中国水稻科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 399-411.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240512
沈智达1, 余秋华2, 张斌3, 曹玉东1, 王少华4, 王红飞5, 伍永清6, 戴志刚2, 李小坤1,7,*()
收稿日期:
2024-05-24
修回日期:
2024-09-26
出版日期:
2025-05-10
发布日期:
2025-05-21
通讯作者:
*email:lixiaokun@mail.hzau.edu.cn基金资助:
SHEN Zhida1, YU Qiuhua2, ZHANG Bin3, CAO Yudong1, WANG Shaohua4, WANG Hongfei5, WU Yongqing6, DAI Zhigang2, LI Xiaokun1,7,*()
Received:
2024-05-24
Revised:
2024-09-26
Online:
2025-05-10
Published:
2025-05-21
Contact:
*email:lixiaokun@mail.hzau.edu.cn
摘要:
【目的】明确磷肥用量对湖北省直播水稻产量、磷素积累、磷肥利用率及经济效益的影响,为湖北省直播水稻的科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】在湖北省水稻主产区的县(市、区)采用多点试验,设置0、45、90、135 kg/hm2 4个磷肥用量处理。对比分析了不同磷肥用量下水稻的产量、磷素含量、磷素积累量、磷肥利用率和经济效益。【结果】与不施磷(0 kg/hm2)处理相比,各试验点磷肥用量为45、90、135 kg/hm2处理分别增产0.18~1.80 t/hm2、0.30~3.24 t/hm2和0.60~2.61 t/hm2,平均增幅分别为9.15%、16.08%和18.24%,水稻地上部磷素积累量分别增加了1.57~9.18 kg/hm2、2.67~12.77 kg/hm2、4.16~15.06 kg/hm2,平均增幅分别为29.14%、44.92%、53.60%。整体而言,磷肥用量在0−90 kg /hm2范围内,水稻产量随磷肥用量的增加而增加,磷肥用量超过90 kg/hm2时水稻产量无显著差异。随着磷肥用量的增加水稻磷素积累量、产值和纯收入呈现先增加后保持不变的趋势,而磷肥偏生产力、磷肥农学利用率、磷肥回收利用率和产投比随磷肥用量的增加而下降。磷肥用量和试验地点对直播水稻产量、秸秆磷素含量、秸秆磷素积累量、磷肥偏生产力、磷肥农学利用率、磷肥回收利用率、产值、纯收入和产投比的影响均存在交互作用。【结论】适宜的磷肥用量可以显著提高直播水稻产量、地上部磷素积累量和磷肥利用率。综合考虑产量、磷素积累、肥料利用率和经济效益,湖北省直播水稻磷肥推荐用量为58~104 kg/hm2,平均为82 kg/hm2,理论最高产量可达6.97~12.18 t/hm2,平均为9.14 t/hm2能够保障水稻产量的同时能减少养分损失和环境污染。
沈智达, 余秋华, 张斌, 曹玉东, 王少华, 王红飞, 伍永清, 戴志刚, 李小坤. 磷肥施用量对湖北省直播水稻产量、磷素积累及利用率的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2025, 39(3): 399-411.
SHEN Zhida, YU Qiuhua, ZHANG Bin, CAO Yudong, WANG Shaohua, WANG Hongfei, WU Yongqing, DAI Zhigang, LI Xiaokun. Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Rate on Grain Yield, Phosphorus Accumulation and Utilization of Direct-seeded Rice in Hubei Province[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2025, 39(3): 399-411.
试验地点 Experimental site | 经纬度 Longitude and latitude | 水稻品种 Rice variety | 播种量 Seeding rate(kg/hm2) | 土壤基础理化性质 Soil physical and chemical properties | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH值 pH value | 有机质 Organic matter (g/kg) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg) | ||||
潜江 Qianjiang | 30°27′N, 112°37′E | 荃两优2118 Quanliangyou 2118 | 36.0 | 6.89 | 20.26 | 1.52 | 10.60 | 97.52 |
团风 Tuanfeng | 30°39′N, 114°52′E | 华珍115 Huazhen 115 | 60.0 | 5.70 | 28.40 | 1.33 | 15.35 | 98.21 |
大悟 Dawu | 31°58′N, 120°32′E | 隆两优3463 Longliangyou 3463 | 37.5 | 8.13 | 28.51 | 2.34 | 16.75 | 73.97 |
夷陵 Yiling | 30°38′N, 111°36′E | 荃两优丝苗 Quanliangyousimiao | 45.0 | 6.10 | 21.50 | 1.65 | 23.20 | 115.13 |
襄州 Xiangzhou | 32°04′N, 112°12′E | 粤禾丝苗 Yuehesimiao | 66.0 | 6.27 | 26.06 | 1.49 | 23.81 | 83.17 |
武穴 Wuxue | 29°51′N, 115°33′E | 黄华占 Huanghuazhan | 75.0 | 6.63 | 25.46 | 1.62 | 12.20 | 163.69 |
鄂州-1 Ezhou-1 | 30°04′N, 114°40′E | 鄂优丝苗 Eyousimiao | 75.0 | 7.60 | 19.02 | 1.11 | 22.55 | 90.07 |
鄂州-2 Ezhou-2 | 30°25′N, 114°44′E | 黄花粘 Huanghuazhan | 75.0 | 6.72 | 22.29 | 1.68 | 29.45 | 130.93 |
天门 Tianmen | 30°39′N, 113°01′E | 粤农丝苗 Yuenongsimiao | 60.0 | 7.57 | 18.54 | 1.33 | 34.20 | 183.20 |
沙洋 Shayang | 31°02′N, 112°12′E | 青香优香九 Qingxiangyouxiangjiu | 37.5 | 8.10 | 22.06 | 1.19 | 17.38 | 187.97 |
表1 各试验点水稻品种、播种量及其土壤基础理化性质
Table 1. Rice varieties, seeding rate and soil physical and chemical properties in each experimental site
试验地点 Experimental site | 经纬度 Longitude and latitude | 水稻品种 Rice variety | 播种量 Seeding rate(kg/hm2) | 土壤基础理化性质 Soil physical and chemical properties | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH值 pH value | 有机质 Organic matter (g/kg) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg) | ||||
潜江 Qianjiang | 30°27′N, 112°37′E | 荃两优2118 Quanliangyou 2118 | 36.0 | 6.89 | 20.26 | 1.52 | 10.60 | 97.52 |
团风 Tuanfeng | 30°39′N, 114°52′E | 华珍115 Huazhen 115 | 60.0 | 5.70 | 28.40 | 1.33 | 15.35 | 98.21 |
