滴灌条件下不同土壤质地对水稻苗期根系生长和分布的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8096

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究滴灌条件下不同土壤质地对水稻苗期根系生长和分布的影响,揭示土壤质地对滴灌水稻苗期生长的重要作用,阐明滴灌水稻苗期生长发育机理。【方法】在石河子大学试验场采用盆栽土柱试验,设置重壤土、轻壤土、砂土共3个处理,每个处理重复3次,在播后10、20、30、40 d取样,对比不同处理出苗率、根系形态、生物量、根系活力、根系分布等指标,分析不同土壤条件对滴灌水稻苗期根系生长及分布的影响。【结果】砂土平均出苗率比重壤土、轻壤土分别高15.21和4.6个百分点;计算各项指标40 d平均值可知,重壤土处理根数比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高26.73%和15.67%;重壤土处理平均根长比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高4.52%和13.92%;重壤土处理根系体积比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高18.53%和43.15%;砂土处理最长根长比重壤土、轻壤土处理分别高38.44%和12.69%;重壤土处理总生物量比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高19.76%和41.48%。重壤土处理根系生物量比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高14.98%和35.83%。苗期根系活力表现为重壤土>轻壤土>砂土,重壤土处理40 d内平均根系活力比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高3.54%和13.91%;滴灌水稻苗期根系分布情况表现为前期水稻根系集中在0-5 cm土层中,后期根系开始逐渐分布于0-20 cm土层。【结论】不同的土壤质地对滴灌水稻出苗率、根系形态、生物量、根系活力和根系分布影响显著。因此,滴灌水稻的种植推广过程中,不同土壤质地应采取不同的播种量和相应的栽培措施,才能达到滴灌水稻的优质、高产和高效的目标。

关键词: 土壤质地, 滴灌水稻, 苗期, 根系生长分布

Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of different soil textures on root growth and distribution of drip-irrigated rice during seedling stage were studied, and the important role of soil environment on rice seedling growth under drip irrigation was revealed.【Method】A potted soil column experiment was conducted in the experimental site of the Shihezi University. Three treatments, heavy loam, light loam and sandy soil, were designed. Each treatment was repeated for five times. Samples were taken 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after sowing. The seedling emergence rate, root morphology, biomass, root activity and root distribution under different treatments were compared and analyzed. Effects of soil conditions on root growth and distribution of rice seedlings under drip irrigation were analyzed. 【Result】The average seedling emergence rate in sandy soil was 15.21% higher than that in heavy loam soil and 4.6% higher than that in light loam soil, respectively. The root volume in heavy loam soil was 18.53% and 43.15% higher than that in light loam and sandy soil respectively; the longest root length in sandy soil treatment was 38.44% and 12.69% higher than that in heavy loam and light loam, respectively; the total biomass in heavy loam soil was 19.76% and 41.48% higher than that in light loam and sandy soils, respectively. The root biomass of heavy loam soil increased by 14.98% and 35.83% compared with that in light loam and sandy soils. The root activity in seedling stage followed the following trend: heavy loam soil > light loam soil > sandy soil, and the average root activity within 40 days in heavy loam soil was 3.54% and 13.91% higher than that in light loam soil and sandy soil, respectively. The proportion of roots in the soil at depth from 0 to 5 cm in each period was always the largest. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that different soil textures had significant effects on rice seedling emergence rate, root morphology, biomass, root activity and root distribution under drip irrigation. Therefore, in order to achieve the goal of high quality, high yield and high efficiency, different sowing amounts and corresponding cultivation practices should be taken in the process of popularizing drip irrigation.

Key words: soil texture, drip irrigation under mulch, rice, seedling stage, root growth and distribution

中图分类号:

徐强, 马晓鹏, 吕廷波, 王东旺, 白蒙, 王泽林, 牛靖冉. 滴灌条件下不同土壤质地对水稻苗期根系生长和分布的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(3): 249-256.

Qiang XU, Xiaopeng MA, Tingbo LÜ, Dongwang WANG, Meng BAI, Zelin WANG, Jingran NIU. Effects of Different Soil Texture on Root Growth and Distribution of Rice Seedlings Under Drip Irrigation[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019, 33(3): 249-256.

图/表 6

表1 不同土壤质地的物理性质

Table 1 Physical properties of different soils.

土壤质地 Soil texture	物理性黏粒 Physical clay /%	土壤容重 Soil bulk density/(g·cm^-3)	总空隙度 Total porosity /%
重壤土Heavy loam soil	56.5	1.62	53.4
轻壤土Light loam soil	28.0	1.52	49.2
砂土Sand	18.1	1.45	47.6

表2 不同土壤质地对滴灌水稻出苗情况的影响

Table 2 Effects of different soil textures on seedling emergence of drip-irrigated rice.

土壤质地 Soil texture	平均出苗率 Average emergence rate/%
重壤土 Heavy loam soil	73.95 c
轻壤土 Light loam soil	79.16 b
砂土 Sand	83.33 a

图1 不同土壤质地对滴灌水稻苗期根系形态指标的影响平均数±标准差(n=9)。不同小写字母者表示差异达到0.05显著水平(LSD检验)。

Fig. 1. Effect of different soil texture on root morphology index of rice under drip irrigation. Mean±SD(n=9). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among the soils at 0.05 level(LSD test). The same as below.

图2 不同土壤质地对滴灌水稻苗期生物量的影响

Fig. 2. Effect of different soil texture on total biomass of drip-irrigated rice at seedling stage.

图3 不同土壤质地对滴灌水稻苗期根系活力的影响

Fig. 3. Effect of different soil texture on root activity in drip-irrigated rice at seedling stage.

图4 不同土壤质地对滴灌水稻苗期根系分布的影响

Fig. 4. Effect of different soil texture on root distribution of drip-irrigated rice at seedling stage.

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