播种量和取秧量对精量条播机插杂交稻高产群体构建及能效的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.250311

中国水稻科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 477-490.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.250311

• 专题：水稻生产机械化与智能化 • 上一篇下一篇

播种量和取秧量对精量条播机插杂交稻高产群体构建及能效的影响

曹云¹, 陈雪芳¹, 黄兴海¹, 何咨霆¹, 汤菁莎¹, 陈坤¹, 汪爱羚¹, 罗贯洲¹, 廖琴¹, 孙园园², 郭翔², 杨志远¹, 马均¹, 孙永健¹^,^*()

¹四川农业大学水稻研究所/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室，成都 611130
²四川省农业气象中心，成都 610072

收稿日期:2025-03-14 修回日期:2025-05-05 出版日期:2025-07-10 发布日期:2025-07-21
通讯作者: ^*email：yongjians1980@163.com
基金资助:
四川省科技计划资助项目(2024NZZJ0005);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFD2301903);四川省农机研发制造推广应用一体化试点项目;国家现代农业产业体系四川创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2024-2);四川省育种攻关计划资助项目(2021YFYZ0005)

Effects of Seeding Rate and Seedling Picking Area on Establishment of High-yield Populations and Energy Efficiency in Precision Drill-Sown and Machine-transplanted Hybrid Rice

CAO Yun¹, CHEN Xuefang¹, HUANG Xinghai¹, HE Ziting¹, TANG Jingsha¹, CHEN Kun¹, WANG Ailing¹, LUO Guanzhou¹, LIAO Qin¹, SUN Yuanyuan², GUO Xiang², YANG Zhiyuan¹, MA Jun¹, SUN Yongjian¹^,^*()

¹Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
²Sichuan Provincial Agricultural Meteorological Center, Chengdu 610072, China

Received:2025-03-14 Revised:2025-05-05 Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-07-21
Contact: ^*email：yongjians1980@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确杂交稻精量条播下，条播量和取秧量对机插质量、高产群体构建及能效的影响，提出条播量和机插取秧量的优化组合，为完善杂交稻精量条播育插秧高产高效栽培技术提供依据。【方法】在精量条播18条带下，以川康优6308为试材，进行两因素裂区试验设计，主区设100粒/条(M₁)，130粒/条(M₂)，160粒/条(M₃)，190粒/条(M₄)四个条播量，副区为1.25 cm²(S₁)，2.03 cm²(S₂)，2.81 cm²(S₃)三个机插取秧面积来代表不同取秧量，研究其对机插杂交稻秧苗素质、机插质量、群体质量、产量及能效的影响。【结果】在不同条播量，秧龄为25 d下，M₁和M₂处理间差异不显著，株高(17.05~17.95 cm)、茎基宽(1.78~1.84 mm)、绿叶数(3.41~3.57片)、成苗率(74.15%~77.75%)和根数(7.04~7.71条/株)均显著优于M₃和M₄处理(1.36%~21.46%)，但M₂处理根冠比和根系盘结力优于M₁处理。不同条播量和取秧量处理下，M₂S₃为最佳试验处理，其机插质量最优，且在生育后期叶面积衰减缓慢，群体生长率和群体净同化率分别比其余处理高0.77%~70.59%，2.54%~55.79%，产量达到10768.79 kg/hm²，相比于其他处理提高4.02%~37.23%。此外，其净能量、能量利用效率、能量生产力分别显著提高3.70%~34.41%，0.04%~1.80%和2.50%~24.24%，净收益和产投比分别增加335.13%~3935.06元/hm²和0.36%~18.93%。【结论】精量条播机插杂交稻条播18条带，条播量为130粒/条，秧龄为25 d，可以培育素质较优的秧苗，并配合机插取秧量为2.81 cm²可构建高产群体质量，节本增效，并协同提高产量和能效比。

