籼型杂交稻恢复系动态株型与光能利用率评价

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.0207

中国水稻科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 141-154.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.0207

籼型杂交稻恢复系动态株型与光能利用率评价

王丰^*^,^#(), 廖亦龙^#, 柳武革, 刘迪林, 曾学勤, 傅友强, 朱满山, 李金华, 付崇允, 马晓智, 霍兴

广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻新技术育种重点实验室,广州 510640

收稿日期:2020-02-24 修回日期:2020-09-27 出版日期:2021-03-10 发布日期:2021-03-10
通讯作者: 王丰
作者简介:
^#共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFD0100102);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-18);广东省重点领域研发计划资助项目(2018B020202004);广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项(高水平农科院建设项目);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目

Evaluation of Dynamic Plant Type and Radiation Use Efficiency of indica Hybrid Rice Restorer Lines

Feng WANG^*^,^#(), Yilong LIAO^#, Wuge LIU, Diling LIU, Xueqing ZENG, Youqiang FU, Manshan ZHU, Jinhua LI, Chongyun FU, Xiaozhi MA, Xing HUO

Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology for Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China

Received:2020-02-24 Revised:2020-09-27 Online:2021-03-10 Published:2021-03-10
Contact: Feng WANG
About author:
^#These authors contributed equally to this work

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】理想株型是水稻高产稳产的前提。本研究拟对不同年代育成的籼型三系杂交稻恢复系动态株型与光能利用效率进行综合评价,探讨恢复系光能高效利用的理想动态株型特征,为提高光能高效利用的高产稳产杂交稻育种效率提供理论依据。【方法】以明恢63、明恢82、蜀恢527、广恢998、广恢122、广恢128、广恢308和桂99等8个大面积应用的籼型杂交稻恢复系为供试材料,在华南生态条件下考查了其分蘖、叶面积指数(LAI)、透光率、叶片大小与开张角、叶色(SPAD值)等性状的动态变化,以及抽穗期光合速率、生育期、产量相关性状和光能利用率(RUE)等指标。【结果】各恢复系之间在株型动态变化、产量和光能利用率(RUE)等方面存在较大差异。良好的动态株型与光能利用率密切相关,最为接近华南生态条件下理想动态株型的广恢998和广恢308,光能利用率最高。根据聚类分析,广恢998、广恢308和明恢82属于光能高效利用的类群Ⅰ。其他恢复系归为类群Ⅱ。最后,根据华南的光温生态特点,提出了水稻光能高效利用的理想动态株型模式及育种选择关键指标：1)移栽后分蘖和叶面积发展快,LAI达到1.0的时间≤27 d;茎蘖数达到峰值所需时间≤38 d,分蘖力中等,最高茎蘖数≤600苗/m²;2)前期窄叶长披,移栽后15 d顶部3片完全叶平均长度为37 cm,平均宽度≤0.9 cm,开张角度≥80°;后期叶片窄直,抽穗后20 d顶部倒3叶平均开张角≤65°,平均长度为43 cm,平均宽度≤1.3 cm,属于中叶型,有利于后期群体通风透光;3)后期叶片转色好,不早衰,SPAD值维持在35~40,抽穗前20 d至抽穗后20 d之间的叶片SPAD值降幅≤13%;普通栽培条件下平均每穗总粒数180粒左右,有效穗数300穗/m²以上,结实率≥85%。【结论】广恢998和广恢308具有较为理想的动态株型和较高RUE,利用其配制的杂交稻天优998、博优998和五优308等连续多年成为我国华南稻区主导品种和国家与省级区试对照品种。说明通过选育光能高效利用的理想动态株型恢复系,是组配选育高产稳产杂交稻行之有效的重要途径。

关键词: 籼型杂交水稻, 恢复系, 动态株型, 光能高效利用, 双季稻区, 华南

Abstract:

