Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics of High Yield japonica Rice Variety Nanjingjinggu

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.220202

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to clarify the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics and the photosynthetic advantages of high yield variety Nanjingjinggu, so as to lay a theoretical basis for the breeding of high yield and high quality rice varieties. 【Method】 Taking Nanjingjinggu and its parents as materials, the dry matter accumulation and distribution of the aboveground part, leaf photosynthetic physiological characteristics of photosystem Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ), and chloroplast ultrastructure of Nanjingjinggu and its parents from booting stage to 42 days after flowering were studied. 【Result】 The number of grains per panicle of Nanjingjinggu was significantly higher than those of its parents, and the total amount of spikelets per unit area was 14%－27% higher than those of its parents. The flag leaf area was significantly larger than that of its parents, the aboveground dry matter weight was always higher than that of the parents after heading, and the transport amount to the panicle was higher in the late filling stage. The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf was significantly higher than that of the parents at the late growth stage, and the duration of high photosynthetic rate was long. The electron transfer, photosynthetic performance index and light energy conversion performance of PSⅡ in flag leaf were significantly better than that of the parents, and the stability and adjustment ability of core antenna proteins CP43 and CP47 under strong light and high temperature were better than that of the parents. Chloroplast grana lamellar stacking degree is high, chloroplast structure is stable, and chloroplast decay speed is slow. 【Conclusion】 The photosynthetic characteristics of high yield in Nanjingjinggu was the large photosynthetic area, stable chloroplast structure, and long duration of high photosynthetic performance. The photochemical efficiency of leaf PS Ⅱ was high and the energy distribution of photosynthetic apparatus was reasonable. The final performance is high net photosynthetic rate, more photosynthetic products and high transport efficiency.

Key words: rice, high yield, photosynthetic physiological

摘要：

【目的】研究南粳晶谷高产的光合生理特性，总结高产品种的光合优势，为高产水稻品种的选育提供理论依据。【方法】以南粳晶谷及其父母本为材料，研究南粳晶谷及其父母本从孕穗期到开花后42 d植株地上部干物质积累与分配、叶片光合生理特性和叶绿体超微结构。【结果】南粳晶谷的每穗粒数显著多于父母本，单位面积总颖花量比父母本多14%~27%；剑叶面积显著大于父母本，抽穗后地上部分干物质量始终高于父母本，灌浆后期向穗部转运量高；剑叶净光合速率在生育后期显著高于父母本，且高光合速率持续时间长；剑叶电子传递和光合性能指数PSⅡ光能转化性能都显著优于父母本，核心天线蛋白CP43、CP47在强光高温下的稳定性和调整能力优于父母本；叶绿体基粒片层垛叠程度高，叶绿体结构稳定，叶绿体衰败速度慢。【结论】南粳晶谷高产的光合特性是光合面积大，叶绿体结构稳定，高光合性能持续时间长；叶片PSⅡ光化学效率高，光合机构能量分配合理；最终表现为净光合速率高，光合产物多，转运效率高。

关键词: 水稻, 高产, 光合特性

WEI Xiaodong, ZHANG Yadong, SONG Xuemei, CHEN Tao, ZHU Zhen, ZHAO Qinyong, ZHAO Ling, LU Kai, LIANG Wenhua, HE Lei, HUANG Shengdong, XIE Yinfeng, WANG Cailin. Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics of High Yield japonica Rice Variety Nanjingjinggu[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(6): 611-622.

魏晓东, 张亚东, 宋雪梅, 陈涛, 朱镇, 赵庆勇, 赵凌, 路凯, 梁文化, 赫磊, 黄胜东, 谢寅峰, 王才林. 高产粳稻品种南粳晶谷的光合生理特性研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(6): 611-622.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and related abbreviations.

