麦秆还田下水氮耦合对水稻氮素吸收利用及产量的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210803

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究麦秆还田下不同水氮耦合对麦茬杂交籼稻氮素吸收利用及产量的影响。【方法】以杂交稻F优498为材料，设置不同水分处理方式(干湿交替灌溉、淹水灌溉)、氮肥运筹 [总氮150 kg/hm²，基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥分别为3∶3∶4(N1)、7∶3∶0(N2)、不施氮(N0)]和秸秆还田(秸秆全量翻埋还田、秸秆不还田)，测定还田秸秆氮素腐解率、水稻籽粒产量及主要生育时期各器官氮素吸收利用特征。【结果】干湿交替灌溉促进了秸秆氮素释放，使水稻在拔节期后的地上部氮素积累量提高4.85%~33.92%，提高成熟期茎鞘氮素转运能力，穗部氮素吸收量提高了10.73%~16.42%，最终提高有效穗数并增产2.51%~3.77%。秸秆还田释放氮素营养，提高拔节期后的水稻地上部氮素积累量5.15%~53.21%和成熟期叶片氮素转运能力，提高穗部氮素吸收量4.93%~ 43.91%，最终增产9.62%~18.33%。施氮促进了秸秆养分释放，提高了水稻植株氮素吸收与转运能力，增加了有效穗数并显著增产16.21%~28.31%。对比干湿交替灌溉耦合优化施氮(N1)模式与淹水灌溉耦合传统施氮(N2)模式，前者促进了各时期的秸秆养分释放，提高了地上部氮素积累能力和茎鞘及叶片的氮素转运能力，并显著提高了氮肥回收利用率7.27%~26.06%。【结论】麦秆全量翻埋还田条件下，干湿交替灌溉耦合优化施氮的水氮耦合模式可促进秸秆氮素释放，有效提高水稻氮素积累及利用能力，提高氮肥回收利用率与水分利用率，为本研究中最适水肥耦合模式。

关键词: 杂交籼稻, 秸秆还田, 水氮耦合, 氮肥利用率, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】It is of significance to study the effects of different water and nitrogen coupling on nitrogen absorption, utilization and yield of indica hybrid rice with wheat straw returning.【Method】The nitrogen decomposition rate, nitrogen absorption and utilization were analyzed under two water treatments, three N treatments and two straw returning treatments with F You 498 as material with wheat straw returning at main growth stages. The two water treatments were alternative dry-wet irrigation and submerged irrigation and the straw returning treatments were full-burying returning and no straw returning and the N treatments were 150 kg/hm² of N application rates with three N regimes—the ratio of the basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer were 3∶3∶4 (N1), 7∶3∶0 (N2) and 0 (N0), respectively.【Result】The results showed that the alternative dry-wet irrigation promoted the release of straw nitrogen, increased the aboveground nitrogen accumulation of rice after jointing by 4.85%－33.92%, improved the nitrogen transport capacity of stem and sheath at maturity, increased the nitrogen absorption of panicle by 10.73%－16.42%, finally leading to an increase in the number of effective panicles and grain yield by 2.51%－3.77%. Straw returning (S1) released nitrogen nutrition, increased the aboveground nitrogen accumulation of rice by 5.15%－53.21% and the nitrogen transport capacity of leaves at maturity, increased the nitrogen absorption of panicle by 4.93%－43.91%, and finally increased the yield by 9.62%－18.33%. Nitrogen application promoted the release of straw nutrients and improved the nitrogen absorption and transport capacity of rice plants, increased the number of effective panicles and significantly increased the yield by 16.21%－28.31%. Compared with the alternative dry-wet irrigation coupled with optimized nitrogen application (N1) mode, the flooding irrigation coupled with traditional nitrogen application (N2) mode promoted the release of straw nutrients, increased the aboveground nitrogen accumulation of rice by 1.17%－11.89%. It improved the aboveground nitrogen accumulation capacity and nitrogen transport capacity of stems, sheaths and leaves, and significantly improved the nitrogen recovery and utilization rate by 7.27%－26.06%.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of full burying of wheat straw and returning to the field, the alternative dry-wet irrigation coupled with optimized nitrogen application can promote the release of straw nitrogen, effectively improve the nitrogen accumulation and utilization capacity of rice, and improve the nitrogen recovery and utilization rate and water use efficiency. It is the most suitable water-fertilizer coupling model in this experiment.

Key words: indica hybrid rice, straw returning, water-nitrogen coupling, nitrogen use efficiency, yield

张宇杰, 王志强, 马鹏, 杨志远, 孙永健, 马均. 麦秆还田下水氮耦合对水稻氮素吸收利用及产量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(4): 388-398.

