中国水稻科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 269-277.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210309
陈云1,2, 刘昆1, 李婷婷1, 李思宇1, 李国明2, 张伟杨1, 张耗1, 顾骏飞1, 刘立军1,*(), 杨建昌1
收稿日期:
2021-03-19
修回日期:
2021-06-01
出版日期:
2022-05-10
发布日期:
2022-05-11
通讯作者:
刘立军
基金资助:
CHEN Yun1,2, LIU Kun1, LI Tingting1, LI Siyu1, LI Guoming2, ZHANG Weiyang1, ZHANG Hao1, GU Junfei1, LIU Lijun1,*(), YANG Jianchang1
Received:
2021-03-19
Revised:
2021-06-01
Online:
2022-05-10
Published:
2022-05-11
Contact:
LIU Lijun
摘要:
【目的】干湿交替灌溉(WMD)对水稻根系生长和产量形成有重要影响,但其对土壤性状的影响,以及与根系生长的关系尚不明确。【方法】本研究以5个不同类型的水稻品种为材料,在结实期设置常规灌溉(CI)和干湿交替灌溉(WMD)两种灌溉方式处理,研究了其对水稻产量、根系形态生理及土壤性状的影响。【结果】1)与CI相比,结实期WMD可明显提高不同品种的结实率与千粒重,从而提高水稻产量。2)结实期WMD能够提高复水后水稻根际与非根际土壤硝态氮含量和脲酶、蔗糖酶活性,降低土壤铵态氮含量。3)结实期WMD复水后水稻根系形态(根质量、根数、根长、根表面积、根体积、根系通气组织面积)及根系活力(根系氧化力)均明显高于CI处理。【结论】WMD复水后较高的根际和非根际土壤硝态氮含量、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性以及较低的土壤铵态氮含量能够改善水稻根系形态生理,促进籽粒灌浆结实,提高水稻产量。
陈云, 刘昆, 李婷婷, 李思宇, 李国明, 张伟杨, 张耗, 顾骏飞, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 结实期干湿交替灌溉对水稻根系、产量和土壤的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(3): 269-277.
CHEN Yun, LIU Kun, LI Tingting, LI Siyu, LI Guoming, ZHANG Weiyang, ZHANG Hao, GU Junfei, LIU Lijun, YANG Jianchang. Effects of Alternate Wetting and Moderate Soil Drying Irrigation on Root Traits, Grain Yield and Soil Properties in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(3): 269-277.
来源 Source of variation | 自由度 df | 产量 Grain yield | 根系干质量 Root dry weight | 根系氧化力 Root oxidation activity | 土壤硝态氮含量 Soil nitrate nitrogen content | 土壤脲酶活性 Soil urease activity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
年份 Year (Y) | 1 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
处理 Treatment (T) | 1 | 5.2* | 4.9* | 54.4** | 14.8** | 9.8** |
年份×处理 Y×T | 1 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
表1 产量、根系和土壤主要性状的方差分析
Table 1. Analysis of variance of F-values of grain yield and main root and soil traits.
来源 Source of variation | 自由度 df | 产量 Grain yield | 根系干质量 Root dry weight | 根系氧化力 Root oxidation activity | 土壤硝态氮含量 Soil nitrate nitrogen content | 土壤脲酶活性 Soil urease activity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
年份 Year (Y) | 1 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
处理 Treatment (T) | 1 | 5.2* | 4.9* | 54.4** | 14.8** | 9.8** |
年份×处理 Y×T | 1 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
品种 Cultivar | 处理 Treatment | 总颖花量 Total spikelets per pot | 结实率 Seed-setting rate/% | 千粒重 1000-grain weight/g | 产量 Grain yield/(g·pot-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
扬稻6号YD6 | CI | 3450.9 a | 89.1 b | 29.5 b | 90.8 b |
WMD | 3541.3 a | 92.2 a | 30.1 a | 98.2 a | |
南粳9108 NJ9108 | CI | 4189.4 a | 87.3 b | 24.1 a | 88.0 b |
WMD | 4228.8 a | 90.9 a | 24.6 a | 94.6 a | |
扬两优6号YLY6 | CI | 4018.2 a | 87.4 b | 28.7 a | 100.8 b |
WMD | 4156.6 a | 90.7 a | 29.2 a | 110.0 a | |
常优5号CY5 | CI | 4326.8 a | 86.3 b | 24.8 a | 92.4 b |
WMD | 4416.7 a | 89.6 a | 25.3 a | 100.0 a | |
甬优2640 YY2640 | CI | 5468.3 a | 80.9 b | 23.4 b | 103.4 b |
WMD | 5534.4 a | 84.5 a | 24.1 a | 112.4 a |
表2 结实期干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响
Table 2. Effect of WMD during the grain filling stage on rice yield and its components.
