中国水稻科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 155-165.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.0519
杨丞1, 汪洋1, 张万洋1, 叶廷红1, 鲁剑巍1, 张赓3, 李小坤1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2020-05-29
修回日期:
2020-12-07
出版日期:
2021-03-10
发布日期:
2021-03-10
通讯作者:
李小坤
基金资助:
Cheng YANG1, Yang WANG1, Wanyang ZHANG1, Tinghong YE1, Jianwei LU1, Geng ZHANG3, Xiaokun LI1,2,*()
Received:
2020-05-29
Revised:
2020-12-07
Online:
2021-03-10
Published:
2021-03-10
Contact:
Xiaokun LI
摘要:
【目的】明确灌溉模式与施氮量及其互作对水稻根系形态、茎蘖产量形成的影响,以期为水稻绿色生产及水肥高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用大田试验的方法,以两优287为材料,设置浸润式灌溉(W1)、常规灌溉(W2)和淹水灌溉(W3)三种灌水模式,不施氮(N0,0 kg/hm2)、常规施氮(N1,165.0 kg/hm2)和高氮(N2,247.5 kg /hm2)三个氮肥用量共9个处理。在水稻关键生育期取样,测定根系形态和活力、茎蘖动态、生物量和养分含量,研究灌溉模式与施氮量及其互作对水稻生长发育、产量、氮肥利用率和品质的影响。【结果】与W2处理相比,尽管W1处理水稻成穗率平均减少9.2%,但主茎、一次分蘖和二次分蘖的产量分别增加32.7%、18.1%和33.4%,总体产量平均增加18.5%;W3处理水稻成穗率平均减少5.0%,主茎、一次分蘖和二次分蘖的产量分别平均增加9.3%、2.0%和46.4%,总体产量无显著差异。与N0处理相比,各施氮处理的水稻成穗率平均增加6.1%,主茎和一次分蘖的产量分别平均增加8.1%和92.6%,二次分蘖产量平均增加0.57 t/hm2(N0处理无二次分蘖),总体产量平均增加88.0%。方差分析结果显示,灌溉模式与施氮量对茎蘖产量、总体产量及每穗粒数存在显著交互作用。此外,灌溉模式与施氮量对根系形态、根系活力、氮素吸收以及氮素干物质生产效率均产生了显著影响。方差分析结果显示,灌溉模式与施氮量对总根长、根体积、根尖数、根系伤流速度以及根、茎、叶、穗各器官生物量、群体生长速率等均存在显著交互作用。【结论】灌溉模式和施氮量显著影响水稻根系形态、分蘖形成及产量,且存在明显的交互作用。本试验条件下,浸润式灌溉模式下施用适量氮肥(165.0 kg/hm2)可在获得较高产量的同时提高水分和氮肥利用效率并改善稻米品质。
杨丞, 汪洋, 张万洋, 叶廷红, 鲁剑巍, 张赓, 李小坤. 灌溉模式与施氮量互作对水稻茎蘖产量形成的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(2): 155-165.
Cheng YANG, Yang WANG, Wanyang ZHANG, Tinghong YE, Jianwei LU, Geng ZHANG, Xiaokun LI. Effects of Interaction Between Irrigation Mode and Nitrogen Application Rate on the Yield Formation of Main Stem and Tillers of Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(2): 155-165.