ZHANG Yujie, WANG Zhiqiang, MA Peng, YANG Zhiyuan, SUN Yongjian, MA Jun. Effects of Water-nitrogen Coupling on Nitrogen Uptake, Utilization and Yield of Rice Under Wheat Straw Returning[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(4): 388-398.

图/表 10

参考文献 33

[1]	侯萌瑶, 张丽, 王知文, 杨殿林, 王丽丽, 修伟明, 赵建宁. 中国主要农作物化肥用量估算[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2017, 34(4): 360-367.
	Hou M Y, Zhang L, Wang Z W, Yang D L, Wang L L, Xiu W M, Zhao J L. Estimation of fertilizer usage from main crops in China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2017, 34(4): 360-367. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]	巨晓棠, 谷保静. 我国农田氮肥施用现状、问题及趋势[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(4): 783-795.
	Ju X T, Gu B J. Status-quo, problem and trend of nitrogen fertilization in China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 34(4): 783-795. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	中华人民共和国水利部. 2020年中国水资源公报[R]. 北京: 水利部水利信息中心, 2021.
	Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China. China Water Resources Bulletin of 2020[R]. Beijing: Water Resources Information Center of the Ministry of Water Resources, 2021. (in Chinese)
[4]	王浩, 汪林, 杨贵羽, 贾玲, 姚懿真, 张瑀桐, 我国农业水资源形势与高效利用战略举措[J]. 中国工程科学, 2018, 20(5): 9-15.
	Wang H, Wang L, Yang G Y, Jia L, Yao Y Z, Zhang Y T. Agricultural water resource in China and strategic measures for its efficient utilization[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2018, 20(5): 9-15. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	Marie-Soleil T, Alicia S, Frédéric B, Nele V, Bram G. Crop residue management and soil health: A systems analysis[J]. Agricultural Systems, 2015, 134: 6-16.
[6]	刘宇峰. 不同灌溉方式与施肥下水稻生理、生长和土壤微生物生态研究[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2012.
	Liu Y F. Rice physiology and yield and microbial ecology in paddy soil under different irrigation methods and fertilization[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2012. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	Lin X Q, Zhou W J, Zhu D F, Chen H Z, Zhang Y P. Nitrogen accumulation, remobilization and partitioning in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under an improved irrigation practice[J]. Field Crops Research, 2005, 96: 448-454.
[8]	Belder P, Bouman B A M, Cabangon R, Lu G, Quilang E J P, Li Y, Spiertz J H J, Tuong T P. Effect of water-saving irrigation on rice yield and water use in typical lowland conditions in Asia[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2004, 65(3): 193-210.
[9]	Liu L J, Chen T T, Wang Z Q, Zhang H, Yang J C, Zhang J H. Combination of site-specific nitrogen management and alternate wetting and drying irrigation increases grain yield and nitrogen and water use efficiency in super rice[J]. Field Crops Research, 2013, 154: 226-235.
[10]	Wang Z Q, Zhang W Y, Beebout S.S, Zhang H, Liu L J, Yang J C, Zhang J H. Grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of rice as influenced by irrigation regimes and their interaction with nitrogen rates[J]. Field Crops Research, 2016, 193(4): 54-69.
[11]	程建平, 曹凑贵, 蔡明历, 袁保忠, 翟晶. 不同土壤水势与氮素营养对杂交水稻生理特性和产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2008(2): 199-206.
	Cheng J P, Cao C G, Cai M L, Yuan B Z, Zhai J. Effect of different nitrogen nutrition and soil water potential on physiological parameters and yield of hybrid rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2008(2): 199-206. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	杨建昌, 王志琴, 朱庆森. 不同土壤水分状况下氮素营养对水稻产量的影响及其生理机制的研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 1996(4): 59-67.
	Yang J C, Wang Z Q, Zhu Q S. Effects of nitrogen nutrition on rice yield and its physiological mechanism under different status of soil moisture[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1996(4): 59-67. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	Wang J Y, Jia J X, Xiong Z Q, Khalil M.A.K, Xing G X. Water regime-nitrogen fertilizer-straw incorporation interaction: Field study on nitrous oxide emissions from a rice agroecosystem in Nanjing, China[J]. Agricultural, Ecosystems&Environment, 2011, 141(3-4): 437-446.
[14]	孙永健, 孙园园, 徐徽, 李玥, 严奉君, 蒋明金, 马均. 水氮管理模式对不同氮效率水稻氮素利用特性及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(9): 1639-1649.
	Sun Y J, Sun Y Y, Xu H, Li Y, Yan F J, Jiang M J, Ma J. Effects of water-nitrogen management patterns on nitrogen utilization characteristics and yield in rice cultivars with different nitrogen use efficiencies[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(9): 1639-1649. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	张自常, 李鸿伟, 曹转勤, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 施氮量和灌溉方式的交互作用对水稻产量和品质影响[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(1): 84-92.
	Zhang Z C, Li H W, Cao Z Q, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. Effect of interaction between nitrogen rate and irrigation regime on grain yield and quality of rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2013, 39(1): 84-92. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	赵建红, 李玥, 孙永健, 李应洪, 孙加威, 代邹, 谢华英, 徐徽, 马均. 灌溉方式和氮肥运筹对免耕厢沟栽培杂交稻氮素利用及产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 609-617.
	Zhao J H, Li Y, Sun Y J, Li Y H, Sun J W, Dai Z, Xie H Y, Xu H, Ma J. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of hybrid rice cultivated in ditches under no-tillage[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(3): 609-617. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	叶文培, 谢小立, 王凯荣, 李志国. 不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2008(1): 65-70.
	Ye W P, Xie X L, Wang K R, Li Z G. Effects of rice straw manuring in different periods on growth and yield of rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2008(1): 65-70. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	汪军, 王德建, 张刚. 太湖地区稻麦轮作体系下秸秆还田配施氮肥对水稻产量及经济效益的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2011, 19(2): 265-270.