大悟 Dawu | 31°58′N, 120°32′E | 隆两优3463 Longliangyou 3463 | 37.5 | 8.13 | 28.51 | 2.34 | 16.75 | 73.97 |
夷陵 Yiling | 30°38′N, 111°36′E | 荃两优丝苗 Quanliangyousimiao | 45.0 | 6.10 | 21.50 | 1.65 | 23.20 | 115.13 |
襄州 Xiangzhou | 32°04′N, 112°12′E | 粤禾丝苗 Yuehesimiao | 66.0 | 6.27 | 26.06 | 1.49 | 23.81 | 83.17 |
武穴 Wuxue | 29°51′N, 115°33′E | 黄华占 Huanghuazhan | 75.0 | 6.63 | 25.46 | 1.62 | 12.20 | 163.69 |
鄂州-1 Ezhou-1 | 30°04′N, 114°40′E | 鄂优丝苗 Eyousimiao | 75.0 | 7.60 | 19.02 | 1.11 | 22.55 | 90.07 |
鄂州-2 Ezhou-2 | 30°25′N, 114°44′E | 黄花粘 Huanghuazhan | 75.0 | 6.72 | 22.29 | 1.68 | 29.45 | 130.93 |
天门 Tianmen | 30°39′N, 113°01′E | 粤农丝苗 Yuenongsimiao | 60.0 | 7.57 | 18.54 | 1.33 | 34.20 | 183.20 |
沙洋 Shayang | 31°02′N, 112°12′E | 青香优香九 Qingxiangyouxiangjiu | 37.5 | 8.10 | 22.06 | 1.19 | 17.38 | 187.97 |
F值 F value | 产量 Yield | 籽粒磷素含量 Seed phosphorus content | 秸秆磷素含量 Straw phosphorus content | 籽粒磷素积累量 Seed phosphorus accumulation | 秸秆磷素积累量 Straw phosphorus accumulation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
地点Site(S) | 920.27** | 29.81** | 111.56** | 65.41** | 86.68** |
磷肥用量Phosphorus fertilizer level(P) | 357.97** | 28.50** | 20.98** | 72.33** | 83.04** |
S×P | 10.69** | 0.83ns | 3.09** | 1.15ns | 3.62** |
F值 F value | 磷肥偏生产力 Partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer | 磷肥农学利用率Agronomic utilization of phosphate fertilizer | 磷肥回收利用率Recovery rate of phosphate fertilizer | 磷肥生理利用率 Phosphorus fertilizer physiological utilization | 磷素收获指数Phosphorus harvest index |
地点Site(S) | 590.17** | 51.10** | 15.81** | 8.89** | 14.58** |
磷肥用量Phosphorus fertilizer level(P) | 18827.46** | 23.48** | 45.21** | 0.86ns | 1.89ns |
S×P | 67.82** | 4.09** | 2.72* | 1.37ns | 1.50ns |
F值 F value | 产值 Output | 施磷肥增加产值 Increased production value | 纯收入 Net income | 产投比 Fertilizer output−input ratio | |
地点Site(S) | 920.27** | 49.49** | 920.27** | 886.52** | |
磷肥用量Phosphorus fertilizer level(P) | 357.97** | 73.31** | 210.90** | 702.06** | |
S×P | 10.69** | 3.45** | 10.69** | 19.04** |
表2 磷肥用量对直播水稻各指标影响的方差分析
Table 2 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of effects of phosphorus fertilizer dosage on indicators of direct seeded rice
F值 F value | 产量 Yield | 籽粒磷素含量 Seed phosphorus content | 秸秆磷素含量 Straw phosphorus content | 籽粒磷素积累量 Seed phosphorus accumulation | 秸秆磷素积累量 Straw phosphorus accumulation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
地点Site(S) | 920.27** | 29.81** | 111.56** | 65.41** | 86.68** |
磷肥用量Phosphorus fertilizer level(P) | 357.97** | 28.50** | 20.98** | 72.33** | 83.04** |
S×P | 10.69** | 0.83ns | 3.09** | 1.15ns | 3.62** |
F值 F value | 磷肥偏生产力 Partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer | 磷肥农学利用率Agronomic utilization of phosphate fertilizer | 磷肥回收利用率Recovery rate of phosphate fertilizer | 磷肥生理利用率 Phosphorus fertilizer physiological utilization | 磷素收获指数Phosphorus harvest index |
地点Site(S) | 590.17** | 51.10** | 15.81** | 8.89** | 14.58** |
磷肥用量Phosphorus fertilizer level(P) | 18827.46** | 23.48** | 45.21** | 0.86ns | 1.89ns |
S×P | 67.82** | 4.09** | 2.72* | 1.37ns | 1.50ns |
F值 F value | 产值 Output | 施磷肥增加产值 Increased production value | 纯收入 Net income | 产投比 Fertilizer output−input ratio | |
地点Site(S) | 920.27** | 49.49** | 920.27** | 886.52** | |
磷肥用量Phosphorus fertilizer level(P) | 357.97** | 73.31** | 210.90** | 702.06** | |
S×P | 10.69** | 3.45** | 10.69** | 19.04** |
试验地点 Experimental site | 磷肥用量 Phosphorus fertilizer application rate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 kg/hm2 | 45 kg/hm2 | 90 kg/hm2 | 135 kg/hm2 | |
潜江 Qianjiang | 5.92±0.37 c | 7.31±0.37 b | 8.57±0.45 a | 8.37±0.27 a |
团风 Tuanfeng | 9.88±0.08 c | 10.30±0.02 b | 10.69±0.08 a | 10.81±0.08 a |
大悟 Dawu | 5.53±0.21 c | 6.18±0.23 b | 6.87±0.21 a | 7.08±0.07 a |