灌溉模式 Irrigation mode | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 总根长 TRL/m | 根表面积 TRSA/(×103 cm2) | 根体积 TRV/cm3 | 根尖数 TRN/(×104) | 平均根直径 ARD/mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | N0 | 19.29±1.05 c | 0.88±0.05 d | 32.64±2.21 c | 0.53±0.02 e | 1.46±0.01 d |
N1 | 30.66±3.08 b | 1.35±0.09 c | 43.65±2.61 b | 1.01±0.14 cd | 2.85±0.35 b | |
N2 | 37.58±1.68 a | 2.03±0.16 a | 78.23±0.23 a | 1.15±0.05 bc | 3.73±0.35 a | |
W2 | N0 | 23.59±2.35 c | 0.90±0.09 d | 28.81±2.15 c | 0.77±0.14 de | 1.21±0.07 d |
N1 | 39.05±0.24 a | 1.69±0.22 b | 50.77±6.76 b | 1.00±0.01 cd | 2.24±0.16 c | |
N2 | 36.44±2.23 a | 2.03±0.08 a | 48.77±0.14 b | 1.62±0.20 a | 3.06±0.43 b | |
W3 | N0 | 37.59±3.31 a | 1.06±0.07 d | 26.91±2.31 c | 0.89±0.02 cd | 1.47±0.28 d |
N1 | 37.60±3.61 a | 1.63±0.18 b | 50.17±4.08 b | 1.06±0.06 c | 2.79±0.39 b | |
N2 | 29.87±3.87 b | 1.97±0.12 a | 47.64±7.95 b | 1.36±0.30 b | 3.19±0.43 b | |
F值 | W | 11.29** | 2.98 | 16.16** | 7.61** | 6.04* |
F-value | N | 30.35** | 154.95** | 117.35** | 47.75** | 89.60** |
W×N | 21.91** | 2.45 | 21.77** | 3.09* | 0.97 |
表1 灌溉模式与施氮量互作对水稻根系形态的影响
Table 1 Effects of interaction between irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate on root morphology of rice.
灌溉模式 Irrigation mode | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 总根长 TRL/m | 根表面积 TRSA/(×103 cm2) | 根体积 TRV/cm3 | 根尖数 TRN/(×104) | 平均根直径 ARD/mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | N0 | 19.29±1.05 c | 0.88±0.05 d | 32.64±2.21 c | 0.53±0.02 e | 1.46±0.01 d |
N1 | 30.66±3.08 b | 1.35±0.09 c | 43.65±2.61 b | 1.01±0.14 cd | 2.85±0.35 b | |
N2 | 37.58±1.68 a | 2.03±0.16 a | 78.23±0.23 a | 1.15±0.05 bc | 3.73±0.35 a | |
W2 | N0 | 23.59±2.35 c | 0.90±0.09 d | 28.81±2.15 c | 0.77±0.14 de | 1.21±0.07 d |
N1 | 39.05±0.24 a | 1.69±0.22 b | 50.77±6.76 b | 1.00±0.01 cd | 2.24±0.16 c | |
N2 | 36.44±2.23 a | 2.03±0.08 a | 48.77±0.14 b | 1.62±0.20 a | 3.06±0.43 b | |
W3 | N0 | 37.59±3.31 a | 1.06±0.07 d | 26.91±2.31 c | 0.89±0.02 cd | 1.47±0.28 d |
N1 | 37.60±3.61 a | 1.63±0.18 b | 50.17±4.08 b | 1.06±0.06 c | 2.79±0.39 b | |
N2 | 29.87±3.87 b | 1.97±0.12 a | 47.64±7.95 b | 1.36±0.30 b | 3.19±0.43 b | |
F值 | W | 11.29** | 2.98 | 16.16** | 7.61** | 6.04* |
F-value | N | 30.35** | 154.95** | 117.35** | 47.75** | 89.60** |
W×N | 21.91** | 2.45 | 21.77** | 3.09* | 0.97 |
图1 灌溉模式与施氮量互作对水稻根系伤流速度的影响图中数值为平均值±标准差(n=3);柱上标以不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著(Duncan)。*,**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上互作显著。下同。
Fig. 1. Effects of interaction between irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate on bleeding rate. Values are Mean±SD(n=3); values followed by different small letters are significantly different at P<0.05(Duncan). * Significant interaction at P<0.05; ** Significant interaction at P<0.01. The same as below.