【Objective】A restorer (R) line with ideal dynamic plant type (DPT) is the premise of hybrid rice breeding with high and stable yield. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the DPT and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of the R lines bred in different periods, and investigate the characteristics of ideal DPT for efficient utilization of light energy, and lay a theoretical basis for breeding of high-yielding hybrid rice with high RUE. 【Method】A field experiment was conducted under the ecological conditions of South China with eight widely and commercially used R lines of indica hybrid rice Minghui 63, Minghui 82, Shuhui 527, Guanghui 998, Guanghui 308, Guanghui 128, Guanghui 122 and Gui 99 as material. The dynamic changes of tiller number, leaf area index (LAI), light transmittance of the population, leaf size, leaf angle and leaf color (SPAD value), as well as the photosynthetic rate in the heading stage, heading date, yield related traits and RUE were measured. 【Result】There existed significant difference in dynamic changes of plant type, yield and RUE among the restorer lines. Ideal DPT was closely related to RUE. With the most ideal DPT under the ecological conditions of South China, Guanghui 998, Guanghui 308 and Minghui 82 had the highest RUE. According to the cluster analysis, Guanghui 998, Guanghui 308 and Minghui 82 were classified into ClusterⅠwith high RUE, and the other five restorers fallen into ClusterⅡ. Finally, based on the ecological conditions in South China, an ideal DPT model of rice for efficient utilization of light energy was proposed. And the key indicators of breeding and selection were as follows: a) The tiller number and leaf area increased rapidly after transplanting; it cost less than 27 d to make LAI≥1.0, and less than 38 d to peak tiller number with moderate tillering ability, and the highest tiller number less than 600/m²; b) Narrow, droopy and long leaves in the early stage. On 15 days after transplanting, the average length, width and opening angle of the top three complete leaves were about 37 cm, ≤0.9 cm and ≥80°, respectively; narrow and straight leaf in late stage; on the 20th day after heading, the average opening angle, length and width of the top three leaves were ≤65°, 43 cm and ≤1.3 cm, respectively, belonging to medium sized leaf type. c) In the late stage, the leaf color turned from green to orange or yellowish gradually without premature senescence. The SPAD values ranged from 35 to 40, the decrease of SPAD value between 20 days before heading and 20 days after heading was less than 13%; the average number of grains per panicle was about 180 with the number of effective panicles more than 300 / m²and seed setting rate≥85%. 【Conclusion】Guanghui 998 and Guanghui 308 have better DPT and higher RUE. The hybrid rice Tianyou 998, Boyou 998 and Wuyou 308 derived from these restor lines, have become the leading rice varieties for many years in southern China. Breeding hybrid rice with high and stable yield through the developing of R lines with ideal DPT and high RUE is an effective and important way.

Key words: indica hybrid rice, restorer line, radiation use efficiency, dynamic plant type, double rice-cropping region, South China

王丰, 廖亦龙, 柳武革, 刘迪林, 曾学勤, 傅友强, 朱满山, 李金华, 付崇允, 马晓智, 霍兴. 籼型杂交稻恢复系动态株型与光能利用率评价[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(2): 141-154.

Feng WANG, Yilong LIAO, Wuge LIU, Diling LIU, Xueqing ZENG, Youqiang FU, Manshan ZHU, Jinhua LI, Chongyun FU, Xiaozhi MA, Xing HUO. Evaluation of Dynamic Plant Type and Radiation Use Efficiency of indica Hybrid Rice Restorer Lines[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(2): 141-154.

图/表 9

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类型 Type	恢复系 R line	育成单位 Developed by	组配的代表性杂交稻 Derivative hybrid rice combination
一季中稻恢复系 Restorer lines for single-season hybrid rice	蜀恢527 Shuhui 527	四川农业大学 Sichuan Agricultural University	D优527、II优527 D you 527, II you 527
一季中稻恢复系 Restorer lines for single-season hybrid rice	明恢63 Minghui 63	福建省三明市农业科学研究所 Sanming Agricultural Science Research Institute, Fujian Province	汕优63 Shanyou 63
华南双季杂交稻恢复系 Restorer lines for double- cropping hybrid rice in South China	明恢82 Minghui 82		汕优82 Shanyou 82
	广恢998 Guanghui 998	广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	博优998、天优998 Boyou 998, Tianyou 998
	广恢122 Guanghui 122		优优122、天优122 Youyou 122, Tianyou 122
	广恢128 Guanghui 128		优优128、II优128 Youyou 128, II you 128
	广恢308 Guanghui 308		五优308 Wuyou 308
	桂99 Gui 99	广西区农业科学院水稻研究所 Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	汕优桂99、博优桂99 Shanyougui 99, Boyougui 99

