水稻分蘖角基因TAC1的育种应用价值分析

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.7100

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分蘖角度是水稻重要株型性状,合理的分蘖角度是培育理想株型、达到高产育种的一个关键因素。【方法】以控制水稻分蘖角度增大的显性主效数量基因TAC1为研究对象,构建不同品种背景下的TAC1近等基因系,通过单本栽插、多本栽插/高产栽培以及纹枯病菌接种鉴定,分析TAC1对其他农艺性状、纹枯病抗性、产量及品质的影响。【结果】同一背景近等基因系之间比较,TAC1使水稻品系分蘖角度增加,有利于减轻纹枯病危害,对其他农艺性状无不利影响。在高产栽培条件下,不同背景TAC1系有效穗数均多于tac1系;籼稻特青背景下,TAC1系结实率、千粒重及单株产量均高于tac1系;美国稻Lemont背景下,TAC1系结实率、千粒重及单株产量均低于tac1系;粳稻武陵粳1号、镇稻88背景下,TAC1系结实率和千粒重均略低于tac1系,单株产量略高于tac1系,差异不显著。加工及外观品质方面,特青TAC1系优于tac1系,武陵粳1号、镇稻88以及Lemont背景TAC1系较tac1系有劣化趋势,差异均不显著。【结论】叶片较长的籼稻品种,适宜的分蘖角度范围较窄,叶片较小的粳稻品种,适宜的分蘖角度范围较宽。适当增加水稻品种的分蘖角度,有利于减轻纹枯病危害。TAC1可用于株型紧凑型籼稻品种及粳稻品种的株型改良。

关键词: 分蘖角度, 理想株型, 纹枯病, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】Rice tiller angle is an important plant-type trait. The appropriate tiller angle is generally a critical factor in developing ideal-type high-yielding rice variety. 【Methods】Effects of tiller angle controlling gene TAC1 on agronomic traits, sheath blight resistance, grain yield and quality were investigated under conditions of one-plant one-point and multi-plants one-point transplantation by using four pairs of near isogenic lines(NILs) at TAC1 gene.【Results】TAC1 increased rice tiller angle in all the genetic backgrounds tested, which is beneficial for reducing adverse impacts of sheath blight, without affecting other agronomical traits. Under high-yielding cultivation condition of multi-plant one-point transplantation, numbers of effective panicles in all the NILs with TAC1 were apparently higher than those of corresponding NILs with tac1. In the background of indica rice Teqing, the seed-setting rate, 1000-grain weight and plant yield of Teqing-TAC1 line were all higher than those of Teqing-tac1 line; however, the reverse results were obtained in the background of Lemont. In backgrounds of Wulingjing 1 and Zhendao 88, NILs with TAC1 gene displayed slightly grain yield than those with tac1 gene. The grain processing and appearance qualities of Teqing-TAC1 line were slightly improved compared to the corresponding control, while other TAC1-harboring NILs showed just the reverse with statistically insignificant difference. 【Conclusions】The indica rice with long leaf has a narrow range of appropriate tiller angles but for japonica rice with short leaf, the range is wider. Increasing rice tiller angle to an extent is beneficial for reducing sheath blight influence. TAC1 improves the plant type of japonica rice as well as the compact type indica rice.

Key words: tiller angle, ideal-type plant, sheath blight, grain yield

中图分类号:

陈宗祥, 冯志明, 王龙平, 冯凡, 张亚芳, 马玉银, 潘学彪, 左示敏. 水稻分蘖角基因TAC1的育种应用价值分析[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(6): 590-598.

Zongxiang CHEN, Zhiming FENG, Longping WANG, Fan FENG, Yafang ZHANG, Yuyin MA, Xuebiao PAN, Shimin ZUO. Breeding Potential of Rice TAC1 Gene for Tiller Angle[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(6): 590-598.