生育时期 Growth stage | 灌溉模式 Irrigation regime | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 根系生物量 Root biomass /(t·hm-2) | 地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass/(t·hm-2) | 根冠比 Root-shoot ratio | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
茎Stem | 叶Leaf | 穗Panicle | |||||
拔节期 Jointing stage | W1 | N0 | 0.43±0.04 d | 1.13±0.07 c | 0.56±0.04 e | - | 0.26±0.02 e |
N1 | 0.66±0.04 c | 1.58±0.12 ab | 1.09±0.15 c | - | 0.25±0.01 e | ||
N2 | 0.96±0.03 b | 1.64±0.12 a | 1.31±0.19 ab | - | 0.33±0.03 cd | ||
W2 | N0 | 0.32±0.05 de | 0.59±0.05 d | 0.32±0.03 f | - | 0.35±0.03 c | |
N1 | 0.67±0.02 c | 1.35±0.16 bc | 0.89±0.01 d | - | 0.30±0.01 d | ||
N2 | 1.29±0.14 a | 1.61±0.02 a | 1.28±0.07 b | - | 0.45±0.04 a | ||
W3 | N0 | 0.27±0.02 e | 0.53±0.07 d | 0.31±0.04 f | - | 0.32±0.01 cd | |
N1 | 0.88±0.12 b | 1.70±0.25 a | 1.05±0.12 cd | - | 0.32±0.02 cd | ||
N2 | 1.32±0.16 a | 1.82±0.22 a | 1.46±0.12 a | - | 0.40±0.02 b | ||
F值 | W | 5.67* | 0.53 | 5.57* | - | 36.85** | |
F-value | N | 220.47** | 24.48** | 196.96** | - | 49.06** | |
W×N | 9.54** | 0.54 | 3.07* | - | 2.31 | ||
抽穗期 Heading stage | W1 | N0 | 0.55±0.07 d | 2.22±0.08 d | 0.71±0.07 e | 0.73±0.04 cd | 0.15±0.01 bc |
N1 | 0.92±0.11 c | 3.53±0.27 bc | 1.66±0.19 bc | 1.49±0.13 a | 0.14±0.01 cd | ||
N2 | 0.94±0.12 c | 3.52±0.50 bc | 1.77±0.09 b | 0.84±0.05 c | 0.15±0.01 b | ||
W2 | N0 | 0.49±0.00 d | 1.87±0.16 d | 0.52±0.01 e | 0.61±0.04 d | 0.16±0.01 ab | |
N1 | 1.12±0.04 b | 3.94±0.52 b | 1.47±0.20 cd | 1.31±0.15 a | 0.17±0.01 a | ||
N2 | 1.36±0.08 a | 4.52±0.28 a | 2.21±0.29 a | 1.43±0.19 a | 0.14±0.01 d | ||
W3 | N0 | 0.47±0.03 d | 1.68±0.05 d | 0.53±0.05 e | 0.58±0.06 d | 0.17±0.00 a | |
N1 | 0.83±0.08 c | 3.10±0.10 c | 1.32±0.04 d | 0.85±0.09 c | 0.16±0.01 ab | ||
N2 | 0.91±0.06 c | 3.26±0.24 c | 1.65±0.07 bc | 1.10±0.08 b | 0.15±0.00 bc | ||
F值 | W | 27.39** | 16.42** | 7.79** | 15.04** | 13.87** | |
F-value | N | 145.31** | 101.18** | 197.29** | 75.33** | 1.07 | |
W×N | 9.52** | 5.39** | 5.93** | 18.91** | 4.97** |
表2 灌溉模式与施氮量互作对水稻不同生育时期生物量的影响
Table 2 Effects of interaction between irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate on biomass at different growth stages of rice.