关键词: 精量条播, 播种量, 取秧量, 产量, 能量

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of drill seeding rate and seedling picking area on mechanical transplanting quality, high-yield population establishment, and energy efficiency in hybrid rice under precision drill sowing, thereby optimizing cultivation parameters for enhanced yield and resource utilization efficiency. 【Method】 A two-factor split-plot design was conducted with hybrid rice cultivar Chuankangyou 6308 under 18-row precision drill sowing. The design comprised four main-plot drill seeding rates: 100 (M₁), 130 (M₂), 160 (M₃), and 190 grains/row (M₄), and three seedling picking areas under mechanical transplanting of 1.25 cm² (S₁), 2.03 cm² (S₂), and 2.81 cm² (S₃) were established as subplots to represent differential seedling picking quantities, systematically evaluating their impacts on seedling quality, mechanical transplanting performance, population dynamics, yield formation, and energy utilization efficiency. 【Results】 At a seedling age of 25 d and different drill seeding rates, the differences between M₁ and M₂ treatments were not significant. Plant height (17.05-17.95 cm), stem base width (1.78-1.84 mm), number of green leaves (3.41-3.57 leaves), seedling establishment rate (74.15%-77.75%) and number of roots (7.04-7.71 roots/plant) were all significantly better than those in M₃ and M₄ treatments by 1.36% to 21.46%. However, the M₂ treatment showed better root-shoot ratio and root intertwining force than the M₁ treatment. Under the treatments of drill seeding rate and seedling picking area, the experimental combination M₂S₃ achieved the best results, with optimum mechanical transplanting quality and slower leaf area decline in the later stages of reproduction. Its population growth rate and net population assimilation rate were higher than those of the other treatments by 0.77% to 70.59% and 2.54% to 55.79%, respectively, and its yield reached 10768.79 kg/hm², which was 4.01% to 37.23% higher than that of the other treatments. In addition, its net energy, energy utilization efficiency, and energy productivity were significantly increased by 3.70% to 34.41%, 0.04% to 1.80%, and 2.5% to 24.24%, respectively, and its net return and output/input ratio increased by 335.13 to 3935.06 yuan/hm² and 0.36% to 18.93%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 For precision drill-sown and machine-transplanted hybrid rice with 18 rows, using a drill seeding rate of 130 grains/row and a seedling age of 25 d can cultivate seedlings with superior quality. Combined with a seedling picking area of 2.81 cm², this approach facilitates the establishment of a high-yield population, reduces costs, improves efficiency, and synergistically increases both yield and energy efficiency ratio.

Key words: precision drill sowing, seeding rate, seedling area, yield, energy

曹云, 陈雪芳, 黄兴海, 何咨霆, 汤菁莎, 陈坤, 汪爱羚, 罗贯洲, 廖琴, 孙园园, 郭翔, 杨志远, 马均, 孙永健. 播种量和取秧量对精量条播机插杂交稻高产群体构建及能效的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2025, 39(4): 477-490.

CAO Yun, CHEN Xuefang, HUANG Xinghai, HE Ziting, TANG Jingsha, CHEN Kun, WANG Ailing, LUO Guanzhou, LIAO Qin, SUN Yuanyuan, GUO Xiang, YANG Zhiyuan, MA Jun, SUN Yongjian. Effects of Seeding Rate and Seedling Picking Area on Establishment of High-yield Populations and Energy Efficiency in Precision Drill-Sown and Machine-transplanted Hybrid Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2025, 39(4): 477-490.

图/表 11

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条播量 Drill seeding rate	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎基宽 Stalk base width (mm)	绿叶数 Number of green leaves per plant	成苗率 Seedling establishment percentage(%)	根数 Number of roots per plant	根冠比 Root- shoot ratio	根系盘结力 Root intertwining force(kg)
M₁	17.95 a	1.84 a	3.57 a	77.75 a	7.71 a	0.61 b	3.71 c
M₂	17.05 ab	1.78 a	3.41 a	74.15 ab	7.04 ab	0.64 a	3.86 bc
M₃	16.82 b	1.69 a	3.34 a	72.73 ab	6.67 bc	0.60 b	4.11 ab
M₄	15.40 c	1.60 a	3.23 a	69.89 b	6.38 c	0.58 c	4.50 a
F值 F value	15.51^**	0.70	0.69	1.74	16.23^**	36.53^**	13.02^**

