叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对再生稻产量及品质的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7077 1

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】以叶面喷施的形式研究硒对再生稻产量及品质的影响,旨在为再生稻优质、高产栽培技术提供依据。【方法】试验于2016年在湖北省洪湖市沙口镇进行,以丰两优香1号为试验材料,Na₂SeO₃为供硒源;设置0、5.625和11.250 g/hm²三个硒肥施用量,始穗期、齐穗期和始+齐穗期三个施硒时期进行叶面喷施。【结果】叶面喷施Na₂SeO₃的处理再生稻产量均高于对照组,始穗期喷施Na₂SeO₃处理的再生稻产量与对照相比虽然有提升但并不显著;齐穗期施用5.625 g/hm²、11.250 g/hm²Na₂SeO₃处理分别增产2.59%和5.50%,始穗期+齐穗期施用5.625 g/hm²、11.250 g/hm²Na₂SeO₃处理分别增产4.83%和7.08%;始穗期与齐穗期均喷施11.250 g/hm²Na₂SeO₃处理产量最高,为5533 kg/hm²,叶面施用Na₂SeO₃能增加再生稻每穗粒数、实粒数和结实率。齐穗期施用11.250 g/hm²Na₂SeO₃的再生稻稻米整精米率最高,且显著高于对照组,最高值为61.37%;齐穗期施用11.250 g/hm²Na₂SeO₃的再生稻稻米垩白粒率最低,且显著低对照组,最低值为9.37%。【结论】研究表明,施用Na₂SeO₃能提升再生稻产量,改善再生稻米品质,提升再生稻整精米率,降低垩白率。始穗期与齐穗期均喷施11.250 g/hm² Na₂SeO₃再生稻产量达到最高;齐穗期施用11.250 g/hm² Na₂SeO₃再生稻品质最优。

关键词: 再生稻, 硒, 叶面喷施, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to reveal the effects of foliar application of selenium on the yield and quality of ratooning rice, which will lay a theoretical basis for high quality and high yield cultivation of ratooning rice.【Method】 The experiment was carried out at Shakou Town, Honghu City, Hubei Province in 2016 with Fengliangyouxiang1 as the experimental material and Na₂SeO₃ as selenium source. Foliar spray of Na₂SeO₃ was conducted in the initial heading stage, full heading stage, and initial heading date+full heading date at 0g/hm², 5.625g/hm², and 11.250g/hm².【Result】 The foliar application of Na₂SeO₃ increased the yield of ratooning rice with no significant difference between the control and the treatment with Na₂SeO₃spraying in initial heading stage. Na₂SeO₃spray during the full heading date at 5.625g/hm² and 11.250g/hm² increased the rationing rice yield by 2.59% and 5.50%, respectively, foliar spraying of 5.625g/hm² and 11.250g/hm²Na₂SeO₃ duning initial heading date and full heading date increased the yield by 4.83% and 7.08%, respectively. The suitable dosage was 11.250g/hm² for initial heading date and heading date, with the highest yield of 5533.33kg/hm². The foliar application of Na₂SeO₃ increased yield by increasing grain number, filled grain number and seed setting rate. The foliar application of Na₂SeO₃ can improve the quality of ratooning rice. The suitable dosage was 11.250g/hm² for full heading date. The spraying of selenium fertilizer improved quality by increasing whole polished rice rate, and reduced the chalky grain rate. At the full heading date, under foliar spraying of 11.250g/hm²Na₂SeO₃ the whole polished rice rate was the highest(61.37%) and the chalky grain rate was the lowest (9.37%).【Conclusion】 The results showed that the application of Na₂SeO₃ could improve the yield and quality of ratooning rice. The yield of ratooning rice peaked during initial heading date and full heading date at 11.250g/hm² Na₂SeO₃; ratooning rice had the best quality at 11.250g/hm² Na₂SeO₃ in the full heading date.

Key words: ratooning rice, selenium, foliar application, yield, quality

中图分类号:

段门俊, 田玉聪, 吴芸紫, 金涛, 陈阜, 刘章勇. 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对再生稻产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 32(1): 96-102.