夷陵 Yiling | 8.47±0.19 c | 9.76±0.23 b | 10.25±0.16 a | 10.03±0.24 ab |
襄州 Xiangzhou | 9.07±0.12 d | 9.33±0.10 c | 9.64±0.01 b | 10.17±0.11 a |
武穴 Wuxue | 8.21±0.33 d | 8.88±0.15 c | 9.45±0.06 b | 10.23±0.30 a |
鄂州-1 Ezhou-1 | 6.45±0.04 c | 7.08±0.07 b | 7.34±0.04 a | 7.28±0.09 a |
鄂州-2 Ezhou-2 | 7.89±0.05 c | 8.39±0.06 b | 8.55±0.03 ab | 8.77±0.06 a |
天门 Tianmen | 10.43±0.08 c | 11.21±0.06 b | 11.97±0.24 a | 12.18±0.13 a |
沙洋 Shayang | 8.92±0.03 c | 9.11±0.04 bc | 9.23±0.03 ab | 9.57±0.03 a |
平均值 Average | 8.08±1.60 b | 8.75±1.49 ab | 9.26±1.48 a | 9.45±1.54 a |
表3 磷肥用量对直播水稻产量的影响
Table 3. Effect of phosphorus application rates on yield of direct-seeded rice t/hm2
试验地点 Experimental site | 磷肥用量 Phosphorus fertilizer application rate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 kg/hm2 | 45 kg/hm2 | 90 kg/hm2 | 135 kg/hm2 | |
潜江 Qianjiang | 5.92±0.37 c | 7.31±0.37 b | 8.57±0.45 a | 8.37±0.27 a |
团风 Tuanfeng | 9.88±0.08 c | 10.30±0.02 b | 10.69±0.08 a | 10.81±0.08 a |
大悟 Dawu | 5.53±0.21 c | 6.18±0.23 b | 6.87±0.21 a | 7.08±0.07 a |
夷陵 Yiling | 8.47±0.19 c | 9.76±0.23 b | 10.25±0.16 a | 10.03±0.24 ab |
襄州 Xiangzhou | 9.07±0.12 d | 9.33±0.10 c | 9.64±0.01 b | 10.17±0.11 a |
武穴 Wuxue | 8.21±0.33 d | 8.88±0.15 c | 9.45±0.06 b | 10.23±0.30 a |
鄂州-1 Ezhou-1 | 6.45±0.04 c | 7.08±0.07 b | 7.34±0.04 a | 7.28±0.09 a |
鄂州-2 Ezhou-2 | 7.89±0.05 c | 8.39±0.06 b | 8.55±0.03 ab | 8.77±0.06 a |
天门 Tianmen | 10.43±0.08 c | 11.21±0.06 b | 11.97±0.24 a | 12.18±0.13 a |
沙洋 Shayang | 8.92±0.03 c | 9.11±0.04 bc | 9.23±0.03 ab | 9.57±0.03 a |
平均值 Average | 8.08±1.60 b | 8.75±1.49 ab | 9.26±1.48 a | 9.45±1.54 a |
部位 Position | 施磷量 Phosphorus application rates(kg/hm2) | 平均值 Mean | 标准偏差 Standard deviation | 最小值 Minimum | 1/4位点 First quartile | 中位数 Median | 3/4位点 Third quartile | 最大值 Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
籽粒 Seed | 0 | 0.18 b | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.25 |
45 | 0.21 a | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.27 | |
90 | 0.22 a | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.26 | 0.28 | |
135 | 0.23 a | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.29 | |
秸秆 Straw | 0 | 0.11 a | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.24 |
45 | 0.12 a | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.24 | |
90 | 0.13 a | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.25 | |
135 | 0.13 a | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.28 |
表4 磷肥用量对直播水稻磷素含量的描述性特性统计
Table 4. Descriptive statistics of phosphorus nutrient content (%) in direct-seeded rice under phosphorus application rates
部位 Position | 施磷量 Phosphorus application rates(kg/hm2) | 平均值 Mean | 标准偏差 Standard deviation | 最小值 Minimum | 1/4位点 First quartile | 中位数 Median | 3/4位点 Third quartile | 最大值 Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
籽粒 Seed | 0 | 0.18 b | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.25 |
45 | 0.21 a | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.27 | |
90 | 0.22 a | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.26 | 0.28 | |
135 | 0.23 a | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.29 | |
秸秆 Straw | 0 | 0.11 a | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.24 |
45 | 0.12 a | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.24 | |
90 | 0.13 a | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.25 | |
135 | 0.13 a | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.28 |
图2 磷肥用量对直播水稻磷素积累量的影响 不同小写字母表示同一地区4个处理之间植株磷素积累量存在显著差异;S表示地点,P表示磷肥用量。
Fig. 2. Effects of phosphorus application rates on phosphorus accumulation in direct-seeded rice Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in phosphorus accumulation among the four treatments at an experimental site; S refers site and P refers phosphate fertilizer level.
