Effects of Interaction Between Irrigation Mode and Nitrogen Application Rate on the Yield Formation of Main Stem and Tillers of Rice

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.0519

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of the interaction between irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate on root morphology, yield formation of main stem and tillers were studied in order to lay a theoretical basis for green rice production and efficient use of water and fertilizer. 【Method】 Using the cultivar Liangyou 287 as the material, nine treatments were designed using the combinations of three irrigation modes (immersion irrigation, conventional irrigation, and submerged irrigation, abbreviated as W1, W2, and W3) and three nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 165.0, and 247.5 kg/hm², abbreviated as N0, N1, and N2). Sampling was conducted at key growth stages of rice to determine root morphology and vitality, tiller dynamics, biomass and nutrient content, and to study the effects of irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate and their interaction on rice growth and development, grain yield, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and rice quality. 【Result】Compared with W2 treatment, although the productive tiller percentage of rice under W1 treatment was reduced by 9.2% on average, the yield of main stem, primary tillers and secondary tillers increased by 32.7%, 18.1% and 33.4%, respectively. The total yield increased by 18.5% on average. The productive tiller percentage of rice under W3 decreased by 5.0% on average, and the yield of main stem, primary tiller and secondary tiller increased by 9.3%, 2.0% and 46.4%, respectively as compared with W2 treatment. However, there was no significant difference in total yield between W2 and W3. Compared with the N0 treatment, the productive tiller percentage at two nitrogen application levels increased by 6.1% on average, the main stem and primary tiller yields increased by 8.1% and 92.6% on average, and the secondary tiller yield increased by 0.57 t/hm² on average (N0 secondary tiller emerged in the N0 treatment), the total yield increased by 88.0% on average. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant interaction between irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate on the yield of main stem and tillers, total yield and number of spikelets per panicle. In addition, irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate have significant effects on root morphology, root vitality, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen dry matter production efficiency. The results of analysis of variance showed that there were significant interactions between irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate on total root length, root volume, number of root tips, root bleeding rate, root biomass, crop growth rate, and so on. 【Conclusion】 Irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate significantly affect rice root morphology, tiller formation and yield, and there is a clear interaction. Under the experimental conditions, the appropriate application level of nitrogen fertilizer (165.0 kg/hm²) in the immersion irrigation mode can increase the water and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and improve rice quality while obtaining higher yield.

Key words: rice, irrigation mode, nitrogen application rate, interaction between irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate, yield

摘要：

【目的】明确灌溉模式与施氮量及其互作对水稻根系形态、茎蘖产量形成的影响,以期为水稻绿色生产及水肥高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用大田试验的方法,以两优287为材料,设置浸润式灌溉(W1)、常规灌溉(W2)和淹水灌溉(W3)三种灌水模式,不施氮(N0,0 kg/hm²)、常规施氮(N1,165.0 kg/hm²)和高氮(N2,247.5 kg /hm²)三个氮肥用量共9个处理。在水稻关键生育期取样,测定根系形态和活力、茎蘖动态、生物量和养分含量,研究灌溉模式与施氮量及其互作对水稻生长发育、产量、氮肥利用率和品质的影响。【结果】与W2处理相比,尽管W1处理水稻成穗率平均减少9.2%,但主茎、一次分蘖和二次分蘖的产量分别增加32.7%、18.1%和33.4%,总体产量平均增加18.5%;W3处理水稻成穗率平均减少5.0%,主茎、一次分蘖和二次分蘖的产量分别平均增加9.3%、2.0%和46.4%,总体产量无显著差异。与N0处理相比,各施氮处理的水稻成穗率平均增加6.1%,主茎和一次分蘖的产量分别平均增加8.1%和92.6%,二次分蘖产量平均增加0.57 t/hm²(N0处理无二次分蘖),总体产量平均增加88.0%。方差分析结果显示,灌溉模式与施氮量对茎蘖产量、总体产量及每穗粒数存在显著交互作用。此外,灌溉模式与施氮量对根系形态、根系活力、氮素吸收以及氮素干物质生产效率均产生了显著影响。方差分析结果显示,灌溉模式与施氮量对总根长、根体积、根尖数、根系伤流速度以及根、茎、叶、穗各器官生物量、群体生长速率等均存在显著交互作用。【结论】灌溉模式和施氮量显著影响水稻根系形态、分蘖形成及产量,且存在明显的交互作用。本试验条件下,浸润式灌溉模式下施用适量氮肥(165.0 kg/hm²)可在获得较高产量的同时提高水分和氮肥利用效率并改善稻米品质。

关键词: 水稻, 灌溉模式, 施氮量, 水氮互作, 产量

Cheng YANG, Yang WANG, Wanyang ZHANG, Tinghong YE, Jianwei LU, Geng ZHANG, Xiaokun LI. Effects of Interaction Between Irrigation Mode and Nitrogen Application Rate on the Yield Formation of Main Stem and Tillers of Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(2): 155-165.