条播量 Drill seeding rate	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎基宽 Stalk base width (mm)	绿叶数 Number of green leaves per plant	成苗率 Seedling establishment percentage(%)	根数 Number of roots per plant	根冠比 Root- shoot ratio	根系盘结力 Root intertwining force(kg)
M₁	17.95 a	1.84 a	3.57 a	77.75 a	7.71 a	0.61 b	3.71 c
M₂	17.05 ab	1.78 a	3.41 a	74.15 ab	7.04 ab	0.64 a	3.86 bc
M₃	16.82 b	1.69 a	3.34 a	72.73 ab	6.67 bc	0.60 b	4.11 ab
M₄	15.40 c	1.60 a	3.23 a	69.89 b	6.38 c	0.58 c	4.50 a
F值 F value	15.51^**	0.70	0.69	1.74	16.23^**	36.53^**	13.02^**

条播量 Drill seeding rate	取秧量 Seedling picking area	基础苗 Basic seedlings (plant/hill)	漏秧率 Missed hill rate(%)	漂秧率 Floating seedling rate(%)	翻倒率 Inverted seedling rate(%)	伤秧率 Damaged seedling rate(%)
M₁	S₁	1.08 c	11.11 a	3.89 a	6.67 a	5.56 a
	S₂	1.74 b	10.56 a	2.78 a	6.11 a	3.89 a
	S₃	2.42 a	10.00 a	1.67 a	5.00 a	2.78 a
平均Average		1.75 b	10.56 a	2.78 a	5.93 a	4.08 a
M₂	S₁	1.33 c	8.89 a	2.78 a	5.00 a	3.89 a
	S₂	2.16 b	7.78 a	2.22 a	4.44 a	3.33 a
	S₃	2.99 a	5.00 b	1.11 a	2.78 a	2.22 a
平均Average		2.16 b	7.22 b	2.04 a	4.07 a	3.15 a
M₃	S₁	1.61 c	5.56 a	1.67 a	2.22 a	3.33 a
	S₂	2.62 b	5.00 a	2.78 a	2.77 a	3.89 a
	S₃	3.62 a	3.89 a	3.33 a	5.00 a	5.56 a
平均Average		2.62 a	4.82 c	2.59 a	3.33 a	4.26 a
M₄	S₁	1.83 c	3.89 a	2.22 a	3.89 a	5.00 a
	S₂	2.98 b	2.78 a	2.22 a	4.44 a	5.56 b
	S₃	4.13 a	2.22 a	3.89 a	6.11 a	6.67 a
平均Average		2.98 a	2.96 d	2.78 a	4.81 a	5.74 a
F值	M	27.43^**	33.45^**	0.59	2.76	1.57
F value	S	53.49^**	3.32	0.02	0.09	0.05
	M×S	15.27^**	0.34	0.93	1.52	1.06

条播量 Drill seeding rate	取秧量 Seedling picking area	基础苗 Basic seedlings (plant/hill)	漏秧率 Missed hill rate(%)	漂秧率 Floating seedling rate(%)	翻倒率 Inverted seedling rate(%)	伤秧率 Damaged seedling rate(%)
M₁	S₁	1.08 c	11.11 a	3.89 a	6.67 a	5.56 a
	S₂	1.74 b	10.56 a	2.78 a	6.11 a	3.89 a
	S₃	2.42 a	10.00 a	1.67 a	5.00 a	2.78 a
平均Average		1.75 b	10.56 a	2.78 a	5.93 a	4.08 a
M₂	S₁	1.33 c	8.89 a	2.78 a	5.00 a	3.89 a
	S₂	2.16 b	7.78 a	2.22 a	4.44 a	3.33 a
	S₃	2.99 a	5.00 b	1.11 a	2.78 a	2.22 a
平均Average		2.16 b	7.22 b	2.04 a	4.07 a	3.15 a
M₃	S₁	1.61 c	5.56 a	1.67 a	2.22 a	3.33 a
	S₂	2.62 b	5.00 a	2.78 a	2.77 a	3.89 a
	S₃	3.62 a	3.89 a	3.33 a	5.00 a	5.56 a
平均Average		2.62 a	4.82 c	2.59 a	3.33 a	4.26 a
M₄	S₁	1.83 c	3.89 a	2.22 a	3.89 a	5.00 a
	S₂	2.98 b	2.78 a	2.22 a	4.44 a	5.56 b
	S₃	4.13 a	2.22 a	3.89 a	6.11 a	6.67 a
平均Average		2.98 a	2.96 d	2.78 a	4.81 a	5.74 a
F值	M	27.43^**	33.45^**	0.59	2.76	1.57
F value	S	53.49^**	3.32	0.02	0.09	0.05
	M×S	15.27^**	0.34	0.93	1.52	1.06

