施用土壤酸化剂和调整播期防治膜下滴灌水稻苗期缺铁黄化的效果研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001G7216.2015.05.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄化是石灰性土壤上水稻膜下滴灌常见的营养障碍,显著影响作物生长发育和产量。以水稻品种T-43为试验材料,采用两因素裂区试验研究播期和土壤局部酸化对改善膜下滴灌水稻苗期缺铁黄化的作用。主区设置三种不同的播期,即在土温达到12℃(T1)、15℃(T2)、18℃(T3)时播种;副区为不同的土壤酸化剂:硫酸铵+硝化抑制剂(AS)、磷酸(PP)、柠檬酸(CA)和对照(CK)。结果表明,三种酸化剂处理均显著降低土壤pH值,提高了土壤有效铁含量,其中AS效果最显著。AS、PP和CA处理的苗期水稻叶片中有效铁含量较CK分别提高14.4%、11.3%和9.2%。三种酸化剂提高了水稻苗期根系活力和根系的根长、表面积、根体积,以AS处理效果最好。晚播较早播显著提高了水稻苗期根系活力,增加了水稻根系的根长、表面积、根体积。晚播使水稻苗期叶片活性铁含量提高了11.2%,叶片SPAD值显著增加。酸化剂的施用有助于克服水稻苗期缺铁黄化,以硫酸铵(生理酸性盐)结合硝化抑制剂最佳,适当的推后播期也能有效改善膜下滴灌水稻缺铁黄化。

关键词: 膜下滴灌, 水稻, 苗期, 缺铁黄化, 土壤酸化, 播期

Abstract:

Rice seedling chlorosis is a common symptom in calcareous soil under drip irrigation,limiting rice growth and yield. A two-factor split-plot experiment was carried out to reveal the effects of sowing date and soil acidification on rice chlorosis caused by iron deficiency under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching(DIPM) by using T-43 (Oryza sativa L.)as material. The sowing date was the primary factor and sowing was conducted at soil temperature of 12℃(T1),15℃(T2),18℃(T3). The subplot was soil acidifiers: ammonium sulfate with nitrification inhibitor (AS), phosphoric acid (PP), citric acid (CA), and contrast (CK). The results showed that acidifier application significantly reduced soil pH value and increased soil iron availability with AS being the most effective one. Compared with CK the active iron concentration in rice leaf increased by 14.4%, 11.3% and 9.2%, respectively under As, PP and CA application. Acidifier application also improved root activity at seedling stage, root length, root surface area, and root volume, especially AS. Late sowing improved root activity of rice at seedling stage, increased root length, root surface area, and root volume. The active iron concentration in rice leaf under DIPM increased by 11.2% and SPAD value was significantly improved. In conclusion, application of acidifier helps overcome rice leaf chlorisis under DIPM, as well as delayed sowing date,with As showing the best effect.

Key words: drip irrigation with plastic film mulching, rice, seedling stage, chlorisis caused by iron deficiency, soil acidification, sowing date

中图分类号:

张书捷, 张新疆, 王娟, 黄倩楠, 白如霄, 危常州. 施用土壤酸化剂和调整播期防治膜下滴灌水稻苗期缺铁黄化的效果研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(5): 519-527.

Shu-jie ZHANG, Xin-jiang ZHANG, Juan WANG, Qian-nan HUANG, Ru-xiao BAI, Chang-zhou WEI. Applying Soil Acidification Agents and Adjusting Sowing Date to Deal with Rice Chlorosis in Seedling Stage Caused by Iron Deficiency Under Drip Irrigation with Plastic Film Mulching[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2015, 29(5): 519-527.

图/表 10

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处理 Treatment	尿素 Urea	重过磷酸钙 TSP	硫酸钾 Potassium sulphate	磷酸二氢铵 MAP	硫酸铵 Ammonium sulfate	磷酸 Phosphoric acid	柠檬酸 Citric acid
AS	565.4	352.2	480	175	125.5
PP	634.8	352.2	480	65.6		93.2
CA	605.8	352.2	480	175			24
CK	605.8	352.2	480	175

处理 Treatment	尿素 Urea	重过磷酸钙 TSP	硫酸钾 Potassium sulphate	磷酸二氢铵 MAP	硫酸铵 Ammonium sulfate	磷酸 Phosphoric acid	柠檬酸 Citric acid
AS	565.4	352.2	480	175	125.5
PP	634.8	352.2	480	65.6		93.2
CA	605.8	352.2	480	175			24
CK	605.8	352.2	480	175

施肥次序 Fertilization order	生育期 Growth stage	施肥时间 (按出苗后天数计) Fertilization time (Days after emergence)	施N比例 Nitrogen fertilizer percentage /%	施P比例 P fertilizer percentage /%	施K比例 K fertilizer percentag e/%	灌溉次数 Irrigation times	灌水量 Irrigation /(m³·hm^-2)	灌溉总量 Total irrigation /(m³·hm^-2)
1st(基肥)			11.7	60	50
2nd		5	2.66	5	0	1	300	300
3rd	苗期Seedling stage	11	5.32	10	0	1	300	300
4th		17	5.32	10	0	1	300	300
5th	分蘖期Tillering stage	23	20	0	0	12	225	2700
6th	拔节期Jointing stage	71	30	5	25	9	300	2700
7th	抽穗扬花期Heading stage	96	20	10	25	10	300	3000
8th	成熟期Maturity stage	126	5	0	0	8	150	1200

施肥次序 Fertilization order	生育期 Growth stage	施肥时间 (按出苗后天数计) Fertilization time (Days after emergence)	施N比例 Nitrogen fertilizer percentage /%	施P比例 P fertilizer percentage /%	施K比例 K fertilizer percentag e/%	灌溉次数 Irrigation times	灌水量 Irrigation /(m³·hm^-2)	灌溉总量 Total irrigation /(m³·hm^-2)
1st(基肥)			11.7	60	50
2nd		5	2.66	5	0	1	300	300
3rd	苗期Seedling stage	11	5.32	10	0	1	300	300
4th		17	5.32	10	0	1	300	300
5th	分蘖期Tillering stage	23	20	0	0	12	225	2700
6th	拔节期Jointing stage	71	30	5	25	9	300	2700
7th	抽穗扬花期Heading stage	96	20	10	25	10	300	3000
8th	成熟期Maturity stage	126	5	0	0	8	150	1200

处理Treatment	T1	T2	T3	平均值Mean
AS	0.563 c	0.530 c	0.473 b	0.522 d
PP	0.670 b	0.647 b	0.573 b	0.630 c
CA	0.747 a	0.680 ab	0.653 a	0.693 b
CK	0.760 a	0.763 a	0.677 a	0.713 a
平均值Mean	0.685 a	0.640 b	0.594 c
F值 F value
播期Sowing date(T)	41.93^**
酸化剂Acidification agent(M)	179.97 ^**
T×M	1.31