试验地点 Experimental site | 施磷量 Phosphorus application(kg/hm2) | 磷肥偏生产力 Partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer(kg/kg) | 磷肥农学利用率 Agronomic utilization of phosphate fertilizer(kg/kg) | 磷肥回收利用率 Recovery rate of phosphate fertilizer(%) | 磷肥生理利用率 Phosphorus fertilizer physiological utilization(kg/kg) | 磷素收获指数 Phosphorus harvest index(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
潜江 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.50±0.02 a |
Qianjiang | 45 | 162.44±8.28 a | 30.98±9.35 a | 36.31±5.49 a | 70.59±13.74 a | 0.61±0.01 a |
90 | 95.26±5.04 b | 29.52±6.42 a | 25.61±4.24 b | 137.87±86.06 a | 0.73±0.24 a | |
135 | 61.97±1.97 c | 18.14±0.92 a | 21.72±1.05 b | 101.64±60.04 a | 0.60±0.09 a | |
团风 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.62±0.04 a |
Tuanfeng | 45 | 228.85±0.36 a | 9.30±1.80 a | 33.46±3.06 a | 28.09±7.24 a | 0.64±0.00 a |
90 | 118.81±0.86 b | 9.04±1.51 a | 26.56±2.20 b | 33.96±3.85 a | 0.66±0.03 a | |
135 | 80.04±0.62 c | 6.85±1.11 a | 18.75±1.94 c | 36.41±2.20 a | 0.62±0.03 a | |
大悟 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.48±0.01 b |
Dawu | 45 | 137.41±5.01 a | 14.44±1.11 a | 28.29±5.84 a | 52.15±8.04 a | 0.53±0.01 a |
90 | 76.30±2.31 b | 14.81±3.21 a | 24.49±6.70 a | 61.28±5.98 a | 0.53±0.02 a | |
135 | 52.43±0.50 c | 11.44±1.43 a | 21.89±3.47 a | 53.20±10.59 a | 0.49±0.03 b | |
夷陵 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.65±0.01 a |
Yiling | 45 | 216.88±5.05 a | 28.75±0.76 a | 31.43±5.84 a | 84.14±11.66 a | 0.65±0.03 a |
90 | 113.91±1.77 b | 19.84±0.65 b | 23.15±1.17 b | 78.17±4.36 a | 0.66±0.02 a | |
135 | 74.27±1.80 c | 11.57±3.22 c | 21.21±1.52 b | 50.78±10.09 b | 0.63±0.01 a | |
襄州 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.67±0.04 c |
Xiangzhou | 45 | 207.28±2.26 a | 5.65±1.04 b | 31.39±7.30 a | 18.75±6.06 b | 0.68±0.02 ab |
90 | 107.15±0.06 b | 6.33±1.37 ab | 25.69±6.59 ab | 25.31±6.00 b | 0.61±0.02 b | |
135 | 75.33±0.78 c | 8.12±0.95 a | 14.03±5.68 b | 65.17±27.83 a | 0.73±0.01 a | |
武穴 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.52±0.02 a |
Wuxue | 45 | 197.33±3.33 a | 14.92±4.06 a | 18.96±2.48 a | 79.54±14.89 a | 0.49±0.01 a |
90 | 104.95±0.68 b | 13.75±3.97 a | 19.00±3.87 a | 76.05±10.71 a | 0.49±0.11 a | |
135 | 75.75±2.22 c | 14.94±4.46 a | 19.44±2.98 a | 77.09±12.26 a | 0.54±0.02 a | |
鄂州-1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.61±0.05 a |
Ezhou-1 | 45 | 157.30±1.47 a | 13.89±2.01 a | 15.86±1.07 a | 79.39±7.29 a | 0.61±0.05 a |
90 | 81.52±0.42 b | 9.82±0.90 b | 16.06±0.83 a | 57.28±7.08 b | 0.61±0.02 a | |
135 | 53.92±0.67 c | 6.11±0.81 b | 8.74±1.59 b | 66.07±10.17 ab | 0.61±0.03 a | |
鄂州-2 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.50±0.04 a |
Ezhou-2 | 45 | 186.51±1.25 a | 11.21±1.16 a | 39.57±2.37 a | 28.43±3.62 a | 0.53±0.04 a |
90 | 95.05±0.28 b | 7.40±0.33 ab | 20.76±3.50 b | 36.35±6.41 a | 0.55±0.06 a | |
135 | 64.99±0.45 c | 6.56±0.10 b | 19.27±5.69 b | 36.46±9.43 a | 0.51±0.04 a | |
天门 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.56±0.02 a |
Tianmen | 45 | 249.07±1.40 a | 17.22±0.56 a | 36.21±9.27 a | 49.73±9.81 a | 0.56±0.05 a |