类型 Type	恢复系 R line	育成单位 Developed by	组配的代表性杂交稻 Derivative hybrid rice combination
一季中稻恢复系 Restorer lines for single-season hybrid rice	蜀恢527 Shuhui 527	四川农业大学 Sichuan Agricultural University	D优527、II优527 D you 527, II you 527
一季中稻恢复系 Restorer lines for single-season hybrid rice	明恢63 Minghui 63	福建省三明市农业科学研究所 Sanming Agricultural Science Research Institute, Fujian Province	汕优63 Shanyou 63
华南双季杂交稻恢复系 Restorer lines for double- cropping hybrid rice in South China	明恢82 Minghui 82		汕优82 Shanyou 82
	广恢998 Guanghui 998	广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	博优998、天优998 Boyou 998, Tianyou 998
	广恢122 Guanghui 122		优优122、天优122 Youyou 122, Tianyou 122
	广恢128 Guanghui 128		优优128、II优128 Youyou 128, II you 128
	广恢308 Guanghui 308		五优308 Wuyou 308
	桂99 Gui 99	广西区农业科学院水稻研究所 Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	汕优桂99、博优桂99 Shanyougui 99, Boyougui 99

恢复系 Restorer line	前期Early stage			中期Middle stage			后期Late stage
恢复系 Restorer line	17 DAT	22 DAT	27 DAT	31 DAT	15 DBH	54 DAT	71 DAT	85 DAT	20 DAH
明恢63 Minghui 63	0.86±0.06 a	1.31±0.03	1.77±0.09	2.13±0.10 a	4.32±0.06 a	4.93±0.08 a	5.13±0.72 a	4.72±0.55 a	4.72±0.55 a
明恢82 Minghui 82	0.40±0.07 bc	0.64±0.03	0.89±0.05	1.08±0.10 cd	2.21±0.07 c	3.67±0.16 c	4.61±0.47 ab	3.56±0.5 bc	4.21±0.36 ab
广恢998 Guanghui 998	0.51±0.12 b	0.80±0.12	1.10±0.14	1.33±0.16 c	2.69±0.22 bc	4.45±0.29 b	3.83±0.15 c	3.34±0.80 bc	3.64±0.24 bc
广恢122 Guanghui 122	0.28±0.04 c	0.53±0.05	0.78±0.05	0.99±0.06 d	2.60±0.13 bc	3.83±0.18 c	3.73±0.62 c	3.74±0.42 bc	3.74±0.50 bc
广恢128 Guanghui 128	0.36±0.10 bc	0.86±0.07	1.35±0.03	1.75±0.01 b	3.02±0.06 b	4.19±0.11 b	4.19±0.25 bc	3.60±0.13 bc	3.87±0.13 bc
广恢308 Guanghui 308	0.38±0.12 bc	0.73±0.06	1.07±0.24	1.35±0.29 c	2.27±0.26 c	4.36±0.31 b	3.54± 0.58 c	3.13±0.66 c	3.45±0.60 c
桂99 Gui 99	0.23±0.13 c	0.51±0.11	0.78±0.15	1.00±0.18 d	2.54±0.06 c	4.21±0.12 b	4.14±0.51 bc	3.42±0.22 bc	3.81±0.27 bc
蜀恢527 Shuhui 527	0.31 ±0.15 c	0.67±0.18	1.02±0.21	1.31±0.23 c	3.46±0.19 b	4.40±0.25 b	4.74±0.75 ab	3.97±0.90 b	4.09±0.88 b