生育时期 Growth stage | 灌溉模式 Irrigation regime | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 根系生物量 Root biomass /(t·hm-2) | 地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass/(t·hm-2) | 根冠比 Root-shoot ratio | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
茎Stem | 叶Leaf | 穗Panicle | |||||
拔节期 Jointing stage | W1 | N0 | 0.43±0.04 d | 1.13±0.07 c | 0.56±0.04 e | - | 0.26±0.02 e |
N1 | 0.66±0.04 c | 1.58±0.12 ab | 1.09±0.15 c | - | 0.25±0.01 e | ||
N2 | 0.96±0.03 b | 1.64±0.12 a | 1.31±0.19 ab | - | 0.33±0.03 cd | ||
W2 | N0 | 0.32±0.05 de | 0.59±0.05 d | 0.32±0.03 f | - | 0.35±0.03 c | |
N1 | 0.67±0.02 c | 1.35±0.16 bc | 0.89±0.01 d | - | 0.30±0.01 d | ||
N2 | 1.29±0.14 a | 1.61±0.02 a | 1.28±0.07 b | - | 0.45±0.04 a | ||
W3 | N0 | 0.27±0.02 e | 0.53±0.07 d | 0.31±0.04 f | - | 0.32±0.01 cd | |
N1 | 0.88±0.12 b | 1.70±0.25 a | 1.05±0.12 cd | - | 0.32±0.02 cd | ||
N2 | 1.32±0.16 a | 1.82±0.22 a | 1.46±0.12 a | - | 0.40±0.02 b | ||
F值 | W | 5.67* | 0.53 | 5.57* | - | 36.85** | |
F-value | N | 220.47** | 24.48** | 196.96** | - | 49.06** | |
W×N | 9.54** | 0.54 | 3.07* | - | 2.31 | ||
抽穗期 Heading stage | W1 | N0 | 0.55±0.07 d | 2.22±0.08 d | 0.71±0.07 e | 0.73±0.04 cd | 0.15±0.01 bc |
N1 | 0.92±0.11 c | 3.53±0.27 bc | 1.66±0.19 bc | 1.49±0.13 a | 0.14±0.01 cd | ||
N2 | 0.94±0.12 c | 3.52±0.50 bc | 1.77±0.09 b | 0.84±0.05 c | 0.15±0.01 b | ||
W2 | N0 | 0.49±0.00 d | 1.87±0.16 d | 0.52±0.01 e | 0.61±0.04 d | 0.16±0.01 ab | |
N1 | 1.12±0.04 b | 3.94±0.52 b | 1.47±0.20 cd | 1.31±0.15 a | 0.17±0.01 a | ||
N2 | 1.36±0.08 a | 4.52±0.28 a | 2.21±0.29 a | 1.43±0.19 a | 0.14±0.01 d | ||
W3 | N0 | 0.47±0.03 d | 1.68±0.05 d | 0.53±0.05 e | 0.58±0.06 d | 0.17±0.00 a | |
N1 | 0.83±0.08 c | 3.10±0.10 c | 1.32±0.04 d | 0.85±0.09 c | 0.16±0.01 ab | ||
N2 | 0.91±0.06 c | 3.26±0.24 c | 1.65±0.07 bc | 1.10±0.08 b | 0.15±0.00 bc | ||
F值 | W | 27.39** | 16.42** | 7.79** | 15.04** | 13.87** | |
F-value | N | 145.31** | 101.18** | 197.29** | 75.33** | 1.07 | |
W×N | 9.52** | 5.39** | 5.93** | 18.91** | 4.97** |
图3 灌溉模式与施氮量互作对茎蘖增长动态的影响
Fig. 3. Effects of interaction between irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate on dynamics of number of stems and tillers.