90 | 133.01±2.62 b | 17.09±3.27 a | 29.89±2.81 ab | 57.93±10.6 a | 0.56±0.03 a | |
135 | 90.19±0.95 c | 12.91±0.88 b | 21.05±1.81 b | 61.79±8.69 a | 0.58±0.04 a | |
沙洋 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.56±0.03 a |
Shayang | 45 | 202.55±0.91 a | 4.40±0.31 a | 10.61±2.48 a | 39.28±9.96 a | 0.59±0.02 a |
90 | 102.59±0.32 b | 3.52±0.32 a | 9.37±2.81 a | 36.75±9.77 a | 0.59±0.03 a | |
135 | 70.86±0.21 c | 4.81±0.37 a | 9.77±1.41 a | 44.90±8.19 a | 0.58±0.05 a |
表5 磷肥用量对直播水稻磷肥利用率的影响
Table 5. Effect of phosphorus application rates on phosphorus use efficiency in direct-seeded rice
试验地点 Experimental site | 施磷量 Phosphorus application(kg/hm2) | 磷肥偏生产力 Partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer(kg/kg) | 磷肥农学利用率 Agronomic utilization of phosphate fertilizer(kg/kg) | 磷肥回收利用率 Recovery rate of phosphate fertilizer(%) | 磷肥生理利用率 Phosphorus fertilizer physiological utilization(kg/kg) | 磷素收获指数 Phosphorus harvest index(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
潜江 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.50±0.02 a |
Qianjiang | 45 | 162.44±8.28 a | 30.98±9.35 a | 36.31±5.49 a | 70.59±13.74 a | 0.61±0.01 a |
90 | 95.26±5.04 b | 29.52±6.42 a | 25.61±4.24 b | 137.87±86.06 a | 0.73±0.24 a | |
135 | 61.97±1.97 c | 18.14±0.92 a | 21.72±1.05 b | 101.64±60.04 a | 0.60±0.09 a | |
团风 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.62±0.04 a |
Tuanfeng | 45 | 228.85±0.36 a | 9.30±1.80 a | 33.46±3.06 a | 28.09±7.24 a | 0.64±0.00 a |
90 | 118.81±0.86 b | 9.04±1.51 a | 26.56±2.20 b | 33.96±3.85 a | 0.66±0.03 a | |
135 | 80.04±0.62 c | 6.85±1.11 a | 18.75±1.94 c | 36.41±2.20 a | 0.62±0.03 a | |
大悟 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.48±0.01 b |
Dawu | 45 | 137.41±5.01 a | 14.44±1.11 a | 28.29±5.84 a | 52.15±8.04 a | 0.53±0.01 a |
90 | 76.30±2.31 b | 14.81±3.21 a | 24.49±6.70 a | 61.28±5.98 a | 0.53±0.02 a | |
135 | 52.43±0.50 c | 11.44±1.43 a | 21.89±3.47 a | 53.20±10.59 a | 0.49±0.03 b | |
夷陵 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.65±0.01 a |
Yiling | 45 | 216.88±5.05 a | 28.75±0.76 a | 31.43±5.84 a | 84.14±11.66 a | 0.65±0.03 a |
90 | 113.91±1.77 b | 19.84±0.65 b | 23.15±1.17 b | 78.17±4.36 a | 0.66±0.02 a | |
135 | 74.27±1.80 c | 11.57±3.22 c | 21.21±1.52 b | 50.78±10.09 b | 0.63±0.01 a | |
襄州 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.67±0.04 c |
Xiangzhou | 45 | 207.28±2.26 a | 5.65±1.04 b | 31.39±7.30 a | 18.75±6.06 b | 0.68±0.02 ab |
90 | 107.15±0.06 b | 6.33±1.37 ab | 25.69±6.59 ab | 25.31±6.00 b | 0.61±0.02 b | |
135 | 75.33±0.78 c | 8.12±0.95 a | 14.03±5.68 b | 65.17±27.83 a | 0.73±0.01 a | |
武穴 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.52±0.02 a |
Wuxue | 45 | 197.33±3.33 a | 14.92±4.06 a | 18.96±2.48 a | 79.54±14.89 a | 0.49±0.01 a |
90 | 104.95±0.68 b | 13.75±3.97 a | 19.00±3.87 a | 76.05±10.71 a | 0.49±0.11 a | |
135 | 75.75±2.22 c | 14.94±4.46 a | 19.44±2.98 a | 77.09±12.26 a | 0.54±0.02 a | |
鄂州-1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.61±0.05 a |
Ezhou-1 | 45 | 157.30±1.47 a | 13.89±2.01 a | 15.86±1.07 a | 79.39±7.29 a | 0.61±0.05 a |
90 | 81.52±0.42 b | 9.82±0.90 b | 16.06±0.83 a | 57.28±7.08 b | 0.61±0.02 a | |