荧光参数 Fluorescence parameters	生物学意义 Biological significance
F₀	暗适应最小荧光Minimal fluorescence intensity
F_m	暗适应最大荧光Maximal fluorescence intensity
ABS/RC	单位反应中心吸收的光能Absorption flux per RC
TR₀/RC	单位反应中心捕获的光能Trapped energy flux per RC at t = 0
ET₀/RC	单位反应中心用于电子传递的能量Electron transport flux per RC at t =0
DI₀/RC	单位反应中心耗散的能量Dissipated energy flux per RC at t = 0
ABS/CS_m	单位截面吸收的光能Absorption flux per CS at t=t_F_m
TR₀/CS_m	单位截面捕获的光能Trapped energy flux per CS at t = t_F_m
ET₀/CS_m	单位反应中心用于电子传递的能量Electron transport flux per CS at t = t_F_m
DI₀/CS_m	单位截面耗散的光能Dissipated energy flux per CS at t = t_F_m
S_m	标准化后的 J-P 相和直线 F=F_m 之间的面积Relative area between F_m and F_t
φE₀	用于电子传递的量子产额(在 t = 0 时) Quantum yield for electron transport at t = 0
RC/CS₀	单位面积有活性反应中心数(在 t = 0 时) Density of reaction centers per cross-section
PI_abs F_v/F_m(Maximum photochemical efficiency)	光合性能指数Performance index 最大光化学效率
DAF	开花后天数Days after flowering

Table 2. Yield traits of Nanjingjinggu and its parents.

品种 Variety	穗数 PN/(×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 SP	结实率 SSR/%	千粒重 TGW/g	单株粒重 GW/g	产量 GY/(kg·hm⁻²)
南粳晶谷Nanjingjinggu	237.3±27.2 b	135.8±26.5 a	91.2±0.5 a	26.8±0.1 b	31.5±1.4 a	12068.0±554.5 a
南粳44 Nanjing 44	226.6±42.3 b	112.0±14.3 b	90.7±0.9 a	28.2±0.5 a	25.2±5.5 c	9623.7±139.3 c
宁6301 Ning 6301	258.2±9.7 a	109.6±4.1 b	90.0±4.7 a	25.4±0.1 b	28.1±1.3 b	10748.3±507.2 b

Fig. 1. Flag leaf area of Nanjingjinggu and its parents at booting stage. Difference at the 5% level compared with Nanjingjinggu. The same as in figures below.

Fig. 2. Stem and leaf dry weight (SLDW), panicle dry weight (PDW) and total dry weight (TDW) of aboveground part of Nanjingjinggu and its parents from booting. *Means significant difference between Nanjingjinggu and Nanjing 44 and / or Ning 6301 at the 5% level. The same below.

Fig. 3. SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate in flag leaves of Nanjingjinggu and its parents from booting stage to 35 days after flowering (DAF).

Fig. 4. Fluorescence transient parameters of flag leaves of Nanjingjinggu and its parents from booting stage to 35 days after flowering (DAF).

Fig. 5. Fluorescence transient parameters of flag leaves of Nanjingjinggu and its parents of different varieties at 8:00 am, 12:00, 18:00 on 21 d and 35 d after flowering.

Fig. 6. Immunoblot with antibodies against CP43 and CP47 in flag leaves of Nanjingjinggu and its parents at 21 d and 35 d after flowering. A, Comparison of immunoblot with antibodies against CP43 in flag leaves of different varieties at 8:00, 12:00, 18:00 on 21 DAF and 35 DAF; B, Comparison of immunoblot with antibodies against CP47 in flag leaves of different varieties at 8:00, 12:00, 18:00 on 21d and 35 d.

Fig. 7. Chloroplast ultrastructure in flag leaves of Nanjingjinggu and its parents at 21 d and 35 d after flowering. A, Nanjingjinggu, 21 d after flowering; B, Nanjing 44, 21 d after flowering; C, Ning 6301, 21 d after flowering; D, Nanjingjinggu, 35 d after flowering; E, Nanjing 44, 35 d after flowering; F, Ning 6301, 35 d after flowering. G, Granum thylakoid; ST, Stroma thylakoid; O, Osmiophilic granule.

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