增氧处理对稻田土壤微生物量碳、氮和酶活性的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211107

中国水稻科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 410-418.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211107

增氧处理对稻田土壤微生物量碳、氮和酶活性的影响

张露¹, 吴龙龙¹, 黄晶¹, 田仓¹^,², 祈军³, 张均华¹, 曹小闯¹, 朱春权¹, 孔亚丽¹, 金千瑜¹, 朱练峰¹^,^*()

¹中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室，杭州 311401
²长江大学农学院湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程，湖北荆州 434025
³新疆生产建设兵团第四师农业科学研究所，新疆 831304

收稿日期:2021-11-11 修回日期:2022-02-14 出版日期:2022-07-10 发布日期:2022-07-12
通讯作者: 朱练峰
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31771733);浙江省水稻新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02063-3)

Effect of Aeration Treatment on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen and Enzyme Activities in Paddy Field

ZHANG Lu¹, WU Longlong¹, HUANG Jing¹, TIAN Cang¹^,², QI Jun³, ZHANG Junhua¹, CAO Xiaochuang¹, ZHU Chunquan¹, KONG Yali¹, JIN Qianyu¹, ZHU Lianfeng¹^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China
²Engineering Center of Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
³Agricultural Science Research Institute, Fourth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Xinjiang 831304, China

Received:2021-11-11 Revised:2022-02-14 Online:2022-07-10 Published:2022-07-12
Contact: ZHU Lianfeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨增氧方式对稻田土壤微生物量碳、氮和土壤酶活性的影响。【方法】以中旱221(旱稻)、中浙优8号(水稻)和IR45765-3B(深水稻)为材料，研究微纳米气泡水增氧灌溉、干湿交替灌溉、淹水灌溉对稻田土壤微生物量碳、氮，土壤氮代谢作用强度和土壤氮素转化相关酶活性的影响。【结果】微纳米气泡水增氧灌溉和干湿交替灌溉可以显著提高稻田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮，中旱221、中浙优8号和IR45765-3B的增氧处理较淹水灌溉处理微生物生物量碳、氮分别增加了30.0%~46.1%和7.1%~92.1%，并且增氧处理降低了3个水稻品种的微生物量碳氮比;与淹水灌溉相比，微纳米气泡水增氧灌溉和干湿交替灌溉有助于提高稻田土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶、羟胺还原酶活性，降低硝酸还原酶活性和亚硝酸还原酶活性。【结论】微纳米气泡水增氧灌溉和干湿交替灌溉改善稻田土壤的氧化特性，提高土壤酶活性、微生物量碳、氮和硝化强度，有助于改善土壤环境和肥力状况，协调了C、N代谢的平衡。

关键词: 土壤, 增氧灌溉, 微生物生物量, 氮循环强度, 氮素转化相关酶

Abstract:

【Objective】 It is of great importance to elucidate the effects of different aeration methods on soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and soil enzyme activities in paddy fields, 【Method】 Using Zhonghan 221 (upland rice), Zhongzheyou 8 (rice) and IR45765-3B (deepwater rice) as materials, the effects of the micro-nano bubble water aeration irrigation (MBWI), dry-wet alternate irrigation (AWD) and flooding irrigation (WL) on soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen in paddy soil, nitrogen metabplic intensity and activities of enzymes related to nitrogen transfomation were studied. 【Result】 Soil microbial biomass C and N could be significantly increased by micro-bubble aeration irrigation and dry-wet alternate irrigation. The soil microbial biomass C and N increased by 30.0%~46.1% and 7.1%~92.1% in Zhonghan 221, Zhongzheyou 8 and IR45765-3B, respectively. The activities of urease, sucrase, catalase, protease and hydroxylamine reductase in paddy soil were increased by micro-nano bubble water aeration irrigation and dry-wet alternate irrigation compared with flooding irrigation, the nitrate reductase activity and nitrite reductase activity were reduced. 【Conclusion】 Micro-nano bubble water aerobic irrigation and dry-wet alternate irrigation can improve the oxidation characteristics of paddy soil, increase soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and nitrification intensity, and contribute to the improvement of soil environment and fertility, strike a balance between C and N metabolism.