条播量 Drill seeding rate	取秧量 Seedling picking area	拔节期 Jointing stage	齐穗期 Full heading stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	齐穗-成熟期叶面积衰减率 Leaf area decline rate from FHS-MS(LAI/d)
M₁	S₁	4.32 a	6.39 a	2.22 a	0.1017 a
	S₂	4.49 a	6.43 a	2.31 a	0.1005 a
	S₃	4.56 a	6.57 a	2.35 a	0.1029 a
平均Average		4.45 d	6.46 c	2.29 d	0.1017 a
M₂	S₁	4.42 b	6.40 a	2.28 b	0.1005 a
	S₂	4.63 ab	6.50 a	2.52 a	0.0970 a
	S₃	4.92 a	6.62 a	2.62 a	0.0975 a
平均Average		4.66 c	6.51 c	2.47 c	0.0983 a
M₃	S₁	4.83 b	6.58 a	2.52 b	0.0990 a
	S₂	5.10 ab	6.69 a	2.70 ab	0.0973 a
	S₃	5.27 a	6.81 a	2.79 a	0.0980 a
平均Average		5.07 b	6.69 b	2.67 b	0.0981 a
M₄	S₁	5.05 b	6.74 a	2.67 b	0.0993 a
	S₂	5.37 ab	6.91 a	2.83 ab	0.0995 a
	S₃	5.55 a	7.14 a	2.99 a	0.1010 a
平均Average		5.32 a	6.93 a	2.83 a	0.0999 a
F值	M	67.22^**	10.30^**	124.68^**	1.53
F value	S	10.62^**	3.35	15.11^**	0.19
	M×S	0.27	0.12	0.52	0.09

播种量和取秧量对精量条播机插杂交稻高产群体构建及能效的影响

Effects of Seeding Rate and Seedling Picking Area on Establishment of High-yield Populations and Energy Efficiency in Precision Drill-Sown and Machine-transplanted Hybrid Rice

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Metrics

条播量 Drill seeding rate	取秧面积 Seedling picking area	群体光合势 Photosynthetic potential(m²·m⁻² d)		群体生长率 Population growth rate(g·m⁻² d⁻¹)		群体净同化率 Net assimilation rate(g·m⁻² d⁻¹)
条播量 Drill seeding rate	取秧面积 Seedling picking area	拔节-齐穗 JS-FHS	齐穗-成熟 FHS-MS	拔节-齐穗 JS-FHS	齐穗-成熟 FHS-MS	拔节-齐穗 JS-FHS	齐穗-成熟 FHS-MS
M₁	S₁	219.49 b	154.99 a	19.28 a	9.18 b	3.65 a	2.33 b
	S₂	223.85 ab	157.39 a	17.39 c	11.00 ab	3.22 b	2.73 ab
	S₃	228.19 a	160.60 a	18.11 b	13.55 a	3.29 b	3.30 a
平均Average		223.84 d	157.66 d	18.26 c	11.24 b	3.39 b	2.79 a
M₂	S₁	221.81 b	156.14 b	18.47 b	11.97 b	3.45 a	3.00 a
	S₂	227.95 ab	162.26 ab	19.21 ab	13.68 ab	3.48 a	3.24 a
	S₃	236.52 a	166.30 a	19.97 a	15.66 a	3.49 a	3.63 a
平均Average		228.76 c	161.56 c	19.22 bc	13.77 a	3.47 a	3.29 a
M₃	S₁	233.97 b	163.73 b	19.71 a	11.77 a	3.48 a	2.79 a
	S₂	241.58 ab	168.93 ab	20.46 a	15.54 a	3.49 a	3.54 a
	S₃	247.98 a	173.14 a	21.13 a	13.89 a	3.51 a	3.08 a
平均Average		241.18 b	168.60 b	20.43 ab	13.74 a	3.50 a	3.13 a
M₄	S₁	241.82 b	169.49 b	22.48 a	12.66 a	3.84 a	2.88 a
	S₂	251.83 a	175.53 ab	21.68 a	14.48 a	3.55 b	3.16 a
	S₃	260.01 a	182.37 a	21.24 a	11.73 a	3.37 b	2.46 a
平均Average		251.22 a	175.80 a	21.80 a	12.96 a	3.58 a	2.83 a
F值F value	M	56.76^**	29.40^**	140.94^**	5.18^*	12.10^**	4.22
	S	21.53^**	11.51^**	0.86	4.35^*	6.56^**	2.43
	M×S	0.46	0.31	3.21^*	1.39	3.45^*	1.53