灌溉模式 Irrigation mode | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 成穗率 Productive tiller percentage/% | 产量Grain yield/(t·hm-2) | 产量贡献率Yield contribution rate/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
主茎 MS | 一次分蘖 PT | 二次分蘖 ST | 主茎 MS | 一次分蘖 PT | 二次分蘖 ST | ||||
W1 | N0 | 63.43±3.09 b | 1.41±0.12 a | 2.56±0.23 d | - | 35.63±0.93 a | 64.37±1.69 b | - | |
N1 | 71.41±3.13 a | 1.43±0.06 a | 4.64±0.19 ab | 0.38±0.02 c | 22.21±0.30 cd | 71.97±0.97 ab | 5.82±0.08 e | ||
N2 | 63.58±2.84 b | 1.23±0.14 bc | 4.33±0.51 b | 0.80±0.09 a | 19.32±0.39 e | 68.09±1.37 b | 12.58±0.25 a | ||
W2 | N0 | 73.08±4.88 a | 1.01±0.06 de | 2.11±0.13 de | - | 32.37±3.03 b | 67.63±6.32 b | - | |
N1 | 75.51±1.92 a | 1.12±0.07 cd | 3.20±0.21 c | 0.47±0.03 c | 23.38±1.38 c | 66.90±3.95 b | 9.72±0.57 c | ||
N2 | 77.38±5.38 a | 0.94±0.05 de | 4.92±0.26 a | 0.43±0.02 c | 15.00±0.57 f | 78.15±2.98 a | 6.85±0.26 d | ||
W3 | N0 | 63.00±3.00 b | 0.93±0.08 e | 2.00±0.17 e | - | 31.84±1.06 b | 68.16±2.27 b | - | |
N1 | 73.11±3.55 a | 1.08±0.05 cde | 3.69±0.18 c | 0.60±0.03 b | 20.15±1.83 de | 68.69±6.25 b | 11.16±1.02 b | ||
N2 | 74.92±5.41 a | 1.31±0.15 ab | 4.72±0.54 ab | 0.71±0.08 a | 19.39±1.29 e | 70.11±4.68 b | 10.50±0.70 bc | ||
F值 | W | 12.69** | 29.93** | 5.44* | 22.50** | 6.05* | 1.81 | 29.87** | |
F-value | N | 7.86** | 2.12 | 150.96** | 43.02** | 276.21** | 4.34* | 15.71** | |
W×N | 2.75 | 8.02** | 9.03** | 28.41** | 6.55** | 3.29* | 114.77** |
表3 灌溉模式与施氮量互作对茎蘖产量构成的影响
Table 3 Effects of interaction between irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate on yield components of main stem and tillers.
灌溉模式 Irrigation mode | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 成穗率 Productive tiller percentage/% | 产量Grain yield/(t·hm-2) | 产量贡献率Yield contribution rate/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
主茎 MS | 一次分蘖 PT | 二次分蘖 ST | 主茎 MS | 一次分蘖 PT | 二次分蘖 ST | ||||
W1 | N0 | 63.43±3.09 b | 1.41±0.12 a | 2.56±0.23 d | - | 35.63±0.93 a | 64.37±1.69 b | - | |
N1 | 71.41±3.13 a | 1.43±0.06 a | 4.64±0.19 ab | 0.38±0.02 c | 22.21±0.30 cd | 71.97±0.97 ab | 5.82±0.08 e | ||
N2 | 63.58±2.84 b | 1.23±0.14 bc | 4.33±0.51 b | 0.80±0.09 a | 19.32±0.39 e | 68.09±1.37 b | 12.58±0.25 a | ||
W2 | N0 | 73.08±4.88 a | 1.01±0.06 de | 2.11±0.13 de | - | 32.37±3.03 b | 67.63±6.32 b | - | |
N1 | 75.51±1.92 a | 1.12±0.07 cd | 3.20±0.21 c | 0.47±0.03 c | 23.38±1.38 c | 66.90±3.95 b | 9.72±0.57 c | ||
N2 | 77.38±5.38 a | 0.94±0.05 de | 4.92±0.26 a | 0.43±0.02 c | 15.00±0.57 f | 78.15±2.98 a | 6.85±0.26 d | ||