135 | 53.92±0.67 c | 6.11±0.81 b | 8.74±1.59 b | 66.07±10.17 ab | 0.61±0.03 a | |
鄂州-2 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.50±0.04 a |
Ezhou-2 | 45 | 186.51±1.25 a | 11.21±1.16 a | 39.57±2.37 a | 28.43±3.62 a | 0.53±0.04 a |
90 | 95.05±0.28 b | 7.40±0.33 ab | 20.76±3.50 b | 36.35±6.41 a | 0.55±0.06 a | |
135 | 64.99±0.45 c | 6.56±0.10 b | 19.27±5.69 b | 36.46±9.43 a | 0.51±0.04 a | |
天门 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.56±0.02 a |
Tianmen | 45 | 249.07±1.40 a | 17.22±0.56 a | 36.21±9.27 a | 49.73±9.81 a | 0.56±0.05 a |
90 | 133.01±2.62 b | 17.09±3.27 a | 29.89±2.81 ab | 57.93±10.6 a | 0.56±0.03 a | |
135 | 90.19±0.95 c | 12.91±0.88 b | 21.05±1.81 b | 61.79±8.69 a | 0.58±0.04 a | |
沙洋 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0.56±0.03 a |
Shayang | 45 | 202.55±0.91 a | 4.40±0.31 a | 10.61±2.48 a | 39.28±9.96 a | 0.59±0.02 a |
90 | 102.59±0.32 b | 3.52±0.32 a | 9.37±2.81 a | 36.75±9.77 a | 0.59±0.03 a | |
135 | 70.86±0.21 c | 4.81±0.37 a | 9.77±1.41 a | 44.90±8.19 a | 0.58±0.05 a |
试验地点 Experimental site | 施磷量 Phosphorus application (kg/hm2) | 产值 Output (×103 Yuan/hm2) | 施磷肥增加产值 Increased production value (×103 Yuan/hm2) | 施肥成本 Fertilization cost (×103 Yuan/hm2) | 纯收入 Net income (×103 Yuan/hm2) | 产投比 Fertilizer output−input ratio(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
潜江 | 0 | 16.57±1.03 c | 0 | 1.31 | 14.56±1.03 c | 8.24±0.51 a |
Qianjiang | 45 | 20.47±1.04 b | 3.90±1.18 b | 1.63 | 18.14±1.04 b | 8.78±0.45 a |
90 | 24.01±1.27 a | 7.44±1.62 a | 1.95 | 21.36±1.27 a | 9.06±0.48 a | |
135 | 23.42±0.74 a | 6.86±0.35 a | 2.27 | 20.45±0.74 a | 7.89±0.25 b | |
团风 | 0 | 27.66±0.22 c | 0 | 1.31 | 25.65±0.22 c | 13.76±0.11 a |
Tuanfeng | 45 | 28.84±0.05 b | 1.17±0.23 b | 1.63 | 26.51±0.05 b | 12.38±0.02 b |
90 | 29.94±0.22 a | 2.28±0.38 a | 1.95 | 27.29±0.22 a | 11.30±0.08 c | |
135 | 30.25±0.23 a | 2.59±0.42 a | 2.27 | 27.28±0.23 a | 10.19±0.08 d | |
大悟 | 0 | 15.49±0.58 c | 0 | 1.31 | 13.48±0.58 c | 7.71±0.29 a |
Dawu | 45 | 17.31±0.63 b | 1.82±0.14 b | 1.63 | 14.98±0.63 b | 7.43±0.27 b |
90 | 19.23±0.58 a | 3.73±0.81 a | 1.95 | 16.58±0.58 a | 7.26±0.22 c | |
135 | 19.82±0.19 a | 4.33±0.54 a | 2.27 | 16.85±0.19 a | 6.67±0.06 d | |
夷陵 | 0 | 23.70±0.54 c | 0 | 1.31 | 21.69±0.54 b | 11.79±0.27 a |
Yiling | 45 | 27.33±0.64 b | 3.62±0.10 a | 1.63 | 25.00±0.64 a | 11.73±0.27 b |
90 | 28.70±0.44 a | 5.00±0.16 a | 1.95 | 26.05±0.44 a | 10.83±0.17 c | |
135 | 28.08±0.68 ab | 4.37±1.22 a | 2.27 | 25.11±0.68 a | 9.45±0.23 d | |
襄州 | 0 | 25.41±0.34 d | 0 | 1.31 | 23.40±0.34 d | 12.64±0.17 a |
Xiangzhou | 45 | 26.12±0.28 c | 0.71±0.13 c | 1.63 | 23.79±0.28 c | 11.21±0.12 b |
90 | 27.00±0.02 b | 1.60±0.35 b | 1.95 | 24.35±0.02 b | 10.19±0.01 c | |
135 | 28.47±0.30 a | 3.07±0.06 a | 2.27 | 25.50±0.30 a | 9.59±0.10 d | |
武穴 | 0 | 22.98±0.92 d | 0 | 1.31 | 20.97±0.92 d | 11.43±0.46 a |
Wuxue | 45 | 24.86±0.42 c | 1.88±0.51 b | 1.63 | 22.53±0.42 c | 10.67±0.18 b |
90 | 26.45±0.17 b | 3.46±1.00 ab | 1.95 | 23.80±0.17 b | 9.98±0.06 c | |
135 | 28.63±0.84 a | 5.65±1.68 a | 2.27 | 25.66±0.84 a | 9.64±0.28 d | |
鄂州-1 | 0 | 18.07±0.12 c | 0 | 1.31 | 16.06±0.12 b | 8.99±0.06 a |
Ezhou-1 | 45 | 19.82±0.19 b | 1.75±0.25 b | 1.63 | 17.49±0.19 a | 8.51±0.08 b |
