减氮和增氧灌溉对水稻产量和氮素利用的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220307

中国水稻科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 78-88.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220307

减氮和增氧灌溉对水稻产量和氮素利用的影响

张露¹^,^#, 梁青铎¹^,^#, 吴龙龙¹, 黄晶¹, 田仓¹^,², 张均华¹, 曹小闯¹, 朱春权¹, 孔亚丽¹, 金千瑜¹, 朱练峰¹^,^*()

¹中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室，杭州 311401
²长江大学农学院湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程中心，湖北荆州 434025

收稿日期:2022-03-08 修回日期:2022-09-06 出版日期:2023-01-10 发布日期:2023-01-10
通讯作者: 朱练峰
作者简介:第一联系人：#共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31771733);浙江省重点研发计划资助项目(2021C02063-3)

Effects of Nitrogen-reducing and Oxygen-increasing Irrigation on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

ZHANG Lu¹^,^#, LIANG Qingduo¹^,^#, WU Longlong¹, HUANG Jing¹, TIAN Cang¹^,², ZHANG Junhua¹, CAO Xiaochuang¹, ZHU Chunquan¹, KONG Yali¹, JIN Qianyu¹, ZHU Lianfeng¹^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China
²Engineering Center of Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization, Ministry of Education, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China

Received:2022-03-08 Revised:2022-09-06 Online:2023-01-10 Published:2023-01-10
Contact: ZHU Lianfeng
About author:First author contact:#These authors contributed equally to this work

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的明确减氮和增氧灌溉对水稻生长、产量和氮肥利用的影响。方法以3个品种水稻中旱221(旱稻)、中浙优8号(水稻)和IR45765-3B(深水稻)为材料，并设常规施氮量(195.0 kg/hm²)、减施氮量(157.5 kg/hm²)2种氮水平和常规淹水灌溉(Conventional Flood Irrigation，WL)、微纳米气泡水增氧灌溉(Micro-nano Bubble Water Oxygenation Irrigation，MBWI)2个灌溉模式，对比分析了3个品种水稻的茎蘖动态、叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积、干物质量、产量和水稻的氮素吸收利用特征。结果研究结果表明，MBWI处理显著增加了水稻产量，中旱221、中浙优8号和IR45765-3B的2年平均产量MBWI处理分别比WL处理增加12.4%、7.5%和6.7%，这可能与水稻有效穗数、每穗粒数密切相关。微纳米气泡水增氧灌溉和增施氮肥用量显著增加水稻叶片叶绿素含量和叶面积，并增加水稻干物质积累量。氮肥和增氧灌溉均影响水稻各氮素利用率指标，与淹水灌溉相比，微纳米气泡水增氧灌溉均可以显著增加3个品种水稻的氮收获指数、氮肥偏生产力和氮素籽粒生产效率，降低了水稻了氮转运效率和氮转运贡献率。减氮处理可以显著增加氮转运效率、氮转运贡献率、氮素籽粒生产效率和氮肥偏生产力，降低了氮收获指数。结论增氧灌溉有助于提高水稻叶片叶绿素含量和叶面积，增加水稻分蘖数和干物质积累量，进而显著提高水稻产量，影响氮素利用特征，并且在稻田氮素减施的条件下采用增氧灌溉能有助于构建高产群体，维持较高的产量。