杨丞, 汪洋, 张万洋, 叶廷红, 鲁剑巍, 张赓, 李小坤. 灌溉模式与施氮量互作对水稻茎蘖产量形成的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(2): 155-165.

Figures/Tables 9

References 31

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灌溉模式 Irrigation mode	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	总根长 TRL/m	根表面积 TRSA/(×10³ cm²)	根体积 TRV/cm³	根尖数 TRN/(×10⁴)	平均根直径 ARD/mm
W1	N0	19.29±1.05 c	0.88±0.05 d	32.64±2.21 c	0.53±0.02 e	1.46±0.01 d
	N1	30.66±3.08 b	1.35±0.09 c	43.65±2.61 b	1.01±0.14 cd	2.85±0.35 b
	N2	37.58±1.68 a	2.03±0.16 a	78.23±0.23 a	1.15±0.05 bc	3.73±0.35 a
W2	N0	23.59±2.35 c	0.90±0.09 d	28.81±2.15 c	0.77±0.14 de	1.21±0.07 d
	N1	39.05±0.24 a	1.69±0.22 b	50.77±6.76 b	1.00±0.01 cd	2.24±0.16 c
	N2	36.44±2.23 a	2.03±0.08 a	48.77±0.14 b	1.62±0.20 a	3.06±0.43 b
W3	N0	37.59±3.31 a	1.06±0.07 d	26.91±2.31 c	0.89±0.02 cd	1.47±0.28 d
	N1	37.60±3.61 a	1.63±0.18 b	50.17±4.08 b	1.06±0.06 c	2.79±0.39 b
	N2	29.87±3.87 b	1.97±0.12 a	47.64±7.95 b	1.36±0.30 b	3.19±0.43 b
F值	W	11.29^**	2.98	16.16^**	7.61^**	6.04^*
F-value	N	30.35^**	154.95^**	117.35^**	47.75^**	89.60^**
	W×N	21.91^**	2.45	21.77^**	3.09^*	0.97

灌溉模式 Irrigation mode	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	总根长 TRL/m	根表面积 TRSA/(×10³ cm²)	根体积 TRV/cm³	根尖数 TRN/(×10⁴)	平均根直径 ARD/mm
W1	N0	19.29±1.05 c	0.88±0.05 d	32.64±2.21 c	0.53±0.02 e	1.46±0.01 d
	N1	30.66±3.08 b	1.35±0.09 c	43.65±2.61 b	1.01±0.14 cd	2.85±0.35 b
	N2	37.58±1.68 a	2.03±0.16 a	78.23±0.23 a	1.15±0.05 bc	3.73±0.35 a
W2	N0	23.59±2.35 c	0.90±0.09 d	28.81±2.15 c	0.77±0.14 de	1.21±0.07 d
	N1	39.05±0.24 a	1.69±0.22 b	50.77±6.76 b	1.00±0.01 cd	2.24±0.16 c
	N2	36.44±2.23 a	2.03±0.08 a	48.77±0.14 b	1.62±0.20 a	3.06±0.43 b
W3	N0	37.59±3.31 a	1.06±0.07 d	26.91±2.31 c	0.89±0.02 cd	1.47±0.28 d
	N1	37.60±3.61 a	1.63±0.18 b	50.17±4.08 b	1.06±0.06 c	2.79±0.39 b
	N2	29.87±3.87 b	1.97±0.12 a	47.64±7.95 b	1.36±0.30 b	3.19±0.43 b
F值	W	11.29^**	2.98	16.16^**	7.61^**	6.04^*
F-value	N	30.35^**	154.95^**	117.35^**	47.75^**	89.60^**
	W×N	21.91^**	2.45	21.77^**	3.09^*	0.97