	Wang J, Wang D J, Zhang G. Effects of different N-fertlizer rates with straw incorporation on rice yield and economic benefit of rice-wheat rotation system in Taihu Lake region[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2011, 19(2): 265-270. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	陈立冬, 杨夏威, 陈伟, 周明耀. 秸秆还田条件水肥耦合对水稻产量与品质的影响[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2018, 36(11): 1152-1156.
	Chen L D, Yang X W, Chen W, Zhou M Y. Effects of water-fertilizer coupling with straw returning on yield and quality of rice[J]. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2018, 36(11): 1152-1156. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	孙永健. 水氮互作对水稻产量形成和氮素利用特征的影响及其生理基础[D]. 雅安: 四川农业大学, 2010.
	Sun Y J. Effects of water-nitrogen interaction on yield formation and characteristics of nitrogen utilization in rice and its physiological basis[D]. Ya’an: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2010. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	徐国伟, 王贺正, 翟志华, 孙梦, 李友军. 不同水氮耦合对水稻根系形态生理、产量与氮素利用的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(10): 132-141.
	Xu G W, Wang H Z, Zhai Z H, Sun M, Li Y J. Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on root morphology and physiology, yield and nutrition utilization for rice[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(10): 132-141. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	Zhang B, Pang C, Qin J, Liu K, Li H. Rice straw incorporation in winter with fertilizer-N application improves soil fertility and reduces global warming potential from a double rice paddy field[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2013, 49(8): 1039-1052.
[23]	严奉君, 孙永健, 马均, 徐徽, 李玥, 杨志远, 蒋明金, 吕腾飞. 秸秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(1): 23-35.
	Yan F J, Sun Y J, Ma J, Xu H, Li Y, Yang Z Y, Jiang M J, Lü T F. Effects of straw mulch and nitrogen management on root growth and nitrogen utilization characteristics of hybrid rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(1): 23-35. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	王建明, 杨建忠, 何晓艳, 毛华方, 石世杰. 小麦秸秆还田条件下氮肥运筹对水稻产量、品质和氮素利用的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2010(6): 124-126.
	Wang J M, Yang J Z, He X Y, Mao H F, Shi S J. Effects of nitrogen management on rice yield, quality and nitrogen utilization under the condition of returning wheat straw[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2010(6): 124-126. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]	戴志刚, 鲁剑巍, 李小坤, 鲁明星, 杨文兵, 高祥照. 不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(6): 272-276.
	Dai Z G, Lu J W, Li X K, Lu M X, Yang W B, Gao X Z. Nutrient release characteristic of different crop straws manure[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2010, 26(6): 272-276. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	代文才, 高明, 兰木羚, 黄容, 王金柱, 王子芳, 韩晓飞. 不同作物秸秆在旱地和水田中的腐解特性及养分释放规律[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(2): 188-199.
	Dai W C, Gao M, Lan M L, Huang R, Wang J Z, Wang Z F, Han X F. Nutrient release patterns and decomposition characteristics of different crop straws in drylands and paddy fields[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(2): 188-199. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	李廷亮, 王宇峰, 王嘉豪, 栗丽, 谢钧宇, 李丽娜, 黄晓磊, 谢英荷. 我国主要粮食作物秸秆还田养分资源量及其对小麦化肥减施的启示[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(23): 4835-4854.
	Li T L, Wang Y F, Wang J H, Li L, Xie J Y, Li L N, Huang X L, Xie Y H. Nutrient resource quantity from main grain crop straw incorporation and its enlightenment on chemical fertilizer reduction in wheat production in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(23): 4835-4854. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]	Hassink J. The capacity of soils to preserve organic C and N by their association with clay and silt particles[J]. Plant and Soil, 1997, 191(1): 77-87.
[29]	赵娜, 赵护兵, 鱼昌为, 曹群虎, 李敏, 曹卫东, 高亚军. 旱地豆科绿肥腐解及养分释放动态研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(5): 1179-1187.
	Zhao N, Zhao H B, Yu C W,. Cao Q H, Li M, Cao W D, Gao Y J. Nutrient releases of leguminous green manures in rainfed lands[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2011, 17(5): 1179-1187. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	李昌明, 王晓玥, 孙波. 不同气候和土壤条件下秸秆腐解过程中养分的释放特征及其影响因素[J]. 土壤学报, 2017, 54(5): 1206-1217.
	Li C M, Wang X Y, Sun B. Characteristics of nutrient release and its affecting factors during plant residue decomposition under different climate and soil conditions[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2017, 54(5): 1206-1217. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	李晓峰, 程金秋, 梁健, 陈梦云, 任红茹, 张洪程, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 秸秆全量还田与氮肥运筹对机插粳稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(6): 912-924.
	Li X F, Cheng J Q, Liang B, Chen M Y, Ren H R, Zhang H C, Huo Z Y, Dai Q G, Xu K, Wei H Y, Guo B W. Effects of total straw returning and nitrogen application on grain yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of machine transplanted japonica rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2017, 43(6): 912-924. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]	van Asten P J A, van Bodegom P M, Mulder L M, Kropff M J. Effect of straw application on rice yields and nutrient availability on an alkaline and a pH-neutral soil in a Sahelian Irrigation Scheme[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2005, 72(3): 255-266.
[33]	Liang X Q, Chen Y X, Nie Z Y, Ye Y S, Tuong T P. Mitigation of nutrient losses via surface runoff from rice cropping systems with alternate wetting and drying irrigation and site-specific nutrient management practices[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2013, 20(10): 6980-6991.