W3 | N0 | 63.00±3.00 b | 0.93±0.08 e | 2.00±0.17 e | - | 31.84±1.06 b | 68.16±2.27 b | - | |
N1 | 73.11±3.55 a | 1.08±0.05 cde | 3.69±0.18 c | 0.60±0.03 b | 20.15±1.83 de | 68.69±6.25 b | 11.16±1.02 b | ||
N2 | 74.92±5.41 a | 1.31±0.15 ab | 4.72±0.54 ab | 0.71±0.08 a | 19.39±1.29 e | 70.11±4.68 b | 10.50±0.70 bc | ||
F值 | W | 12.69** | 29.93** | 5.44* | 22.50** | 6.05* | 1.81 | 29.87** | |
F-value | N | 7.86** | 2.12 | 150.96** | 43.02** | 276.21** | 4.34* | 15.71** | |
W×N | 2.75 | 8.02** | 9.03** | 28.41** | 6.55** | 3.29* | 114.77** |
灌溉模式 Irrigation mode | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 产量 Grain yield /(t·hm-2) | 有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(×104·hm-2) | 每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle | 结实率 Seed setting rate /% | 千粒重 1000-grain weight /g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | N0 | 3.74±0.10 d | 139.64±7.80 e | 128.6±3.0 b | 88.83±2.64 a | 24.87±0.77 a |
N1 | 6.25±0.08 ab | 222.92±17.78 cd | 148.3±9.4 a | 81.76±3.16 b | 23.95±0.30 abc | |
N2 | 6.05±0.12 b | 236.20±17.90 bc | 141.1±10.3 a | 81.28±0.18 b | 23.45±0.18 c | |
W2 | N0 | 2.94±0.28 e | 142.64±7.51 e | 109.6±2.5 c | 80.76±0.78 bc | 24.66±0.91 ab |
N1 | 4.77±0.28 c | 209.06±20.01 d | 120.4±4.7 bc | 79.69±3.85 bc | 23.94±0.62 abc | |
N2 | 6.22±0.24 ab | 253.29±14.90 ab | 141.5±3.5 a | 78.71±2.57 bc | 22.31±0.87 d | |
W3 | N0 | 2.74±0.09 e | 141.89±6.76 e | 112.3±7.2 c | 78.01±3.72 bc | 23.61±0.48 bc |
N1 | 5.03±0.46 c | 243.13±10.97 abc | 118.9±9.5 bc | 77.62±2.13 bc | 23.97±0.59 abc | |
N2 | 6.63±0.44 a | 265.07±12.13 a | 149.1±4.4 a | 75.98±3.06 c | 22.38±0.31 d | |
F值 | W | 16.94** | 4.17* | 13.42** | 14.29** | 3.75* |
F-value | N | 326.49** | 158.30** | 36.53** | 4.87* | 18.46** |
W×N | 12.10** | 1.96 | 6.53** | 1.62 | 1.84 |
表4 灌溉模式与施氮量互作对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响
Table 4 Effects of interaction between irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate on grain yield and its components.
灌溉模式 Irrigation mode | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 产量 Grain yield /(t·hm-2) | 有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(×104·hm-2) | 每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle | 结实率 Seed setting rate /% | 千粒重 1000-grain weight /g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | N0 | 3.74±0.10 d | 139.64±7.80 e | 128.6±3.0 b | 88.83±2.64 a | 24.87±0.77 a |
N1 | 6.25±0.08 ab | 222.92±17.78 cd | 148.3±9.4 a | 81.76±3.16 b | 23.95±0.30 abc | |