90 | 20.54±0.11 a | 2.47±0.23 a | 1.95 | 17.89±0.11 a | 7.75±0.04 c | |
135 | 20.38±0.25 a | 2.31±0.31 a | 2.27 | 17.41±0.25 a | 6.86±0.08 d | |
鄂州-2 | 0 | 22.09±0.15 d | 0 | 1.31 | 20.08±0.15 d | 10.99±0.07 a |
Ezhou-2 | 45 | 23.50±0.16 c | 1.41±0.15 b | 1.63 | 21.17±0.16 c | 10.09±0.07 b |
90 | 23.95±0.07 b | 1.87±0.08 a | 1.95 | 21.30±0.07 b | 9.04±0.03 c | |
135 | 24.57±0.17 a | 2.48±0.04 a | 2.27 | 21.60±0.17 a | 8.27±0.06 d | |
天门 | 0 | 29.21±0.21 c | 0 | 1.31 | 27.20±0.21 c | 14.53±0.11 a |
Tianmen | 45 | 31.38±0.18 b | 2.17±0.07 b | 1.63 | 29.05±0.18 b | 13.47±0.08 b |
90 | 33.52±0.66 a | 4.31±0.82 a | 1.95 | 30.87±0.66 a | 12.65±0.25 c | |
135 | 34.09±0.36 a | 4.88±0.33 a | 2.27 | 31.12±0.36 a | 11.48±0.12 d | |
沙洋 | 0 | 24.97±0.08 d | 0 | 1.31 | 22.96±0.08 c | 12.42±0.04 a |
Shayang | 45 | 25.52±0.11 c | 0.55±0.04 c | 1.63 | 23.19±0.11 b | 10.95±0.05 b |
90 | 25.85±0.08 b | 0.89±0.08 b | 1.95 | 23.20±0.08 b | 9.76±0.03 c | |
135 | 26.79±0.08 a | 1.82±0.14 a | 2.27 | 23.82±0.08 a | 9.02±0.03 d |
表6 磷肥用量对直播水稻经济效益的影响
Table 6. Effect of phosphorus application rates on economic benefit of direct-seeded rice
试验地点 Experimental site | 施磷量 Phosphorus application (kg/hm2) | 产值 Output (×103 Yuan/hm2) | 施磷肥增加产值 Increased production value (×103 Yuan/hm2) | 施肥成本 Fertilization cost (×103 Yuan/hm2) | 纯收入 Net income (×103 Yuan/hm2) | 产投比 Fertilizer output−input ratio(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
潜江 | 0 | 16.57±1.03 c | 0 | 1.31 | 14.56±1.03 c | 8.24±0.51 a |
Qianjiang | 45 | 20.47±1.04 b | 3.90±1.18 b | 1.63 | 18.14±1.04 b | 8.78±0.45 a |
90 | 24.01±1.27 a | 7.44±1.62 a | 1.95 | 21.36±1.27 a | 9.06±0.48 a | |
135 | 23.42±0.74 a | 6.86±0.35 a | 2.27 | 20.45±0.74 a | 7.89±0.25 b | |
团风 | 0 | 27.66±0.22 c | 0 | 1.31 | 25.65±0.22 c | 13.76±0.11 a |
Tuanfeng | 45 | 28.84±0.05 b | 1.17±0.23 b | 1.63 | 26.51±0.05 b | 12.38±0.02 b |
90 | 29.94±0.22 a | 2.28±0.38 a | 1.95 | 27.29±0.22 a | 11.30±0.08 c | |
135 | 30.25±0.23 a | 2.59±0.42 a | 2.27 | 27.28±0.23 a | 10.19±0.08 d | |
大悟 | 0 | 15.49±0.58 c | 0 | 1.31 | 13.48±0.58 c | 7.71±0.29 a |
Dawu | 45 | 17.31±0.63 b | 1.82±0.14 b | 1.63 | 14.98±0.63 b | 7.43±0.27 b |
90 | 19.23±0.58 a | 3.73±0.81 a | 1.95 | 16.58±0.58 a | 7.26±0.22 c | |
135 | 19.82±0.19 a | 4.33±0.54 a | 2.27 | 16.85±0.19 a | 6.67±0.06 d | |
夷陵 | 0 | 23.70±0.54 c | 0 | 1.31 | 21.69±0.54 b | 11.79±0.27 a |
Yiling | 45 | 27.33±0.64 b | 3.62±0.10 a | 1.63 | 25.00±0.64 a | 11.73±0.27 b |
90 | 28.70±0.44 a | 5.00±0.16 a | 1.95 | 26.05±0.44 a | 10.83±0.17 c | |
135 | 28.08±0.68 ab | 4.37±1.22 a | 2.27 | 25.11±0.68 a | 9.45±0.23 d | |
襄州 | 0 | 25.41±0.34 d | 0 | 1.31 | 23.40±0.34 d | 12.64±0.17 a |
Xiangzhou | 45 | 26.12±0.28 c | 0.71±0.13 c | 1.63 | 23.79±0.28 c | 11.21±0.12 b |
90 | 27.00±0.02 b | 1.60±0.35 b | 1.95 | 24.35±0.02 b | 10.19±0.01 c | |
135 | 28.47±0.30 a | 3.07±0.06 a | 2.27 | 25.50±0.30 a | 9.59±0.10 d | |
武穴 | 0 | 22.98±0.92 d | 0 | 1.31 | 20.97±0.92 d | 11.43±0.46 a |
Wuxue | 45 | 24.86±0.42 c | 1.88±0.51 b | 1.63 | 22.53±0.42 c | 10.67±0.18 b |
90 | 26.45±0.17 b | 3.46±1.00 ab | 1.95 | 23.80±0.17 b | 9.98±0.06 c | |
135 | 28.63±0.84 a | 5.65±1.68 a | 2.27 | 25.66±0.84 a | 9.64±0.28 d | |