Menjun DUAN, Yucong TIAN, Yunzi WU, Tao JIN, Fu CHEN, Zhangyong LIU. Effect of Foliar Application of Na₂SeO₃ on the Yield and Quality of Ratooning Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 32(1): 96-102.

图/表 6

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处理 Treatment	叶面喷施时期 Foliar application date	Na₂SeO₃施用量 Dosage of Na₂SeO₃/(g·hm^-2)
RSe₁	始穗期 Initial heading date	5.625
RSe₂	齐穗期 Full heading date	5.625
RSe₃	始穗期 Initial heading date	11.250
RSe₄	齐穗期 Full heading date	11.250
RSe₅	始穗期+齐穗期 Initial heading date plus full heading date	5.625
RSe₆	始穗期+齐穗期 Initial heading date plus full heading date	11.250
CK₁	始穗期 Initial heading date	0
CK₂	齐穗期 Full heading date	0
CK₃	始穗期+齐穗期 Initial heading date plus heading date	0

处理 Treatment	叶面喷施时期 Foliar application date	Na₂SeO₃施用量 Dosage of Na₂SeO₃/(g·hm^-2)
RSe₁	始穗期 Initial heading date	5.625
RSe₂	齐穗期 Full heading date	5.625
RSe₃	始穗期 Initial heading date	11.250
RSe₄	齐穗期 Full heading date	11.250
RSe₅	始穗期+齐穗期 Initial heading date plus full heading date	5.625
RSe₆	始穗期+齐穗期 Initial heading date plus full heading date	11.250
CK₁	始穗期 Initial heading date	0
CK₂	齐穗期 Full heading date	0
CK₃	始穗期+齐穗期 Initial heading date plus heading date	0

因素 Factor	有效穗数 Effective panicle number	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	实粒数 Filled grain number	结实率 Seeding setting rate	千粒重 1000-grain weight	产量 Actual yield
时期Date	0.918	0.012	0.001	0.157	0.928	0.070
施用量Dosage	0.141	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.027	0.002
时期×施用量Date × Dosage	0.897	0.004	0.004	0.114	0.128	0.123

因素 Factor	有效穗数 Effective panicle number	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	实粒数 Filled grain number	结实率 Seeding setting rate	千粒重 1000-grain weight	产量 Actual yield
时期Date	0.918	0.012	0.001	0.157	0.928	0.070
施用量Dosage	0.141	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.027	0.002
时期×施用量Date × Dosage	0.897	0.004	0.004	0.114	0.128	0.123

处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle number /(×10⁴/hm²)	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	实粒数 Filled grain number per panicle	结实率 Seeding setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	实际产量 Actual yield /(kg·hm^-2)
RSe₁	340.74±78.13 a	70.30±2.73 bc	57.64±2.67 bc	82.01±0.74 bc	28.61±0.52 ab	5200.00±69.67 b
RSe₂	348.03±52.69 a	69.83±3.58 bc	59.43±1.15 bc	85.15±2.04 a	28.81±0.17 a	5283.33±65.67 b
RSe₃	346.80±57.54 a	68.70±3.66 bc	58.07±1.90 bc	84.54±2.50 ab	28.16±0.45 ab	5300.00±38.33 b
RSe₄	351.91±73.08 a	72.35±3.50 b	61.15±2.19 b	84.51±1.26 ab	28.31±0.25 ab	5433.33±76.56 a
RSe₅	341.27±92.60 a	70.55±2.73 bc	59.70±2.16 bc	84.63±0.29 ab	28.53±0.47 ab	5416.67±58.67 a
RSe₆	353.77±67.21 a	77.15±2.70 a	66.62±3.14 a	86.33±1.49 a	27.99±0.44 b	5533.33±91.33 a
CK₁	343.44±79.01 a	68.41±2.71 bc	55.93±3.25 c	81.76±1.97 bc	28.26±0.51 ab	5180.66±82.56 b
CK₂	341.33±81.02 a	67.88±3.85 bc	54.49±4.18 c	80.87±2.30 c	27.99±0.21 b	5150.00±91.33 b
CK₃	338.89±90.52 a	67.38±2.15 bc	56.83±2.17 bc	81.33±2.17 c	28.68±0.61 ab	5167.33±79.67 b