年份 Year	全氮 Total N/(g·kg⁻¹)	有机质 Organic matter/(g·kg⁻¹)	速效养分 Available nutrient/(mg·kg⁻¹)			pH值 pH value
年份 Year	全氮 Total N/(g·kg⁻¹)	有机质 Organic matter/(g·kg⁻¹)	N	P	K	pH值 pH value
2019	1.95	15.56	129.31	32.48	96.27	6.23
2020	2.04	22.31	116.42	23.35	78.81	5.98

年份 Year	全氮 Total N/(g·kg⁻¹)	有机质 Organic matter/(g·kg⁻¹)	速效养分 Available nutrient/(mg·kg⁻¹)			pH值 pH value
年份 Year	全氮 Total N/(g·kg⁻¹)	有机质 Organic matter/(g·kg⁻¹)	N	P	K	pH值 pH value
2019	1.95	15.56	129.31	32.48	96.27	6.23
2020	2.04	22.31	116.42	23.35	78.81	5.98

年份 Year	播栽方式 Transplanting method	播种时间 Sowing date (Month-day)	移栽时间 Transplanting date (Month-day)	主要生育时期 Main growth stage
年份 Year	播栽方式 Transplanting method	播种时间 Sowing date (Month-day)	移栽时间 Transplanting date (Month-day)	分蘖盛期 Active tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Maturing stage
2019	人工移栽Artificial transplanting	04-16	05-20	06-11	06-26	07-30	09-09
2020	人工移栽Artificial transplanting	04-16	05-20	06-12	06-25	07-27	09-07

年份 Year	播栽方式 Transplanting method	播种时间 Sowing date (Month-day)	移栽时间 Transplanting date (Month-day)	主要生育时期 Main growth stage
年份 Year	播栽方式 Transplanting method	播种时间 Sowing date (Month-day)	移栽时间 Transplanting date (Month-day)	分蘖盛期 Active tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Maturing stage
2019	人工移栽Artificial transplanting	04-16	05-20	06-11	06-26	07-30	09-09
2020	人工移栽Artificial transplanting	04-16	05-20	06-12	06-25	07-27	09-07

处理 Treatment	水分管理模式 Water management	氮肥施用模式 Nitrogen fertilizer	秸秆还田方式 Straw returning
W1N1S1	干湿交替灌溉W1	优化施氮模式N1	全量翻埋还田S1
W1N0S1	干湿交替灌溉W1	不施氮N0	全量翻埋还田S1
W1N0S0	干湿交替灌溉W1	不施氮N0	不还田S0
W2N2S1	淹水灌溉W2	传统施氮模式N2	全量翻埋还田S1
W2N0S1	淹水灌溉W2	不施氮N0	全量翻埋还田S1
W2N0S0	淹水灌溉W2	不施氮N0	不还田S0