生育时期 Growth stage	灌溉模式 Irrigation regime	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	根系生物量 Root biomass /(t·hm^-2)	地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass/(t·hm^-2)			根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
生育时期 Growth stage	灌溉模式 Irrigation regime	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	根系生物量 Root biomass /(t·hm^-2)	茎Stem	叶Leaf	穗Panicle	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
拔节期 Jointing stage	W1	N0	0.43±0.04 d	1.13±0.07 c	0.56±0.04 e	-	0.26±0.02 e
		N1	0.66±0.04 c	1.58±0.12 ab	1.09±0.15 c	-	0.25±0.01 e
		N2	0.96±0.03 b	1.64±0.12 a	1.31±0.19 ab	-	0.33±0.03 cd
	W2	N0	0.32±0.05 de	0.59±0.05 d	0.32±0.03 f	-	0.35±0.03 c
		N1	0.67±0.02 c	1.35±0.16 bc	0.89±0.01 d	-	0.30±0.01 d
		N2	1.29±0.14 a	1.61±0.02 a	1.28±0.07 b	-	0.45±0.04 a
	W3	N0	0.27±0.02 e	0.53±0.07 d	0.31±0.04 f	-	0.32±0.01 cd
		N1	0.88±0.12 b	1.70±0.25 a	1.05±0.12 cd	-	0.32±0.02 cd
		N2	1.32±0.16 a	1.82±0.22 a	1.46±0.12 a	-	0.40±0.02 b
	F值	W	5.67^*	0.53	5.57^*	-	36.85^**
	F-value	N	220.47^**	24.48^**	196.96^**	-	49.06^**
		W×N	9.54^**	0.54	3.07^*	-	2.31
抽穗期 Heading stage	W1	N0	0.55±0.07 d	2.22±0.08 d	0.71±0.07 e	0.73±0.04 cd	0.15±0.01 bc
		N1	0.92±0.11 c	3.53±0.27 bc	1.66±0.19 bc	1.49±0.13 a	0.14±0.01 cd
		N2	0.94±0.12 c	3.52±0.50 bc	1.77±0.09 b	0.84±0.05 c	0.15±0.01 b
	W2	N0	0.49±0.00 d	1.87±0.16 d	0.52±0.01 e	0.61±0.04 d	0.16±0.01 ab
		N1	1.12±0.04 b	3.94±0.52 b	1.47±0.20 cd	1.31±0.15 a	0.17±0.01 a
		N2	1.36±0.08 a	4.52±0.28 a	2.21±0.29 a	1.43±0.19 a	0.14±0.01 d
	W3	N0	0.47±0.03 d	1.68±0.05 d	0.53±0.05 e	0.58±0.06 d	0.17±0.00 a
		N1	0.83±0.08 c	3.10±0.10 c	1.32±0.04 d	0.85±0.09 c	0.16±0.01 ab
		N2	0.91±0.06 c	3.26±0.24 c	1.65±0.07 bc	1.10±0.08 b	0.15±0.00 bc
	F值	W	27.39^**	16.42^**	7.79^**	15.04^**	13.87^**
	F-value	N	145.31^**	101.18^**	197.29^**	75.33^**	1.07
		W×N	9.52^**	5.39^**	5.93^**	18.91^**	4.97^**

