中国水稻科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 436-446.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.8084

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

机插同步一次性精量施肥对双季稻养分累积及利用率的影响

钟雪梅1, 黄铁平2, 彭建伟1,*(), 卢文璐3, 康兴蓉1, 孙梦飞1, 宋思明4, 唐启源1, 陈裕新5, 湛冬至3, 周旋6,*()   

  1. 1湖南农业大学 资源环境学院, 长沙 410128
    2湖南省农业委员会, 长沙 410005
    3汨罗市农业局, 湖南 汨罗 414400
    4湖南龙舟农机股份有限公司, 湖南 汨罗 414400
    5湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司, 湖南 岳阳 414300
    6湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-16 修回日期:2019-07-09 出版日期:2019-09-10 发布日期:2019-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 彭建伟,周旋
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFD200703-3);国家水稻产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-01-26)

Effects of Machine-transplanting Synchronized with One-time Precision Fertilization on Nutrient Uptake and Use Efficiency of Double Cropping Rice

Xuemei ZHONG1, Tieping HUANG2, Jianwei PENG1,*(), Wenlu LU3, Xingrong KANG1, Mengfei SUN1, Siming SONG4, Qiyuan TANG1, Yuxin CHEN5, Dongzhi ZHAN3, Xuan ZHOU6,*()   

  1. 1College of Resource 8L Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
    2Hunan Provincial Agricultural Committee, Changsha 410005, China
    3Miluo Agricultural Bureau, Miluo 414400, China
    4Hunan Dragon Boat Agricultural Machinery Co. Ltd., Miluo 414400, China
    5Hunan Jinyezhongwang Technology Co. Ltd., Yueyang 414300, China
    6Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China
  • Received:2018-07-16 Revised:2019-07-09 Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-09-10
  • Contact: Jianwei PENG, Xuan ZHOU

摘要:

【目的】 为保证水稻施肥的准确性,揭示水稻机插与同步一次性侧深减量施肥的养分利用特征,为机插双季稻的氮(N)肥高效利用提供依据。【方法】 在典型双季稻种植区,以测土配方施肥量为依据,结合精量施肥机,2017-2018年研究机插同步一次性精量施肥对双季稻养分吸收和利用的影响。【结果】 与常规施肥处理相比,机插同步一次性减N 10%~30%处理早稻N、P、K累积量分别提高7.9%~11.7%、9.4%~25.9%和2.0%~6.5%(2017),8.2%~15.0%、9.0%~12.1%和14.0%~18.1%(2018);晚稻分别提高-0.6%~5.7%、9.1%~14.4%和3.7%~19.6%(2017),6.1%~8.5%、9.4%~19.3%和18.7%~22.2%(2018);早稻N肥吸收利用率(NRE)、N肥农学利用率(NAE)、N肥偏生产力(NPFP)分别提高38.6%~92.7%、49.9%~103.6%和29.5%~71.7%(2017),35.4%~71.4%、46.0%~98.4%和20.7%~75.4%(2018);晚稻分别提高20.8%~43.1%、31.3%~64.2%和18.3%~48.5% (2017),26.8%~99.1%、60.0%~82.9%和26.6%~60.5%(2018)。其中,早晚稻以减N 20%~30%处理效果较好。水稻机插同步一次性精量施肥随着施N量的降低,双季稻NRE先增加后降低,NHI、NAE和NPFP呈上升趋势,而土壤碱解氮含量呈下降趋势。【结论】通过施肥技术和机插模式的集成与优化,能有效减少稻田N肥施入,利于N、P、K吸收积累,同步提高双季稻的产量和N肥利用效率。

关键词: 双季稻, 机插稻, 侧深施肥, 养分累积, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】 Our aim is to ensure the precision in rice fertilization, and to reveal the nutrient utilization characteristics of machine-transplanted rice under one-time, one-side deep fertilization with reduced nitrogen (N) application level and to improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency for double-cropping rice. 【Method】Field experiments (2017-2018) were conducted using soil-tested formulated fertilization with precise fertilizer distributor to study the effects of one-time precision fertilization on nutrient absorption and utilization of double-cropping rice system in typical growing regions, and to investigate the relationships between nutrient contents and yield.【Result】As compared with conventional fertilization treatment, the accumulations of N, P, K in machine-transplanted early rice under one-time N application rate (reduced by 10%-30%) increased by 7.9%-11.7%, 9.4%-25.9% and 2.0%-6.5% in 2017, 8.2%-15.0%, 6.9%-14.1% and 13.9%-16.7% in 2018, in late rice by -0.6%-5.7%, 9.1%-14.4% and 3.7%-19.6% in 2017, 6.1%-8.5%, 9.4%-19.3% and 18.7%-22.2% in 2018, and N recovery efficiency (NRE), N agronomic efficiency (NAE) and N partial factor productivity (NPFP) in early rice by 38.6%-92.7%, 49.9%-103.6% and 29.49%-103.6% in 2017, 36.9%-85.1%, 46.0%-98.4% and 20.7%-75.4% in 2018, and NRE, NAE, NPFP in late rice by 20.8%-43.1%, 31.3%-64.2% and 18.3%-48.5% in 2017, 26.8%-99.1%, 60.0%-82.9% and 26.6%-60.5% in 2018. The optimum treatment was obtained with a reduction of 20%-30% in N application rate.With the reduction of N application rate, NRE of double-cropping rice first increased then reduced, while NHI, NAE and NPFP were on the rise, and soil alkali-hydrolyzale N declined. 【Conclusion】The integration and optimization of fertilization technology and machine-transplanted technique can effectively reduce N application rate, facilitating N, P, K accumulation and utilization, which is conducive to raise grain yield and N use efficiency of double-cropping rice.

Key words: double cropping rice, machine-transplanted rice, deep fertilization, nutrient uptake, nitrogen use efficiency

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