view of the potential impacts of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration and air temperature, the dynamic effects of these two important environmental factors and their interaction on leaf chlorophyll contents and SPAD values of rice in field were studied.【Method】 By using T-FACE(Temperature-Free Air CO₂ Enrichment) facility, a high yield and excellent-quality japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) Wuyunjing 23 was grown at two levels of CO₂ (ambient and elevated CO₂ concentration) and two temperature regimes (ambient and elevated temperature) in a field experiment. We measured leaf chlorophyll contents and SPAD values during the whole growth period of rice plants.【Result】Elevated CO₂ concentration increased chlorophyll a, b, a+b contents of rice on 41, 77 and 94 days after transplanting (DAT) , with the maximum increase of 6.4%. On the contrary, they were decreased by elevated CO₂ concentration on 110 and 119 DAT, with the maximum decrease of 5.4%. Due to the greater responses of chlorophyll b to CO₂ concentration than that of chlorophyll a, elevated CO₂ concentration decreased chlorophyll a/b ratio on 41, 77 and 94 DAT by 4.7%, 2.3% and 0.9%, but increased it on 110 and 119 DAT by 1.9% and 5.3%, respectively. No obvious effect of elevated CO₂ concentration on leaf SPAD values was detected in the early and middle growth stages. But elevated CO₂ concentration decreased leaf SPAD values by 3.5% (P=0.1) and 19.1% (P<0.01) on 110 and 119 DAT. 1℃increase in temperature on average had positive effects on chlorophyll a, b, a+b contents in each growth stage of rice, but negative effects were found on chlorophyll a/b ratio. In general, the magnitudes of variation induced by temperature were less than those by elevated CO₂ concentration. No obvious effect of temperature elevation on leaf SPAD values was detected in the early and middle growth stages. But temperature elevation deceased leaf SPAD values by 7.1% (P<0.01) and 14.8% (P<0.01) on 110 and 119 DAT, respectively. No CO₂-temperature interaction was detected for most of measured parameters, but significant CO₂- or temperature-growth stage interactions were found.【Conclusion】The results indicated that elevated CO₂ concentration favored the leaf chlorophyll formation of rice in the early and middle growth stages. But in the late growth stage, leaf chlorophyll contents and SPAD value declined, meanwhile chlorophyll a/b ration increased significantly. Such phenomenon of quick-leaf-senescence induced by elevated CO₂ concentration was identical under the two temperature regimes.

Key words: FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment), carbon dioxide, temperature, chlorophyll content, SPAD values

中图分类号:

周宁, 景立权, 王云霞, 朱建国, 杨连新, 王余龙. 开放式空气中CO₂浓度和温度增高对水稻叶片叶绿素含量和SPAD值的动态影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(5): 524-532.

Ning ZHOU, Liquan JING, Yunxia WANG, Jianguo ZHU, Lianxin YANG, Yulong WANG. Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO₂ and Temperature on Dynamics of Leaf Chlorophyll Contents and SPAD Value of Rice in Open-Air Field Conditions[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(5): 524-532.

图/表 10

图1 高CO2浓度和高温对水稻不同生育期叶片叶绿素a含量的影响

Fig. 1. Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and high temperature on chlorophyll a content in leaves at different growth stages of rice.

表1 水稻顶部完全展开叶叶绿素a含量的差异显著性检验

Table 1 Analysis of variance for chlorophyll a content of the first fully expanded leaf from the top of the rice plants.

指标 Index	自由度 d f	总均方 Total mean square	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
CO₂	1	0.002	0.002	7.206	0.011
温度Temperature(T)	1	0.004	0.004	13.476	0.001
时期Stage(S)	4	0.751	0.188	708.332	<0.001
CO₂×T	1	0.000	0.000	0.121	0.730
CO₂×S	4	0.009	0.002	8.259	<0.001
T×S	4	0.003	0.001	3.253	0.021
CO₂×T×S	4	0.000	0.000	0.289	0.884

图 2 高CO2浓度和高温对水稻不同生育期叶片叶绿素b含量的影响

Fig. 2. Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and high temperature on chlorophyll b content in leaves at different growth stages of rice.

图3 高CO2浓度和高温对水稻不同生育期叶片叶绿素a+b含量的影响

Fig. 3. Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and high temperature on chlorophyll a+b content in leaves at different growth stages of rice.

表2 水稻顶部完全展开叶叶绿素b含量的差异显著性检验

Table 2 Analysis of variance for chlorophyll b content of the first fully expanded leaf from the top of the rice plants.

指标 Index	自由度 d f	总均方 Total mean square	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
CO₂	1	0.000	0.000	1.283	0.264
温度Temperature(T)	1	0.001	0.001	4.532	0.039
时期Stage(S)	4	0.075	0.019	70.455	<0.001
CO₂×T	1	0.000	0.000	0.164	0.687
CO₂×S	4	0.015	0.004	14.182	<0.001
T×S	4	0.001	0.000	0.509	0.730
CO₂×T×S	4	0.000	0.000	0.177	0.949

表3 水稻顶部完全展开叶片叶绿素a+b含量的差异显著性检验

Table 3 Analysis of variance for chlorophyll a+b content of the first fully expanded leaf from the top of the rice plants.

指标 Index	自由度 d f		均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
CO₂	1	0.004	0.004	6.636	0.014
温度Temperature(T)	1	0.009	0.009	15.316	<0.001
时期Stage(S)	4	1.295	0.324	556.529	<0.001
CO₂×T	1	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.969
CO₂×S	4	0.045	0.011	19.309	<0.001
T×S	4	0.005	0.001	2.273	0.078
CO₂×T×S	4	0.001	0.000	0.397	0.810

图4 高CO2浓度和高温对水稻不同生育期叶片叶绿素a/b值的影响

Fig. 4. Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and high temperature on chlorophyll a/b in leaves at different growth stages of rice.

表4 水稻顶部完全展开叶叶绿素a/b值的差异显著性检验

Table 4 Analysis of variance for chlorophyll a/b of the first fully expanded leaf from the top of the rice plants.

指标 Index	自由度 d f		均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
CO₂	1	0.001	0.001	0.182	0.672
温度Temperature(T)	1	0.008	0.008	1.240	0.272
时期Stage(S)	4	65.618	16.404	2617.749	<0.001
CO₂×T	1	0.001	0.001	0.221	0.641
CO₂×S	4	0.224	0.056	8.933	<0.001
T×S	4	0.010	0.002	0.396	0.810
CO₂×T×S	4	0.003	0.001	0.112	0.978

图5 高CO2浓度和高温对水稻不同生育期叶片SPAD值的影响

Fig. 5. Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and high temperature on SPAD values in leaves at different growth stages of rice.

表5 水稻顶部完全展开叶SPAD值的差异显著性检验

Table 5 Analysis of variance for leaf SPAD values of the first fully expanded leaf from the top of the rice plants.

指标 Index	自由度 d f		均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
CO₂	1	29.334	29.334	5.511	0.020
温度Temperature(T)	1	44.645	44.645	8.387	0.004
时期Stage(S)	5	24603.975	4920.795	924.447	<0.001
CO₂×T	1	3.375	3.375	0.634	0.427
CO₂×S	5	171.373	34.275	6.439	<0.001
T×S	5	99.644	19.929	3.744	0.003
CO₂×T×S	5	21.667	4.333	0.814	0.541

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开放式空气中CO₂浓度和温度增高对水稻叶片叶绿素含量和SPAD值的动态影响

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO₂ and Temperature on Dynamics of Leaf Chlorophyll Contents and SPAD Value of Rice in Open-Air Field Conditions

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