关键词: 氮肥, 增氧灌溉, 水稻, 产量, 氮肥利用

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the effects of nitrogen reduction and oxygen-increasing irrigation on growth, yield and nitrogen utilization of rice.【Method】 Three rice varieties Zhonghan 221 (upland rice), Zhongzheyou 8 (rice) and IR45765-3B (deep water rice) were used as materials, and two nitrogen levels of conventional nitrogen application level(195.0 kg/hm²), reduced nitrogen application level (157.5 kg/hm²) and two irrigation modes of conventional flooding irrigation (WL) and micro-nano bubble water oxygen enhancement irrigation (MBWI) were designed. The tiller dynamics, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area, dry matter quality, yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics of the three rice varieties were compared and analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that MBWI treatment significantly increased rice yield, and the 2-year average yield in MBWI treatment was 12.4%, 7.5% and 6.7% higher than that of WL treatment, respectively, which may be attributed to the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle. The amount of micro-nano bubble water oxygenated irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the chlorophyll contents and leaf area of rice leaves, and increased the dry matter accumulation of rice. Both nitrogen fertilizer and aerobic irrigation affected the nitrogen use efficiency of rice. Compared with flooded irrigation, micro / nano bubble water aerobic irrigation could significantly increase the nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen grain production efficiency of the three rice varieties, reduced nitrogen transport efficiency and nitrogen transport contribution rate of rice. Nitrogen reduction treatment significantly increased nitrogen transport efficiency, nitrogen transport contribution rate, nitrogen grain production efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity, but decreased nitrogen harvest index.【Conclusion】 Aerobic irrigation can increase the chlorophyll contents and leaf area of rice leaves, thus increase the number of tillers and dry matter accumulation of rice, and then significantly increase rice yield and affect the characteristics of nitrogen utilization. Under the conditions of reduced nitrogen application in paddy field, oxygen-increasing irrigation can help build a high-yield population and maintain a higher yield.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, aerobic irrigation, rice, yield, nitrogen use efficiency

张露, 梁青铎, 吴龙龙, 黄晶, 田仓, 张均华, 曹小闯, 朱春权, 孔亚丽, 金千瑜, 朱练峰. 减氮和增氧灌溉对水稻产量和氮素利用的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023, 37(1): 78-88.

ZHANG Lu, LIANG Qingduo, WU Longlong, HUANG Jing, TIAN Cang, ZHANG Junhua, CAO Xiaochuang, ZHU Chunquan, KONG Yali, JIN Qianyu, ZHU Lianfeng. Effects of Nitrogen-reducing and Oxygen-increasing Irrigation on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(1): 78-88.