条播量 Drill seeding rate	取秧量 Seedling picking area	播种至拔节期 SE to JS		拔节至齐穗期 JS to FHS		齐穗至成熟期 FHS to MS		整个生育期 Entire fertility period
条播量 Drill seeding rate	取秧量 Seedling picking area	积累量 Accumulation (kg/hm²)	比例 Ratio (%)	积累量 Accumulation (kg/hm²)	比例 Ratio (%)	积累量 Accumulation (kg/hm²)	比例 Ratio (%)	总积累量 Total accumulation (kg/hm²)
M₁	S₁	4059.72 b	26.59 b	7904.25 a	51.77 a	3304.70 b	21.64 b	15268.67 c
	S₂	4962.11 a	30.91 a	7129.49 c	44.41 b	3960.85 ab	24.67 a	16052.45 b
	S₃	5161.50 a	29.55 a	7425.08 b	42.51 b	4878.66 a	27.93 a	17465.23 a
平均Average		4727.78 b	29.02 a	7486.27 c	46.23 a	4048.07 b	24.75 a	16262.12 b
M₂	S₁	5001.17 b	29.62 a	7573.49 b	44.86 a	4308.86 b	25.52 a	16883.51 b
	S₂	5129.30 b	28.60 a	7877.03 ab	43.93 a	4925.73 ab	27.46 a	17932.05 b
	S₃	5640.45 a	28.98 a	8186.87 a	42.06 a	5636.33 a	28.95 a	19463.64 a
平均Average		5256.97 a	29.07 a	7879.13 bc	43.62 b	4956.97 a	27.32 a	18093.07 a
M₃	S₁	5177.95 a	29.59 a	8081.83 a	46.19 a	4238.91 a	24.22 a	17498.68 b
	S₂	5247.83 a	27.29 a	8387.28 a	43.62 a	5594.19 a	29.09 a	19229.31 a
	S₃	5418.45 a	28.39 a	8665.19 a	45.40 a	5000.96 a	26.20 a	19084.60 a
平均Average		5281.41 a	28.42 a	8378.10 ab	45.07 a	4944.69 a	26.51 a	18604.20 a
M₄	S₁	5182.06 c	27.34 b	9218.84 a	48.63 a	4556.26 a	24.03 a	18957.16 a
	S₂	5778.17 b	29.06 b	8887.83 a	44.71 a	5214.31 a	26.23 a	19880.31 a
	S₃	6199.56 a	32.41 a	8707.74 a	45.52 a	4221.91 a	22.07 a	19129.21 a
平均Average		5719.93 a	29.60 a	8938.14 a	46.29 a	4664.16 a	24.11 a	19322.22 a
F值	M	86.34^**	1.90	140.45^**	5.62^*	5.17^*	4.02	50.01^**
F value	S	70.00^**	2.78	0.86	11.24^**	4.35^*	2.55	13.27^**
	M×S	7.03^**	4.17^*	3.20^*	2.37	1.39	1.13	2.05