Key words: soil, aerobic irrigation, microbial biomass, nitrogen cycle intensity, soil enzyme activity

张露, 吴龙龙, 黄晶, 田仓, 祈军, 张均华, 曹小闯, 朱春权, 孔亚丽, 金千瑜, 朱练峰. 增氧处理对稻田土壤微生物量碳、氮和酶活性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(4): 410-418.

ZHANG Lu, WU Longlong, HUANG Jing, TIAN Cang, QI Jun, ZHANG Junhua, CAO Xiaochuang, ZHU Chunquan, KONG Yali, JIN Qianyu, ZHU Lianfeng. Effect of Aeration Treatment on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen and Enzyme Activities in Paddy Field[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(4): 410-418.

图/表 5

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品种 Variety	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	微生物量碳 Soil microbial biomass carbon /(mg·g⁻¹ h⁻¹)	微生物量氮 Soil microbial biomass nitrogen /(mg·g⁻¹ h⁻¹)	微生物量碳氮比 SMBC/SMBN
中旱221	T₁	341.54±21.4 b	43.79±0.46 b	7.80±0.04 c
Zhonghan 221	T₂	431.37±13.6 a	50.42±1.95 a	8.55±0.45 b
	T₃	295.59±11.4 c	30.73±1.25 c	9.62±0.37 a
中浙优8号	T₁	368.93±10.7 a	38.47±2.33 a	9.60±0.48 a
Zhongzheyou 8	T₂	381.47±27.2 a	39.44±1.13 a	9.67±0.59 a
	T₃	294.28±11.4 b	29.28±1.33 b	10.05±0.46 a
IR45765-3B	T₁	329.15±13.5 a	38.10±1.01 a	8.60±0.18 b
	T₂	304.68±19.9 b	35.81±1.99 ab	8.51±0.53 b
	T₃	307.07±19.1 b	33.42±2.56 b	9.20±0.49 a
F值	品种Variety(V)	82.59**	9.79**	0.27
F value	灌溉方式Irrigation(W)	97.61**	28.85**	23.70**
	V×W	48.54**	12.04**	11.30**

品种 Variety	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	微生物量碳 Soil microbial biomass carbon /(mg·g⁻¹ h⁻¹)	微生物量氮 Soil microbial biomass nitrogen /(mg·g⁻¹ h⁻¹)	微生物量碳氮比 SMBC/SMBN
中旱221	T₁	341.54±21.4 b	43.79±0.46 b	7.80±0.04 c
Zhonghan 221	T₂	431.37±13.6 a	50.42±1.95 a	8.55±0.45 b
	T₃	295.59±11.4 c	30.73±1.25 c	9.62±0.37 a
中浙优8号	T₁	368.93±10.7 a	38.47±2.33 a	9.60±0.48 a
Zhongzheyou 8	T₂	381.47±27.2 a	39.44±1.13 a	9.67±0.59 a
	T₃	294.28±11.4 b	29.28±1.33 b	10.05±0.46 a
IR45765-3B	T₁	329.15±13.5 a	38.10±1.01 a	8.60±0.18 b
	T₂	304.68±19.9 b	35.81±1.99 ab	8.51±0.53 b
	T₃	307.07±19.1 b	33.42±2.56 b	9.20±0.49 a
F值	品种Variety(V)	82.59**	9.79**	0.27
F value	灌溉方式Irrigation(W)	97.61**	28.85**	23.70**
	V×W	48.54**	12.04**	11.30**