N2 | 6.05±0.12 b | 236.20±17.90 bc | 141.1±10.3 a | 81.28±0.18 b | 23.45±0.18 c | |
W2 | N0 | 2.94±0.28 e | 142.64±7.51 e | 109.6±2.5 c | 80.76±0.78 bc | 24.66±0.91 ab |
N1 | 4.77±0.28 c | 209.06±20.01 d | 120.4±4.7 bc | 79.69±3.85 bc | 23.94±0.62 abc | |
N2 | 6.22±0.24 ab | 253.29±14.90 ab | 141.5±3.5 a | 78.71±2.57 bc | 22.31±0.87 d | |
W3 | N0 | 2.74±0.09 e | 141.89±6.76 e | 112.3±7.2 c | 78.01±3.72 bc | 23.61±0.48 bc |
N1 | 5.03±0.46 c | 243.13±10.97 abc | 118.9±9.5 bc | 77.62±2.13 bc | 23.97±0.59 abc | |
N2 | 6.63±0.44 a | 265.07±12.13 a | 149.1±4.4 a | 75.98±3.06 c | 22.38±0.31 d | |
F值 | W | 16.94** | 4.17* | 13.42** | 14.29** | 3.75* |
F-value | N | 326.49** | 158.30** | 36.53** | 4.87* | 18.46** |
W×N | 12.10** | 1.96 | 6.53** | 1.62 | 1.84 |
灌溉模式 Irrigation mode | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 秸秆吸氮量 NUs/(kg·hm-2) | 籽粒吸氮量 NUg/(kg·hm-2) | 氮素干物质 生产效率 NDMPE/(kg·kg-1) | 氮素籽粒 生产效率 NGPE/(kg·kg-1) | 氮收获指数 NHI/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | N0 | 27.55±1.06 de | 39.55±1.59 e | 107.30±3.92 a | 55.71±2.23 a | 58.99±3.21 cd |
N1 | 62.31±5.63 a | 84.11±4.16 c | 81.25±3.70 bc | 42.79±2.42 cd | 57.49±1.87 cd | |
N2 | 54.81±1.08 b | 92.47±3.90 ab | 72.10±3.16 d | 41.11±1.69 d | 62.77±1.26 bc | |
W2 | N0 | 29.94±1.52 d | 36.62±2.83 e | 87.64±3.99 b | 44.15±2.05 bcd | 54.98±2.28 d |
N1 | 39.78±4.50 c | 62.89±5.26 d | 84.11±4.56 b | 46.45±1.61 bc | 61.26±3.62 bc | |
N2 | 41.52±5.79 c | 90.43±7.92 bc | 74.84±3.87 cd | 47.16±1.38 bc | 68.50±4.51 a | |
W3 | N0 | 21.78±2.32 e | 35.66±1.12 e | 88.88±4.74 b | 47.77±2.88 b | 62.15±2.09 bc |
N1 | 44.17±3.26 c | 67.90±3.19 d | 84.85±3.32 b | 44.88±2.17 bcd | 60.61±1.23 bc | |
N2 | 52.00±4.71 b | 99.69±6.07 a | 73.40±4.95 d | 43.77±3.93 bcd | 65.71±2.89 ab | |
F值 | W | 21.96** | 8.49** | 3.81* | 0.46 | 2.81 |
F-value | N | 108.29** | 366.15** | 60.96** | 12.42** | 16.59** |
W×N | 11.07** | 6.96** | 9.54** | 12.27** | 3.55* |
表5 灌溉模式与施氮量互作对水稻氮肥利用率的影响
Table 5 Effects of interaction between irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate on nitrogen use efficiency of rice.
灌溉模式 Irrigation mode | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 秸秆吸氮量 NUs/(kg·hm-2) | 籽粒吸氮量 NUg/(kg·hm-2) | 氮素干物质 生产效率 NDMPE/(kg·kg-1) | 氮素籽粒 生产效率 NGPE/(kg·kg-1) | 氮收获指数 NHI/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | N0 | 27.55±1.06 de | 39.55±1.59 e | 107.30±3.92 a | 55.71±2.23 a | 58.99±3.21 cd |
N1 | 62.31±5.63 a | 84.11±4.16 c | 81.25±3.70 bc | 42.79±2.42 cd | 57.49±1.87 cd | |