恢复系 Restorer line	前期Early stage			中期Middle stage			后期Late stage
恢复系 Restorer line	17 DAT	22 DAT	27 DAT	31 DAT	15 DBH	54 DAT	71 DAT	85 DAT	20 DAH
明恢63 Minghui 63	0.86±0.06 a	1.31±0.03	1.77±0.09	2.13±0.10 a	4.32±0.06 a	4.93±0.08 a	5.13±0.72 a	4.72±0.55 a	4.72±0.55 a
明恢82 Minghui 82	0.40±0.07 bc	0.64±0.03	0.89±0.05	1.08±0.10 cd	2.21±0.07 c	3.67±0.16 c	4.61±0.47 ab	3.56±0.5 bc	4.21±0.36 ab
广恢998 Guanghui 998	0.51±0.12 b	0.80±0.12	1.10±0.14	1.33±0.16 c	2.69±0.22 bc	4.45±0.29 b	3.83±0.15 c	3.34±0.80 bc	3.64±0.24 bc
广恢122 Guanghui 122	0.28±0.04 c	0.53±0.05	0.78±0.05	0.99±0.06 d	2.60±0.13 bc	3.83±0.18 c	3.73±0.62 c	3.74±0.42 bc	3.74±0.50 bc
广恢128 Guanghui 128	0.36±0.10 bc	0.86±0.07	1.35±0.03	1.75±0.01 b	3.02±0.06 b	4.19±0.11 b	4.19±0.25 bc	3.60±0.13 bc	3.87±0.13 bc
广恢308 Guanghui 308	0.38±0.12 bc	0.73±0.06	1.07±0.24	1.35±0.29 c	2.27±0.26 c	4.36±0.31 b	3.54± 0.58 c	3.13±0.66 c	3.45±0.60 c
桂99 Gui 99	0.23±0.13 c	0.51±0.11	0.78±0.15	1.00±0.18 d	2.54±0.06 c	4.21±0.12 b	4.14±0.51 bc	3.42±0.22 bc	3.81±0.27 bc
蜀恢527 Shuhui 527	0.31 ±0.15 c	0.67±0.18	1.02±0.21	1.31±0.23 c	3.46±0.19 b	4.40±0.25 b	4.74±0.75 ab	3.97±0.90 b	4.09±0.88 b

恢复系 Restorer line	前期Early stage	中期Middle stage	后期Late stage
恢复系 Restorer line	17 DAT	15 DBH	20 DAH
明恢63 Minghui 63	61.4±4.0 d	15.6±8.4 d	6.3±0.5 d
明恢82 Minghui 82	79.9±7.0 ab	31.7±1.9 a	6.9±1.0 d
广恢998 Guanghui 998	70.5±4.8 bc	25.8±2.5 bc	10.3±1.3 abc
广恢122 Guanghui 122	82.5±3.4 bc	27.3±5.9 ab	10.1±0.6 abc
广恢128 Guanghui 128	67.9±6.0 cd	23.7±2.8 bc	10.5±1.8 ab
广恢308 Guanghui 308	71.6±3.3 bc	26.9±4.5 b	11.5±0.4 a
桂99 Gui 99	80.9±6.7 a	28.0±5.5 ab	8.7±0.9 c
蜀恢527 Shuhui 527	75.2±11.1 abc	19.0±0.5 d	8.8±0.2 bc

籼型杂交稻恢复系动态株型与光能利用率评价

Evaluation of Dynamic Plant Type and Radiation Use Efficiency of indica Hybrid Rice Restorer Lines

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Metrics

恢复系 R line	移栽后15 d 3片完全叶 Top 3 complete leaves on 15DAT		抽穗后20 d顶部3叶 Top 3 leaves on 20DAH		抽穗后20 d剑叶 Flag leaf on 20 DAH
恢复系 R line	平均叶长 Mean length/cm	平均叶宽 Mean width/cm	平均叶长 Mean length/cm	平均叶宽 Mean width/cm	剑叶长 Leaf length/cm	剑叶宽 Leaf width/cm	剑叶面积 Leaf area/cm²
明恢63 Minghui 63	39.1	1.1	44.3	1.7	37.6	2.0	56.4
明恢82 Minghui 82	34.2	0.9	41.7	1.5	33.8	1.8	45.6
广恢998 Guanghui 998	36.7	0.8	44.0	1.3	39.6	1.5	44.6
广恢122 Guanghui 122	36.8	0.8	45.7	1.5	38.0	1.9	54.2
广恢128 Guanghui 128	33.5	0.9	42.6	1.4	33.3	1.7	42.5
广恢308 Guanghui 308	35.9	0.9	42.5	1.2	38.5	1.5	43.3
桂99 Gui 99	39.2	1.1	45.7	1.5	36.2	1.8	48.9
蜀恢527 Shuhui 527	38.6	1.1	51.0	1.5	42.1	1.8	56.8