鄂州-1 | 0 | 18.07±0.12 c | 0 | 1.31 | 16.06±0.12 b | 8.99±0.06 a |
Ezhou-1 | 45 | 19.82±0.19 b | 1.75±0.25 b | 1.63 | 17.49±0.19 a | 8.51±0.08 b |
90 | 20.54±0.11 a | 2.47±0.23 a | 1.95 | 17.89±0.11 a | 7.75±0.04 c | |
135 | 20.38±0.25 a | 2.31±0.31 a | 2.27 | 17.41±0.25 a | 6.86±0.08 d | |
鄂州-2 | 0 | 22.09±0.15 d | 0 | 1.31 | 20.08±0.15 d | 10.99±0.07 a |
Ezhou-2 | 45 | 23.50±0.16 c | 1.41±0.15 b | 1.63 | 21.17±0.16 c | 10.09±0.07 b |
90 | 23.95±0.07 b | 1.87±0.08 a | 1.95 | 21.30±0.07 b | 9.04±0.03 c | |
135 | 24.57±0.17 a | 2.48±0.04 a | 2.27 | 21.60±0.17 a | 8.27±0.06 d | |
天门 | 0 | 29.21±0.21 c | 0 | 1.31 | 27.20±0.21 c | 14.53±0.11 a |
Tianmen | 45 | 31.38±0.18 b | 2.17±0.07 b | 1.63 | 29.05±0.18 b | 13.47±0.08 b |
90 | 33.52±0.66 a | 4.31±0.82 a | 1.95 | 30.87±0.66 a | 12.65±0.25 c | |
135 | 34.09±0.36 a | 4.88±0.33 a | 2.27 | 31.12±0.36 a | 11.48±0.12 d | |
沙洋 | 0 | 24.97±0.08 d | 0 | 1.31 | 22.96±0.08 c | 12.42±0.04 a |
Shayang | 45 | 25.52±0.11 c | 0.55±0.04 c | 1.63 | 23.19±0.11 b | 10.95±0.05 b |
90 | 25.85±0.08 b | 0.89±0.08 b | 1.95 | 23.20±0.08 b | 9.76±0.03 c | |
135 | 26.79±0.08 a | 1.82±0.14 a | 2.27 | 23.82±0.08 a | 9.02±0.03 d |
试验地点 Experimental site | 肥料效应方程 Fertilizer effect equation | 相关系数 Coefficient | 磷肥推荐用量 Recommended amount of phosphate fertilizer(kg/hm2) | 理论产量 Theoretical yield(t/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
潜江 Qianjiang | y=0.031x+5.916(x≤82) y=8.366(x>82) | 0.919** | 82 | 8.37 |
团风 Tuanfeng | y=0.009x+9.88(x≤101) y=10.749(x>101) | 0.976** | 97 | 10.75 |
大悟 Dawu | y=0.014x +5.533(x≤104) y =6.972(x>104) | 0.939** | 104 | 6.98 |
夷陵 Yiling | y =0.029x +8.466(x≤58) y =10.027(x>58) | 0.930** | 58 | 10.03 |
襄州 Xiangzhou | y =0.00752x +8.967 | 0.930* | - | - |
武穴 Wuxue | y =0.01377x +8.219 | 0.989** | - | - |
鄂州-1 Ezhou-1 | y =0.014x +6.453(x≤62) y =7.279(x>62) | 0.975** | 62 | 7.28 |
鄂州-2 Ezhou-2 | y =0.011x +7.888(x≤70) y =8.664(x>70) | 0.774** | 70 | 8.66 |
天门 Tianmen | y =0.016x +10.433(x≤103) y =12.176(x>103) | 0.969** | 103 | 12.18 |
沙洋 Shayang | y =0.00461x +8.895 | 0.959** | - | - |
表7 水稻磷肥效应方程及相应的施磷量
Table 7. Rice phosphorus fertilizer effect equation and corresponding phosphorus application level
试验地点 Experimental site | 肥料效应方程 Fertilizer effect equation | 相关系数 Coefficient | 磷肥推荐用量 Recommended amount of phosphate fertilizer(kg/hm2) | 理论产量 Theoretical yield(t/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
潜江 Qianjiang | y=0.031x+5.916(x≤82) y=8.366(x>82) | 0.919** | 82 | 8.37 |
团风 Tuanfeng | y=0.009x+9.88(x≤101) y=10.749(x>101) | 0.976** | 97 | 10.75 |
大悟 Dawu | y=0.014x +5.533(x≤104) y =6.972(x>104) | 0.939** | 104 | 6.98 |
夷陵 Yiling | y =0.029x +8.466(x≤58) y =10.027(x>58) | 0.930** | 58 | 10.03 |
襄州 Xiangzhou | y =0.00752x +8.967 | 0.930* | - | - |
武穴 Wuxue | y =0.01377x +8.219 | 0.989** | - | - |
鄂州-1 Ezhou-1 | y =0.014x +6.453(x≤62) y =7.279(x>62) | 0.975** | 62 | 7.28 |
鄂州-2 Ezhou-2 | y =0.011x +7.888(x≤70) y =8.664(x>70) | 0.774** | 70 | 8.66 |
天门 Tianmen | y =0.016x +10.433(x≤103) y =12.176(x>103) | 0.969** | 103 | 12.18 |
沙洋 Shayang | y =0.00461x +8.895 | 0.959** | - | - |
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