品种 Cultivar | 处理 Treatment | 总颖花量 Total spikelets per pot | 结实率 Seed-setting rate/% | 千粒重 1000-grain weight/g | 产量 Grain yield/(g·pot-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
扬稻6号YD6 | CI | 3450.9 a | 89.1 b | 29.5 b | 90.8 b |
WMD | 3541.3 a | 92.2 a | 30.1 a | 98.2 a | |
南粳9108 NJ9108 | CI | 4189.4 a | 87.3 b | 24.1 a | 88.0 b |
WMD | 4228.8 a | 90.9 a | 24.6 a | 94.6 a | |
扬两优6号YLY6 | CI | 4018.2 a | 87.4 b | 28.7 a | 100.8 b |
WMD | 4156.6 a | 90.7 a | 29.2 a | 110.0 a | |
常优5号CY5 | CI | 4326.8 a | 86.3 b | 24.8 a | 92.4 b |
WMD | 4416.7 a | 89.6 a | 25.3 a | 100.0 a | |
甬优2640 YY2640 | CI | 5468.3 a | 80.9 b | 23.4 b | 103.4 b |
WMD | 5534.4 a | 84.5 a | 24.1 a | 112.4 a |
图1 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后水稻根际(A)和非根际(B)土壤硝态氮含量 YD6–扬稻6号;NJ9108–南粳9108;YLY6–扬两优6号;CY5–常优5号;YY2640–甬优2640。CI–常规灌溉;WMD–干湿交替灌溉。对同一品种柱上不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。
Fig. 1. Nitrate nitrogen contents in rice rhizosphere (A) and non-rhizosphere (B) soils after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage. YD6, Yangdao 6; NJ9108, Nanjing 9108; YLY6, Yangliangyou 6; CY5, Changyou 5; YY2640, Yongyou 2640. CI, Continuously flooded irrigation; WMD, Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation. For a variety, different lowercase letters above the column indicate statistical significance at the P = 0.05 level.
图2 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后水稻根际(A)和非根际(B)土壤铵态氮含量 YD6–扬稻6号;NJ9108–南粳9108;YLY6–扬两优6号;CY5–常优5号;YY2640–甬优2640。CI–常规灌溉;WMD–干湿交替灌溉。同一品种柱上不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。
Fig. 2. Ammonium nitrogen contents in rice rhizosphere (A) and non-rhizosphere (B) soils after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage. YD6, Yangdao 6; NJ9108, Nanjing 9108; YLY6, Yangliangyou 6; CY5, Changyou 5; YY2640, Yongyou 2640. CI, Continuously flooded irrigation; WMD, Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation. For a variety, different letters above the column indicate statistical significance at the P = 0.05 level.
图3 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后水稻根际(A)和非根际(B)土壤脲酶活性 YD6–扬稻6号;NJ9108–南粳9108;YLY6–扬两优6号;CY5–常优5号;YY2640–甬优2640。CI–常规灌溉;WMD–干湿交替灌溉。对同一品种,不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。
Fig. 3. Urease activities in rice rhizosphere (A) and non-rhizosphere (B) soils after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage. YD 6, Yangdao 6; NJ 9108, Nanjing 9108; YLY 6, Yangliangyou 6; CY 5, Changyou 5; YY2640, Yongyou 2640. CI, Continuously flooded irrigation; WMD, Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation. For variety, different lowercase letters above the column indicate statistical significance at the P = 0.05 level.
图4 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后水稻根际(A)和非根际(B)土壤蔗糖酶活性 YD6–扬稻6号;NJ9108–南粳9108;YLY6–扬两优6号;CY5–常优5号;YY2640–甬优2640。CI–常规灌溉;WMD–干湿交替灌溉。对同一品种,不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。
Fig. 4. Sucrase activities in rice rhizosphere (A) and non-rhizosphere (B) soils after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage. YD 6, Yangdao 6; NJ 9108, Nanjing 9108; YLY 6, Yangliangyou 6; CY 5, Changyou 5; YY2640, Yongyou 2640. CI, Continuously flooded irrigation; WMD, Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation. For variety, different lowercase letters above the column indicate statistical significance at 0.05 level.