图/表 8

参考文献 24

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材料 Material		分蘖角 Tiller angle/°	播始历期 Heading date/d	株高 Plant height/cm
特青-TAC1 Teqing-TAC1 5		17.8±0.3 cd	97.0±0.0 d	105.1±0.7 a
特青-tac1 Teqing-tac1		9.4±0.3 f	96.5±0.7 d	103.0±0.1 ab
IR24-TAC1		14.8±0.8 de	94.0±0.0 e	89.4±0.4 f
IR24-TAC1Ri		10.0±0.6 f	89.0±0.0 h	95.3±2.1 cde
Lemont-TAC1		39.1±0.1 a	106.0±0.7 b	92.8±3.9 def
Lemont-tac1		19.9±0.2 c	105.5±0.0 b	92.4±0.4 ef
日本晴-TAC1ox Nipponbare-TAC1ox		32.4±3.4 b	93.0±0.0 f	93.6±0.7 def
日本晴-tac1 Nipponbare-tac1		12.2±0.8 ef	90.0±0.0 g	97.7±0.6 bcde
武陵粳1号-TAC1 Wulingjing 1-TAC1		32.1±1.3 b	109.0±0.0 a	97.7±3.1 bcd
武陵粳1号-tac1 Wulingjing 1-tac1		19.4±0.6 c	109.0±0.0 a	100.5±4.9 abc
镇稻88-TAC1 Zhendao 88-TAC1		33.7±3.9 b	100.5±0.7 c	95.8±1.0 cde
镇稻88-tac1 Zhendao 88-tac1		20.0±0.7 c	101.0±0.0 c	93.8±1.2 def
遗传背景 Genetic background
F值 F-value	73.91		1604.68	15.30
P值 P-value	0		0	1.0×10^-4
TAC1基因型 TAC1 genotype
F值 F-value	373.55		70.71	1.85
P值 P-value	0		0	0.20

材料 Material		分蘖角 Tiller angle/°	播始历期 Heading date/d	株高 Plant height/cm
特青-TAC1 Teqing-TAC1 5		17.8±0.3 cd	97.0±0.0 d	105.1±0.7 a
特青-tac1 Teqing-tac1		9.4±0.3 f	96.5±0.7 d	103.0±0.1 ab
IR24-TAC1		14.8±0.8 de	94.0±0.0 e	89.4±0.4 f
IR24-TAC1Ri		10.0±0.6 f	89.0±0.0 h	95.3±2.1 cde
Lemont-TAC1		39.1±0.1 a	106.0±0.7 b	92.8±3.9 def
Lemont-tac1		19.9±0.2 c	105.5±0.0 b	92.4±0.4 ef
日本晴-TAC1ox Nipponbare-TAC1ox		32.4±3.4 b	93.0±0.0 f	93.6±0.7 def
日本晴-tac1 Nipponbare-tac1		12.2±0.8 ef	90.0±0.0 g	97.7±0.6 bcde
武陵粳1号-TAC1 Wulingjing 1-TAC1		32.1±1.3 b	109.0±0.0 a	97.7±3.1 bcd
武陵粳1号-tac1 Wulingjing 1-tac1		19.4±0.6 c	109.0±0.0 a	100.5±4.9 abc
镇稻88-TAC1 Zhendao 88-TAC1		33.7±3.9 b	100.5±0.7 c	95.8±1.0 cde
镇稻88-tac1 Zhendao 88-tac1		20.0±0.7 c	101.0±0.0 c	93.8±1.2 def
遗传背景 Genetic background
F值 F-value	73.91		1604.68	15.30
P值 P-value	0		0	1.0×10^-4
TAC1基因型 TAC1 genotype
F值 F-value	373.55		70.71	1.85
P值 P-value	0		0	0.20

变异来源 Source of variance	自由度 df	均方 MS	F值 F-value	P值 P-value
区组 Plot	2	0.0033	0.0561	0.9456
遗传背景 Genetic background(GB)	5	4.1462	69.5545	0
TAC1基因型 TAC1 genotype(TAC1)	1	2.5440	42.6770	0
GB×TAC1	5	0.1544	2.5904	0.0547
误差 Error	22	0.0596
总变异 Total	35

变异来源 Source of variance	自由度 df	均方 MS	F值 F-value	P值 P-value
区组 Plot	2	0.0033	0.0561	0.9456
遗传背景 Genetic background(GB)	5	4.1462	69.5545	0
TAC1基因型 TAC1 genotype(TAC1)	1	2.5440	42.6770	0
GB×TAC1	5	0.1544	2.5904	0.0547
误差 Error	22	0.0596
总变异 Total	35

材料	纹枯病病级	5%显著水平	1%极显著水平
Material	Sheath blight disease rating	5% significance level	1% significance level
特青-TAC1 Teqing-TAC1 5	5.63±0.14	f	E
特青-tac1 Teqing-tac1	6.78±0.15	d	CD
IR24-TAC1	7.53±0.10	ab	AB
IR24-TAC1Ri	7.84±0.09	a	A
Lemont-TAC1	7.10±0.18	bcd	BC
Lemont-tac1	7.63±0.13	a	AB
日本晴-TAC1ox Nipponbare-TAC1ox	5.36±0.31	f	E
日本晴-tac1 Nipponbare-tac1	5.62±0.42	f	E
武陵粳1号-TAC1 Wulingjing 1-TAC1	7.05±0.21	cd	BC
武陵粳1号-tac1 Wulingjing 1-tac1	7.47±0.41	abc	AB
镇稻88-TAC1 Zhendao 88-TAC1	6.27±0.15	e	D
镇稻88-tac1 Zhendao 88-tac1	6.79±0.20	d	CD