恢复系 Restorer line	前期（移栽后20 d）Early stage(20 DAT)	抽穗后20 d 20 DAH
恢复系 Restorer line	顶部第3叶 Top 3rd leaf	剑叶 Flag leaf	倒2叶 Top 2nd leaf	倒3叶 Top 3rd leaf	平均 Mean
明恢63 Minghui 63	90.3	62.8	98.6	68.4	76.6
明恢82 Minghui 82	61.5	65.8	56.8	67.9	63.5
广恢998 Guanghui 998	85.8	64.1	72.4	66.6	67.7
广恢122 Guanghui 122	90.1	61.8	75.7	81.6	73.0
广恢128 Guanghui 128	82.2	67.8	71.3	62.7	67.3
广恢308 Guanghui 308	52.4	31.7	36.5	33.6	33.9
桂99 Gui 99	42.5	86.3	92.4	78.3	85.7
蜀恢527 Shuhui 527	65.3	89.1	86.5	79.0	84.8

恢复系 Restorer line	SPAD值（叶绿素含量）SPAD value(chlorophyll content)				抽穗期光合速率 Leaf photosynthetic rate at heading stage/(μmol·m^-2s^-1)
恢复系 Restorer line	始穗前第20天 20 DBH	抽穗期 Heading stage	始穗后第20天 20 DAH	变幅 Variance/%
明恢63 Minghui 63	37.2±1.1 e	38.7±0.6 c	31.6±4.1 cd	15.1	20.4±0.7 c
明恢82 Minghui 82	41.0±0.8 c	40.8±1.3 abc	35.5±2.0 bc	13.4	23.2±0.6 ab
广恢998 Guanghui 998	43.5±0.7 a	43.2±2.1 a	38.1±1.6 ab	12.0	23.8±0.1 a
广恢122 Guanghui 122	41.7±1.0 bc	40.9±0.6 bc	34.4±4.6 bc	17.7	22.0±0.6 abc
广恢128 Guanghui 128	42.6±0.1 ab	41.3±1.3 bc	32.8±0.8 bc	23.0	23.2±1.0 ab
广恢308 Guanghui 308	43.2±0.4 a	43.9±0.8 a	40.4±1.9 a	6.3	21.6±0.5 bc
桂99 Gui 99	43.5±0.7 a	42.6±0.3 ab	39.6±1.9 ab	9.0	20.7±0.8 cd
蜀恢527 Shuhui 527	39.6±0.3 d	38.8±0.8 d	30.1±6.2 d	20.7	21.5±0.8 bc

恢复系 R line	抽穗期 HD	生育期 GD/d	每穗总粒数 TGN	结实率 SSR/%	千粒重 TGW/g	有效穗数 EPN	稻谷产量 GY/(kg·m^-2)	光能利用率 RUE/%
明恢63 Minghui 63	06-12	135	123.0	84.7	27.2	195.0±13.1 bc	0.60±0.02 ab	0.411±0.017 bc
明恢82 Minghui 82	06-04	125	187.7	81.5	20.3	176.0±18.3 cd	0.57±0.03 abc	0.448±0.026 a
广恢998 Guanghui 998	06-04	125	159.2	84.8	19.9	228.0±26.2 a	0.61±0.02 a	0.479±0.018 a
广恢122 Guanghui 122	06-07	128	147.8	83.1	22.1	188.0±9.6 bc	0.53±0.00 cd	0.408±0.034 c
广恢128 Guanghui 128	06-06	127	146.1	72.4	21.1	222.0±19.7 ab	0.52±0.04 cd	0.405±0.015 c
广恢308 Guanghui 308	06-01	122	179.5	83.4	19.9	195.0±28.6 bc	0.56±0.01 bc	0.452±0.035 ab
桂99 Gui 99	06-05	126	164.3	80.1	24.0	162.0±26.2 cd	0.51±0.02 d	0.393±0.035 bc
蜀恢527 Shuhui 527	06-10	132	141.5	82.7	29.7	147.0±21.6 d	0.53±0.04 cd	0.384±0.012 c

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