图/表 6

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	单株有效穗 Effective panicles per plant	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Grain yield/(kg·hm⁻²)
2020	中旱221	MBWI-N13	10.91 a	168.44 a	88.09 b	21.35 a	7531.6 a
	Zhonghan 221	WL-N13	10.08 bc	156.31 c	84.01 c	21.62 a	6898.6 c
		MBWI-N10.5	10.33 b	160.57 b	91.19 a	21.75 a	7138.0 b
		WL-N10.5	9.83 c	152.53 d	89.15 b	21.58 a	6462.7 d
	中浙优8号	MBWI-N13	10.41 a	188.32 a	87.30 b	22.29 a	9099.6 a
	Zhongzheyou 8	WL-N13	9.79 b	182.09 a	83.73 c	22.76 a	8320.8 b
		MBWI-N10.5	9.92 b	183.50 a	90.55 a	22.72 a	8147.8 bc
		WL-N10.5	9.10 c	178.73 b	86.93 b	22.23 a	7683.6 c
	IR45765-3B	MBWI-N13	12.25 a	175.75 a	83.13 ab	25.90 a	8724.2 a
		WL-N13	11.83 b	174.28 a	81.10 b	25.31 a	8420.3 ab
		MBWI-N10.5	11.41 c	169.40 b	86.92 a	25.71 a	8175.6 bc
		WL-N10.5	11.08 c	169.93 b	83.64 b	25.75 a	7079.4 c
2021	中旱221	MBWI-N13	10.83 a	165.78 a	88.85 ab	22.68 a	7754.2 a
	Zhonghan 221	WL-N13	10.16 ab	158.90 ab	86.70 b	22.31 ab	6685.4 bc
		MBWI-N10.5	10.16 ab	155.22 bc	90.08 a	21.29 b	7265.9 ab
		WL-N10.5	9.50 c	148.34 c	88.45 ab	21.23 b	6366.1 c
	中浙优8号	MBWI-N13	11.50 a	177.44 a	86.21 a	24.40 a	9299.5 a
	Zhongzheyou 8	WL-N13	10.83 ab	168.14 b	83.41 c	24.17 ab	8582.4 b
		MBWI-N10.5	11.00 ab	171.04 b	86.89 ab	23.64 bc	8593.9 b
		WL-N10.5	10.16 c	160.62 c	84.61 bc	23.40 c	8096.1 c
	IR45765-3B	MBWI-N13	11.50 a	170.18 a	83.43 ab	25.76 a	8398.1 a
		WL-N13	11.50 a	169.95 ab	81.74 b	25.14 a	8103.5 a
		MBWI-N10.5	10.66 ab	164.92 bc	86.78 a	25.42 a	7749.8 ab
		WL-N10.5	10.50 b	161.91 c	84.37 b	25.13 a	7449.7 b
F值	Y		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
F value	V		54.81^**	21.79^**	22.80^**	358.65^**	50.46^**
	Y×N		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Y×O		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	N×O		29.31^**	9.50^**	ns	6.06^*	59.37^**
	Y×N×O		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	单株有效穗 Effective panicles per plant	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Grain yield/(kg·hm⁻²)
2020	中旱221	MBWI-N13	10.91 a	168.44 a	88.09 b	21.35 a	7531.6 a
	Zhonghan 221	WL-N13	10.08 bc	156.31 c	84.01 c	21.62 a	6898.6 c
		MBWI-N10.5	10.33 b	160.57 b	91.19 a	21.75 a	7138.0 b
		WL-N10.5	9.83 c	152.53 d	89.15 b	21.58 a	6462.7 d
	中浙优8号	MBWI-N13	10.41 a	188.32 a	87.30 b	22.29 a	9099.6 a
	Zhongzheyou 8	WL-N13	9.79 b	182.09 a	83.73 c	22.76 a	8320.8 b
		MBWI-N10.5	9.92 b	183.50 a	90.55 a	22.72 a	8147.8 bc
		WL-N10.5	9.10 c	178.73 b	86.93 b	22.23 a	7683.6 c
	IR45765-3B	MBWI-N13	12.25 a	175.75 a	83.13 ab	25.90 a	8724.2 a
		WL-N13	11.83 b	174.28 a	81.10 b	25.31 a	8420.3 ab
		MBWI-N10.5	11.41 c	169.40 b	86.92 a	25.71 a	8175.6 bc
		WL-N10.5	11.08 c	169.93 b	83.64 b	25.75 a	7079.4 c
2021	中旱221	MBWI-N13	10.83 a	165.78 a	88.85 ab	22.68 a	7754.2 a
	Zhonghan 221	WL-N13	10.16 ab	158.90 ab	86.70 b	22.31 ab	6685.4 bc
		MBWI-N10.5	10.16 ab	155.22 bc	90.08 a	21.29 b	7265.9 ab
		WL-N10.5	9.50 c	148.34 c	88.45 ab	21.23 b	6366.1 c
	中浙优8号	MBWI-N13	11.50 a	177.44 a	86.21 a	24.40 a	9299.5 a
	Zhongzheyou 8	WL-N13	10.83 ab	168.14 b	83.41 c	24.17 ab	8582.4 b
		MBWI-N10.5	11.00 ab	171.04 b	86.89 ab	23.64 bc	8593.9 b
		WL-N10.5	10.16 c	160.62 c	84.61 bc	23.40 c	8096.1 c
	IR45765-3B	MBWI-N13	11.50 a	170.18 a	83.43 ab	25.76 a	8398.1 a
		WL-N13	11.50 a	169.95 ab	81.74 b	25.14 a	8103.5 a
		MBWI-N10.5	10.66 ab	164.92 bc	86.78 a	25.42 a	7749.8 ab
		WL-N10.5	10.50 b	161.91 c	84.37 b	25.13 a	7449.7 b
F值	Y		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
F value	V		54.81^**	21.79^**	22.80^**	358.65^**	50.46^**
	Y×N		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Y×O		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	N×O		29.31^**	9.50^**	ns	6.06^*	59.37^**
	Y×N×O		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	地上部干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation of aboveground part/(t·hm^-2)					收获指数 Harvest index/%
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	TS	ATS	FS	FHS	MS	收获指数 Harvest index/%
中旱221	MBWI-N13	1.19 a	3.94 a	7.69 a	10.20 a	12.70 a	45.63 a
Zhonghan 221	WL-N13	1.10 ab	3.77 a	6.91 b	9.08 b	11.30 b	43.34 bc
	MBWI-N10.5	1.10 ab	3.72 a	6.72 b	8.94 b	12.60 a	44.86 ab
	WL-N10.5	0.99 c	3.63 a	6.83 b	8.52 c	10.50 c	41.94 c
中浙优8号	MBWI-N13	1.20 a	4.97 a	13.38 a	15.81 a	18.68 a	44.41 a
Zhongzheyou 8	WL-N13	1.15 a	4.78 a	12.75 ab	14.79 ab	17.05 b	42.96 b
	MBWI-N10.5	1.07 a	4.50 b	13.08 a	15.48 a	17.75 b	42.30 b
	WL-N10.5	1.16 a	4.11 c	12.10 b	14.18 b	16.14 c	40.53 c
IR45765-3B	MBWI-N13	1.40 a	5.16 ab	12.34 ab	15.17 a	16.80 a	47.01 a
	WL-N13	1.35 a	5.44 a	13.01 a	14.26 b	15.96 b	45.70 ab
	MBWI-N10.5	1.19 b	4.83 bc	11.71 b	14.44 b	14.70 c	45.02 b
	WL-N10.5	1.28 b	4.77 bc	12.24 ab	13.79 c	14.62 c	42.38 c