条播量 Drill seeding rate	取秧量 Seedling picking area	有效穗 Effective panicles (×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)	稻谷产量 Grain yield (kg/hm²)
M₁	S₁	231.30 ac	152.02 a	83.33 a	27.16 a	7847.12c
	S₂	252.58 ab	150.79 ab	82.66 a	26.92 a	8387.46 b
	S₃	294.37 a	148.44 b	82.45 b	26.82 a	9542.27 a
平均Average		259.42 b	150.42 b	82.81 a	26.97 a	8592.28 b
M₂	S₁	237.74 b	155.55 a	82.93 a	27.30 a	8327.49 c
	S₂	283.36 b	155.40 b	82.71 b	26.84 ab	9583.17 b
	S₃	307.46 a	154.99 b	82.68 b	27.49 a	10768.79 a
平均Average		276.19 ab	155.31 a	82.77 a	27.21 a	9559.82 a
M₃	S₁	249.47 b	154.94 b	82.32 a	27.11 a	8509.08 c
	S₂	300.44 a	158.11 a	81.76 b	26.79 b	10352.98 a
	S₃	296.93 a	154.72 b	81.44 b	26.96 a	9999.70 b
平均Average		282.28 ab	155.92 a	81.84 b	26.95 a	9620.59 a
M₄	S₁	267.10 b	152.31 b	81.79 a	27.18 a	9025.80 b
	S₂	297.02 a	155.02 a	81.17 a	27.02 a	10010.41 a
	S₃	294.51 a	150.26 b	80.89 a	26.94 a	9618.82 a
平均Average		286.21 a	152.53 b	81.28 c	27.05 a	9551.68 a
F值F value	M	37.12^**	72.38^**	6.22^*	0.44	183.81^**
	S	9.21^**	64.11^**	4.22^*	0.49	25.90^**
	M×S	4.73^*	6.55^*	3.51^*	0.36	7.57^*

条播量 Drill seeding rate	取秧量 Seedling picking area	稻草能量 Straw energy (MJ/hm²)	稻谷能量 Paddy energy (MJ/hm²)	总能量 Total energy (MJ/hm²)
M₁	S₁	87,349.20 a	133,401.04 c	220,750.24 c
	S₂	89,219.89 a	142,586.82 b	231,806.71 b
	S₃	93,187.13 a	162,218.59 a	255,405.72 a
平均Average		89,918.74 c	146,068.82 a	235,987.56 b
M₂	S₁	93,640.68 b	141,567.33 c	235,208.01 c
	S₂	92,093.74 b	162,913.89 b	255,007.63 b
	S₃	108,031.22 a	183,069.43 a	291,100.65 a
平均Average		97,921.88 bc	162,516.88 a	260,438.76 a
M₃	S₁	102,846.02 ab	144,654.36 b	247,500.38 b
	S₂	94,363.29 b	176,000.66 a	270,363.95 a
	S₃	108,554.80 a	169,994.90 a	278,549.70 a
平均Average		101,921.37 ab	163,549.97 a	265,471.34 a
M₄	S₁	109,505.38 a	153,438.6 b	262,943.98 a
	S₂	110,637.71 a	170,176.97 a	280,814.68 a
	S₃	109,711.63 a	163,519.94 ab	273,231.57 a
平均Average		109,951.57 a	162,378.50 a	272,330.07 a
F值F Value	M	39.50^**	35.23^**	37.80^**
	S	5.63^*	65.87^**	27.99^**
	M×S	1.50	7.02^**	3.13^*

条播量 Drill seeding rate	取秧量 Seedling picking area	净能量 NE(MJ/hm²)	能量利用效率 EUE(MJ/MJ)	能量生产力 EP(kg/MJ)
M₁	S₁	197,150.58 c	9.35 b	0.33 b
	S₂	207,068.91 b	9.37 b	0.34 b
	S₃	229,346.16 a	9.80 a	0.37 a
平均Average		211,188.55 b	9.51 b	0.35 a
M₂	S₁	211,531.05 c	9.93 c	0.35 b
	S₂	230,223.97 b	10.29 b	0.39 a
	S₃	264,994.69 a	11.15 a	0.41 a
平均Average		235,583.24 a	10.46 a	0.38 a
M₃	S₁	223,848.80 c	10.46 b	0.35 b
	S₂	245,086.81 b	10.70 a	0.40 a
	S₃	252,256.64 a	10.59 ab	0.38 ab
平均Average		240,397.42 a	10.58 a	0.38 a
M₄	S₁	238,946.03 c	10.96 a	0.38 a
	S₂	255,530.14 b	11.11 a	0.40 a
	S₃	246,803.90 a	10.34 b	0.36 a
平均Average		247,093.36 a	10.80 a	0.38 a
F值F value	M	57.03^**	23.66^**	7.20^*
	S	24.08^**	31.56^**	7.77^**
	M×S	25.60^**	64.92^**	3.16^*

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