品种 Variety	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	脲酶 Urease /(µg·g⁻¹d⁻¹)	蔗糖酶 Invertase /(mg·g⁻¹h⁻¹)	过氧化氢酶 Hydrogen peroxidase /(mg·g⁻¹min⁻¹)	蛋白酶 Protease /(µg·g⁻¹d⁻¹)
中旱221	T₁	35.15±0.83 b	1.50±0.02 b	1.41±0.04 a	32.27±0.17 a
Zhonghan 221	T₂	37.42±0.74 a	1.57±0.04 a	1.33±0.03 b	33.03±0.78 a
	T₃	30.35±1.10 c	1.16±0.02 c	1.22±0.04 c	31.27±2.09 a
中浙优8号	T₁	37.43±1.05 a	1.67±0.04 a	1.38±0.01 a	38.15±0.98 a
Zhongzheyou 8	T₂	38.56±1.35 a	1.71±0.03 a	1.36±0.02 a	37.73±1.00 a
	T₃	31.56±0.66 b	1.27±0.02 b	1.22±0.03 b	36.42±1.23 a
IR45765-3B	T₁	38.15±0.74 a	1.81±0.04 a	1.45±0.04 a	44.76±0.69 a
	T₂	36.62±1.17 a	1.76±0.02 a	1.47±0.04 a	44.42±1.01 a
	T₃	31.18±1.10 b	1.29±0.04 b	1.23±0.04 b	35.86±0.96 b
F值	V	0.16	4.70*	6.49*	47.15**
F value	W	17.67**	10.36**	0.32	1.52
	V×W	0.85	0.21	3.3	9.59**

品种 Variety	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	脲酶 Urease /(µg·g⁻¹d⁻¹)	蔗糖酶 Invertase /(mg·g⁻¹h⁻¹)	过氧化氢酶 Hydrogen peroxidase /(mg·g⁻¹min⁻¹)	蛋白酶 Protease /(µg·g⁻¹d⁻¹)
中旱221	T₁	35.15±0.83 b	1.50±0.02 b	1.41±0.04 a	32.27±0.17 a
Zhonghan 221	T₂	37.42±0.74 a	1.57±0.04 a	1.33±0.03 b	33.03±0.78 a
	T₃	30.35±1.10 c	1.16±0.02 c	1.22±0.04 c	31.27±2.09 a
中浙优8号	T₁	37.43±1.05 a	1.67±0.04 a	1.38±0.01 a	38.15±0.98 a
Zhongzheyou 8	T₂	38.56±1.35 a	1.71±0.03 a	1.36±0.02 a	37.73±1.00 a
	T₃	31.56±0.66 b	1.27±0.02 b	1.22±0.03 b	36.42±1.23 a
IR45765-3B	T₁	38.15±0.74 a	1.81±0.04 a	1.45±0.04 a	44.76±0.69 a
	T₂	36.62±1.17 a	1.76±0.02 a	1.47±0.04 a	44.42±1.01 a
	T₃	31.18±1.10 b	1.29±0.04 b	1.23±0.04 b	35.86±0.96 b
F值	V	0.16	4.70*	6.49*	47.15**
F value	W	17.67**	10.36**	0.32	1.52
	V×W	0.85	0.21	3.3	9.59**

品种 Variety	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	羟胺还原酶 Hydroxylamine reductase /(µg·g⁻¹d⁻¹)	硝酸还原酶 Nitrate reductase /(µmol·g⁻¹d⁻¹)	亚硝酸还原酶 Nitrite reductase /(µmol·g⁻¹d⁻¹)
中旱221	T₁	672.96±16.5 b	2.51±0.09 c	2.54±0.05 c
Zhonghan 221	T₂	706.58±14.3 a	2.80±0.10 b	2.95±0.05 b
	T₃	637.54±19.0 c	4.92±0.21 a	3.65±0.12 a
中浙优8号	T₁	682.96±40.2 a	4.07±0.08 c	3.38±0.19 b
Zhongzheyou 8	T₂	703.47±23.0 a	4.62±0.06 b	2.94±0.16 c
	T₃	633.00±26.6 b	5.69±0.07 a	4.35±0.28 a
IR45765-3B	T₁	714.22±20.6 a	2.66±0.09 c	3.87±0.12 b
	T₂	704.05±4.45 a	3.38±0.05 b	3.54±0.07 c
	T₃	729.64±11.2 a	3.82±0.12 a	4.54±0.07 a

增氧处理对稻田土壤微生物量碳、氮和酶活性的影响

Effect of Aeration Treatment on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen and Enzyme Activities in Paddy Field

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