生育时期 Growth stage	灌溉模式 Irrigation regime	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	根系生物量 Root biomass /(t·hm^-2)	地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass/(t·hm^-2)			根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
生育时期 Growth stage	灌溉模式 Irrigation regime	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	根系生物量 Root biomass /(t·hm^-2)	茎Stem	叶Leaf	穗Panicle	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
拔节期 Jointing stage	W1	N0	0.43±0.04 d	1.13±0.07 c	0.56±0.04 e	-	0.26±0.02 e
		N1	0.66±0.04 c	1.58±0.12 ab	1.09±0.15 c	-	0.25±0.01 e
		N2	0.96±0.03 b	1.64±0.12 a	1.31±0.19 ab	-	0.33±0.03 cd
	W2	N0	0.32±0.05 de	0.59±0.05 d	0.32±0.03 f	-	0.35±0.03 c
		N1	0.67±0.02 c	1.35±0.16 bc	0.89±0.01 d	-	0.30±0.01 d
		N2	1.29±0.14 a	1.61±0.02 a	1.28±0.07 b	-	0.45±0.04 a
	W3	N0	0.27±0.02 e	0.53±0.07 d	0.31±0.04 f	-	0.32±0.01 cd
		N1	0.88±0.12 b	1.70±0.25 a	1.05±0.12 cd	-	0.32±0.02 cd
		N2	1.32±0.16 a	1.82±0.22 a	1.46±0.12 a	-	0.40±0.02 b
	F值	W	5.67^*	0.53	5.57^*	-	36.85^**
	F-value	N	220.47^**	24.48^**	196.96^**	-	49.06^**
		W×N	9.54^**	0.54	3.07^*	-	2.31
抽穗期 Heading stage	W1	N0	0.55±0.07 d	2.22±0.08 d	0.71±0.07 e	0.73±0.04 cd	0.15±0.01 bc
		N1	0.92±0.11 c	3.53±0.27 bc	1.66±0.19 bc	1.49±0.13 a	0.14±0.01 cd
		N2	0.94±0.12 c	3.52±0.50 bc	1.77±0.09 b	0.84±0.05 c	0.15±0.01 b
	W2	N0	0.49±0.00 d	1.87±0.16 d	0.52±0.01 e	0.61±0.04 d	0.16±0.01 ab
		N1	1.12±0.04 b	3.94±0.52 b	1.47±0.20 cd	1.31±0.15 a	0.17±0.01 a
		N2	1.36±0.08 a	4.52±0.28 a	2.21±0.29 a	1.43±0.19 a	0.14±0.01 d
	W3	N0	0.47±0.03 d	1.68±0.05 d	0.53±0.05 e	0.58±0.06 d	0.17±0.00 a
		N1	0.83±0.08 c	3.10±0.10 c	1.32±0.04 d	0.85±0.09 c	0.16±0.01 ab
		N2	0.91±0.06 c	3.26±0.24 c	1.65±0.07 bc	1.10±0.08 b	0.15±0.00 bc
	F值	W	27.39^**	16.42^**	7.79^**	15.04^**	13.87^**
	F-value	N	145.31^**	101.18^**	197.29^**	75.33^**	1.07
		W×N	9.52^**	5.39^**	5.93^**	18.91^**	4.97^**

灌溉模式 Irrigation mode	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	成穗率 Productive tiller percentage/%	产量Grain yield/(t·hm^-2)			产量贡献率Yield contribution rate/%
灌溉模式 Irrigation mode	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	成穗率 Productive tiller percentage/%	主茎 MS	一次分蘖 PT	二次分蘖 ST	主茎 MS	一次分蘖 PT	二次分蘖 ST
W1	N0	63.43±3.09 b	1.41±0.12 a	2.56±0.23 d	-	35.63±0.93 a	64.37±1.69 b	-
	N1	71.41±3.13 a	1.43±0.06 a	4.64±0.19 ab	0.38±0.02 c	22.21±0.30 cd	71.97±0.97 ab	5.82±0.08 e
	N2	63.58±2.84 b	1.23±0.14 bc	4.33±0.51 b	0.80±0.09 a	19.32±0.39 e	68.09±1.37 b	12.58±0.25 a
W2	N0	73.08±4.88 a	1.01±0.06 de	2.11±0.13 de	-	32.37±3.03 b	67.63±6.32 b	-
	N1	75.51±1.92 a	1.12±0.07 cd	3.20±0.21 c	0.47±0.03 c	23.38±1.38 c	66.90±3.95 b	9.72±0.57 c
	N2	77.38±5.38 a	0.94±0.05 de	4.92±0.26 a	0.43±0.02 c	15.00±0.57 f	78.15±2.98 a	6.85±0.26 d
W3	N0	63.00±3.00 b	0.93±0.08 e	2.00±0.17 e	-	31.84±1.06 b	68.16±2.27 b	-
	N1	73.11±3.55 a	1.08±0.05 cde	3.69±0.18 c	0.60±0.03 b	20.15±1.83 de	68.69±6.25 b	11.16±1.02 b
	N2	74.92±5.41 a	1.31±0.15 ab	4.72±0.54 ab	0.71±0.08 a	19.39±1.29 e	70.11±4.68 b	10.50±0.70 bc
F值	W	12.69^**	29.93^**	5.44^*	22.50^**	6.05^*	1.81	29.87^**
F-value	N	7.86^**	2.12	150.96^**	43.02^**	276.21^**	4.34^*	15.71^**
	W×N	2.75	8.02^**	9.03^**	28.41^**	6.55^**	3.29^*	114.77^**