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	地上部干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation of aboveground part/(t·hm^-2)					收获指数 Harvest index/%
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	TS	ATS	FS	FHS	MS	收获指数 Harvest index/%
中旱221	MBWI-N13	1.19 a	3.94 a	7.69 a	10.20 a	12.70 a	45.63 a
Zhonghan 221	WL-N13	1.10 ab	3.77 a	6.91 b	9.08 b	11.30 b	43.34 bc
	MBWI-N10.5	1.10 ab	3.72 a	6.72 b	8.94 b	12.60 a	44.86 ab
	WL-N10.5	0.99 c	3.63 a	6.83 b	8.52 c	10.50 c	41.94 c
中浙优8号	MBWI-N13	1.20 a	4.97 a	13.38 a	15.81 a	18.68 a	44.41 a
Zhongzheyou 8	WL-N13	1.15 a	4.78 a	12.75 ab	14.79 ab	17.05 b	42.96 b
	MBWI-N10.5	1.07 a	4.50 b	13.08 a	15.48 a	17.75 b	42.30 b
	WL-N10.5	1.16 a	4.11 c	12.10 b	14.18 b	16.14 c	40.53 c
IR45765-3B	MBWI-N13	1.40 a	5.16 ab	12.34 ab	15.17 a	16.80 a	47.01 a
	WL-N13	1.35 a	5.44 a	13.01 a	14.26 b	15.96 b	45.70 ab
	MBWI-N10.5	1.19 b	4.83 bc	11.71 b	14.44 b	14.70 c	45.02 b
	WL-N10.5	1.28 b	4.77 bc	12.24 ab	13.79 c	14.62 c	42.38 c

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	氮收获指数 NHI/%	氮转运效率 NTE/%	氮转运贡献率 NTCR/%	氮素籽粒生产效率 NGPE/(g·g⁻¹)	氮肥偏生产力 NPFP/(g·g⁻¹)
中旱221	MBWI-N13	66.71 a	50.40 c	70.11 c	45.04 c	38.38 c
Zhonghan 221	WL-N13	63.90 b	52.88 ab	72.89 b	44.32 d	35.85 d
	MBWI-N10.5	62.56 c	51.88 bc	71.47 b	49.28 a	45.32 a
	WL-N10.5	59.88 d	55.06 a	73.66 a	47.92 b	41.03 b
中浙优8号	MBWI-N13	61.82 a	65.67 bc	68.73 d	39.06 b	46.66 c
Zhongzheyou 8	WL-N13	60.23 b	66.23 b	73.25 c	38.46 b	42.20 d
	MBWI-N10.5	60.18 b	67.75 b	74.54 b	42.56 a	51.73 a
	WL-N10.5	56.32 c	69.67 a	77.30 a	39.52 b	48.78 b
IR45765-3B	MBWI-N13	66.17 a	63.67 c	68.46 c	36.66 b	44.73 b
	WL-N13	63.40 b	65.99 b	69.16 bc	34.09 c	41.76 c
	MBWI-N10.5	63.67 b	64.98 b	71.73 b	37.44 a	50.00 a
	WL-N10.5	60.85 c	70.18 a	75.18 a	36.16 b	44.94 b

减氮和增氧灌溉对水稻产量和氮素利用的影响

Effects of Nitrogen-reducing and Oxygen-increasing Irrigation on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

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