N2 | 54.81±1.08 b | 92.47±3.90 ab | 72.10±3.16 d | 41.11±1.69 d | 62.77±1.26 bc | |
W2 | N0 | 29.94±1.52 d | 36.62±2.83 e | 87.64±3.99 b | 44.15±2.05 bcd | 54.98±2.28 d |
N1 | 39.78±4.50 c | 62.89±5.26 d | 84.11±4.56 b | 46.45±1.61 bc | 61.26±3.62 bc | |
N2 | 41.52±5.79 c | 90.43±7.92 bc | 74.84±3.87 cd | 47.16±1.38 bc | 68.50±4.51 a | |
W3 | N0 | 21.78±2.32 e | 35.66±1.12 e | 88.88±4.74 b | 47.77±2.88 b | 62.15±2.09 bc |
N1 | 44.17±3.26 c | 67.90±3.19 d | 84.85±3.32 b | 44.88±2.17 bcd | 60.61±1.23 bc | |
N2 | 52.00±4.71 b | 99.69±6.07 a | 73.40±4.95 d | 43.77±3.93 bcd | 65.71±2.89 ab | |
F值 | W | 21.96** | 8.49** | 3.81* | 0.46 | 2.81 |
F-value | N | 108.29** | 366.15** | 60.96** | 12.42** | 16.59** |
W×N | 11.07** | 6.96** | 9.54** | 12.27** | 3.55* |
灌溉模式 Irrigation mode | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 糙米率 BR/% | 精米率 MR/% | 整精米率 HMR/% | 垩白粒率 CR/% | 垩白度 CD/% | 糊化温度 PT/℃ | 胶稠度 GC/mm | 直链淀粉含量 AC/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | N0 | 77.8 | 71.2 | 56.6 | 43.3 | 18.9 | 70~74 | 48.33 | 20.3 |
N1 | 79.5 | 72.4 | 57.3 | 27.5 | 11.6 | 75 | 42.00 | 22.1 | |
N2 | 79.3 | 69.2 | 54.3 | 27.7 | 10.8 | 70~74 | 50.33 | 19.2 | |
W2 | N0 | 77.7 | 69.3 | 55.1 | 44.8 | 19.2 | 70~74 | 51.67 | 22.9 |
N1 | 79.0 | 66.5 | 53.8 | 39.0 | 16.8 | <70 | 49.67 | 21.1 | |
N2 | 78.2 | 70.1 | 53.1 | 47.7 | 24.3 | 70~74 | 47.67 | 17.6 | |
W3 | N0 | 76.6 | 67.3 | 53.9 | 54.2 | 24.9 | 70~74 | 48.67 | 18.8 |
N1 | 78.3 | 66.0 | 54.3 | 38.3 | 14.5 | 70~74 | 55.00 | 23.5 | |
N2 | 79.8 | 69.2 | 55.9 | 37.9 | 14.9 | 70~74 | 58.00 | 21.3 |
表6 灌溉模式与施氮量互作对稻米品质的影响
Table 6 Effects of interaction between irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate on rice quality.
灌溉模式 Irrigation mode | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate | 糙米率 BR/% | 精米率 MR/% | 整精米率 HMR/% | 垩白粒率 CR/% | 垩白度 CD/% | 糊化温度 PT/℃ | 胶稠度 GC/mm | 直链淀粉含量 AC/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | N0 | 77.8 | 71.2 | 56.6 | 43.3 | 18.9 | 70~74 | 48.33 | 20.3 |
N1 | 79.5 | 72.4 | 57.3 | 27.5 | 11.6 | 75 | 42.00 | 22.1 | |
N2 | 79.3 | 69.2 | 54.3 | 27.7 | 10.8 | 70~74 | 50.33 | 19.2 | |
W2 | N0 | 77.7 | 69.3 | 55.1 | 44.8 | 19.2 | 70~74 | 51.67 | 22.9 |
N1 | 79.0 | 66.5 | 53.8 | 39.0 | 16.8 | <70 | 49.67 | 21.1 | |
N2 | 78.2 | 70.1 | 53.1 | 47.7 | 24.3 | 70~74 | 47.67 | 17.6 | |
W3 | N0 | 76.6 | 67.3 | 53.9 | 54.2 | 24.9 | 70~74 | 48.67 | 18.8 |
N1 | 78.3 | 66.0 | 54.3 | 38.3 | 14.5 | 70~74 | 55.00 | 23.5 | |
N2 | 79.8 | 69.2 | 55.9 | 37.9 | 14.9 | 70~74 | 58.00 | 21.3 |
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