品种 Cultivar | 处理 Treatment | 根干质量 Root dry weight /(g·pot-1) | 根冠比 Root-shoot ratio | 根数 Root number /(×100·pot-1) | 根长 Root length /(m·pot-1) | 根表面积 Root surface /(cm2·pot-1) | 根系直径 Root diameter /mm | 根体积 Root volume /(cm3·pot-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
扬稻6号 | CI | 25.5 b | 0.23 a | 20.0 b | 876.9 b | 9 267.7 b | 0.51 a | 125.5 a |
YD6 | WMD | 29.8 a | 0.24 a | 23.6 a | 960.1 a | 10 623.8 a | 0.52 a | 137.3 a |
南粳9108 | CI | 22.3 b | 0.23 a | 21.3 b | 624.5 b | 10 134.7 b | 0.57 a | 98.8 b |
NJ9108 | WMD | 25.9 a | 0.24 a | 24.0 a | 661.6 a | 10 797.6 a | 0.58 a | 110.3 a |
扬两优6号 | CI | 30.4 b | 0.22 a | 23.6 b | 767.3 b | 9 993.9 b | 0.61 a | 121.3 b |
YLY6 | WMD | 36.3 a | 0.23 a | 26.6 a | 812.5 a | 10 784.1 a | 0.61 a | 133.6 a |
常优5号 | CI | 25.1 a | 0.18 a | 21.7 b | 766.9 b | 10 675.1 b | 0.49 a | 112.3 b |
CY5 | WMD | 26.4 a | 0.18 a | 23.9 a | 809.4 a | 11 580.0 a | 0.48 a | 122.2 a |
甬优2640 | CI | 24.0 b | 0.24 a | 17.6 b | 883.5 b | 11 546.6 a | 0.48 a | 102.2 b |
YY2640 | WMD | 27.6 a | 0.25 a | 18.6 a | 984.2 a | 12 600.9 a | 0.47 a | 114.6 a |
表3 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后水稻根系形态特征
Table 3. Morphological characteristics of rice roots after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage.
品种 Cultivar | 处理 Treatment | 根干质量 Root dry weight /(g·pot-1) | 根冠比 Root-shoot ratio | 根数 Root number /(×100·pot-1) | 根长 Root length /(m·pot-1) | 根表面积 Root surface /(cm2·pot-1) | 根系直径 Root diameter /mm | 根体积 Root volume /(cm3·pot-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
扬稻6号 | CI | 25.5 b | 0.23 a | 20.0 b | 876.9 b | 9 267.7 b | 0.51 a | 125.5 a |
YD6 | WMD | 29.8 a | 0.24 a | 23.6 a | 960.1 a | 10 623.8 a | 0.52 a | 137.3 a |
南粳9108 | CI | 22.3 b | 0.23 a | 21.3 b | 624.5 b | 10 134.7 b | 0.57 a | 98.8 b |
NJ9108 | WMD | 25.9 a | 0.24 a | 24.0 a | 661.6 a | 10 797.6 a | 0.58 a | 110.3 a |
扬两优6号 | CI | 30.4 b | 0.22 a | 23.6 b | 767.3 b | 9 993.9 b | 0.61 a | 121.3 b |
YLY6 | WMD | 36.3 a | 0.23 a | 26.6 a | 812.5 a | 10 784.1 a | 0.61 a | 133.6 a |
常优5号 | CI | 25.1 a | 0.18 a | 21.7 b | 766.9 b | 10 675.1 b | 0.49 a | 112.3 b |
CY5 | WMD | 26.4 a | 0.18 a | 23.9 a | 809.4 a | 11 580.0 a | 0.48 a | 122.2 a |
甬优2640 | CI | 24.0 b | 0.24 a | 17.6 b | 883.5 b | 11 546.6 a | 0.48 a | 102.2 b |
YY2640 | WMD | 27.6 a | 0.25 a | 18.6 a | 984.2 a | 12 600.9 a | 0.47 a | 114.6 a |
图5 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后根系通气组织显微结构图(扬稻6号) R1–距根尖1 cm; R2–距根尖2 cm; R3–距根尖3 cm。
Fig. 5. Microstructure of root aerenchyma after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage (Yangdao 6). CI, Continuously flooded irrigation; WMD, Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation. R1, 1 cm from root tip; R2, 2 cm from root tip; R3, 3 cm from root tip.
品种 Cultivar | 部位 Site | 处理 Treatment | 横截面积(S1) Cross-section area(S1) /(×104 μm2) | 通气组织面积(S2) Aerenchyma area(S2) /(×104 μm2) | 面积比(S2/S1) Area ratio(S2/S1) /% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
扬稻6号 | R1 | CI | 50.9 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a |
YD6 | WMD | 62.0 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | |
R2 | CI | 64.6 a | 9.4 a | 14.6 a | |
WMD | 53.2 a | 8.7 a | 16.4 a | ||
R3 | CI | 54.3 b | 10 b | 18.4 b | |
WMD | 74.7 a | 16.1 a | 21.6 a | ||
南粳9108 | R1 | CI | 78.8 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a |
NJ9108 | WMD | 73.6 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | |
R2 | CI | 95.5 a | 12.9 a | 13.5 b | |
WMD | 90.2 a | 13.5 a | 15.0 a | ||
R3 | CI | 86.2 a | 14.5 b | 16.8 b | |
WMD | 83.8 a | 17.5 a | 20.9 a | ||
扬两优6号 | R1 | CI | 61.5 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a |
YLY6 | WMD | 60.6 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | |
R2 | CI | 57.9 a | 8.9 b | 15.4 b | |
WMD | 63.1 a | 10.9 a | 17.3 a | ||
R3 | CI | 69.5 a | 12.5 a | 18.0 b | |
WMD | 64.3 a | 12.3 a | 19.1 a | ||
常优5号 | R1 | CI | 84.5 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a |
CY5 | WMD | 75.6 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | |
R2 | CI | 91.7 a | 12.2 a | 13.3 b | |
WMD | 77.7 b | 12.9 a | 16.6 a | ||
R3 | CI | 80.2 a | 15.2 b | 19.0 b | |
WMD | 84.9 a | 20.3 a | 23.9 a | ||
甬优2640 | R1 | CI | 70.7 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a |
YY 2640 | WMD | 62.3 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | |
R2 | CI | 75.6 a | 10.9 a | 14.4 b | |
WMD | 71.1 a | 12.0 a | 16.9 a | ||
R3 | CI | 71.0 a | 14.1 b | 19.9 b | |
WMD | 66.8 a | 17.3 a | 25.9 a |
表4 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后水稻根系通气组织
Table 4. Aerenchyma in rice root system after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage.
品种 Cultivar | 部位 Site | 处理 Treatment | 横截面积(S1) Cross-section area(S1) /(×104 μm2) | 通气组织面积(S2) Aerenchyma area(S2) /(×104 μm2) | 面积比(S2/S1) Area ratio(S2/S1) /% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
扬稻6号 | R1 | CI | 50.9 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a |
YD6 | WMD | 62.0 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | |
R2 | CI | 64.6 a | 9.4 a | 14.6 a | |
WMD | 53.2 a | 8.7 a | 16.4 a | ||
R3 | CI | 54.3 b | 10 b | 18.4 b | |
WMD | 74.7 a | 16.1 a | 21.6 a | ||
南粳9108 | R1 | CI | 78.8 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a |
NJ9108 | WMD | 73.6 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | |
R2 | CI | 95.5 a | 12.9 a | 13.5 b | |
WMD | 90.2 a | 13.5 a | 15.0 a | ||
R3 | CI | 86.2 a | 14.5 b | 16.8 b | |
WMD | 83.8 a | 17.5 a | 20.9 a | ||
扬两优6号 | R1 | CI | 61.5 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a |
YLY6 | WMD | 60.6 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | |
R2 | CI | 57.9 a | 8.9 b | 15.4 b | |
WMD | 63.1 a | 10.9 a | 17.3 a | ||
R3 | CI | 69.5 a | 12.5 a | 18.0 b | |
WMD | 64.3 a | 12.3 a | 19.1 a | ||
常优5号 | R1 | CI | 84.5 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a |
CY5 | WMD | 75.6 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | |
R2 | CI | 91.7 a | 12.2 a | 13.3 b | |
WMD | 77.7 b | 12.9 a | 16.6 a | ||
R3 | CI | 80.2 a | 15.2 b | 19.0 b | |
WMD | 84.9 a | 20.3 a | 23.9 a | ||
甬优2640 | R1 | CI | 70.7 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a |
YY 2640 | WMD | 62.3 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | |
R2 | CI | 75.6 a | 10.9 a | 14.4 b | |
WMD | 71.1 a | 12.0 a | 16.9 a | ||
R3 | CI | 71.0 a | 14.1 b | 19.9 b | |
WMD | 66.8 a | 17.3 a | 25.9 a |
图6 结实期干湿交替灌溉复水后水稻根系氧化力 YD6–扬稻6号;NJ9108–南粳9108;YLY6–扬两优6号;CY5–常优5号;YY2640–甬优2640。CI–常规灌溉;WMD–干湿交替灌溉。对同一品种,不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。
Fig. 6. Root oxidation activity after rewatering in WMD during the grain filling stage. YD6, Yangdao 6; NJ9108, Nanjing 9108; YLY6, Yangliangyou 6; CY5, Changyou 5; YY2640, Yongyou 2640. CI, Continuously flooded irrigation; WMD, Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation. For a variety, different letters above the column indicate statistical significance at the P = 0.05 level.
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