花后不同时段低温对籼粳杂交稻稻米品质性状的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.6073

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】花后低温是影响米质的首要生态因子。为明确花后低温对甬优品种稻米品质性状及淀粉RVA谱特性的影响,【方法】以籼粳杂交稻甬优17号、甬优538和杂交籼稻中浙优1号、常规粳稻浙粳88为材料,采用盆栽试验,通过人工气候箱于水稻花后0–15d（前期）、15–30d（中期）和30d–成熟（后期）分别进行20℃、17℃和14℃的低温处理。【结果】花后低温显著影响供试品种整精米率、垩白度、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量及蛋白质,使甬优品种淀粉RVA谱特征值峰值黏度、热浆黏度、冷胶黏度、崩解值降低,回复值和消减值升高。花后前期低温对稻米加工品质影响最大,而花后中、后期低温对外观品质、蒸煮食味品质和营养品质影响最大,且甬优17号比甬优538对低温更敏感。花后低温对稻米品质影响明显,低温处理影响因品种类型、品质指标及处理时段而异。【结论】生产中应基于品种特性综合考虑稻米各品质指标,在结实期采取相应的米质调优栽培措施,充分发挥籼粳杂交稻品种的品质潜力。

关键词: 籼粳杂交稻, 灌浆结实期, 不同低温, 稻米品质, 淀粉黏滞性谱

Abstract:

【Objective】 The temperature during grain-filling stage of rice is the primary ecologic factor to rice qualities. The research was conducted to reveal the effects of low post-anthesis temperature on rice quality and starch viscosity of Yongyou varieties during grain filling. 【Method】 Four varieties, two indica-japonica hybrid rice (Yongyou538, YY538; Yongyou17,YY17) and two indica rice (Zhongzheyou1, ZZY1) and japonica rice (Zhejing88, ZJ88), were chamber-cultured at temperature as low as 20℃ from 0 to 15 days after flowering(S1), 17℃ from 15 days to 30 days after flowering(S2) and 14 ℃ from 30 days after anthesis to maturity(S3) in a pot experiment. 【Result】 Low temperature after flowering significantly affected the head rice rate, chalkiness, gel consistency, amylose content and protein content of rice, and decreased peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, cold paste viscosity, breakdown value of Yongyou varieties, and increased setback and consistency. Compared with CK treatment, S1 treatment had the greatest influence on rice processing quality, S2 and S3 treatments had the greatest influence on appearance quality, cooking and eating quality and nutritional quality. Moreover, YY17 is more sensitive to low temperature than YY538. Overall, low temperature after flowering exerted significant impact on grain quality, which varied with genotype, rice quality index and treatment time. 【Conclusion】 The present study indicated that given rice quality indexes differed amony varieties in rice production, we should adopt corresponding measures for high rice quality in grain-filling so as to give the quality potential of indica-japonica hybrid rice into full play.

Key words: indica-japonica hybrid rice, grain-filling stage, low temperature, grain quality, starch viscosity

曾研华, 张玉屏, 潘晓华, 朱德峰, 向镜, 陈惠哲, 张义凯, 曾勇军. 花后不同时段低温对籼粳杂交稻稻米品质性状的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(2): 166-174.

Yanhua ZENG, Yuping ZHANG, Xiaohua PAN, Defeng ZHU, Jing XIANG, Huizhe CHEN, Yikai ZHANG, Yongjun ZENG. Effect of Low Temperature After Flowering on Grain Quality of indica-japonica Hybrid Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(2): 166-174.

图/表 6

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处理 Treatment	花后0–15 d 15 DAF	花后15–30 d From 15 to 30 DAF	花后30 d–成熟 30 DAF to maturity
灌浆前期（S₁） Early grain filling stage	20.0	25.0	25.0
灌浆中期（S₂） Middle grain filling stage	25.0	17.0	25.0
灌浆后期（S₃） Later grain filling stage	25.0	25.0	14.0
对照（CK） Controll	25.0

处理 Treatment	花后0–15 d 15 DAF	花后15–30 d From 15 to 30 DAF	花后30 d–成熟 30 DAF to maturity
灌浆前期（S₁） Early grain filling stage	20.0	25.0	25.0
灌浆中期（S₂） Middle grain filling stage	25.0	17.0	25.0
灌浆后期（S₃） Later grain filling stage	25.0	25.0	14.0
对照（CK） Controll	25.0

品种Variety	处理Treatment	加工品质Processing quality			外观品质Appearance quality
品种Variety	处理Treatment	糙米率 BRP / %	精米率 MRP / %	整精米率 HRR / %	垩白粒率 PCRG / %	垩白大小 CS / %	垩白度 DC / %
中浙优1号 Zhongzheyou 1	CK	83.7 a	76.2 a	61.8 a	25.0 b	19.6 a	4.9 a
	S₁	82.8 ab	75.1 ab	41.9 b	29.0 a	10.3 c	3.0 c
	S₂	83.2 ab	75.7 a	46.1 b	23.5 b	17.0 b	4.0 b
	S₃	82.3 b	74.9 b	42.1 b	24.0 b	15.0 bc	3.6 bc
	平均值Average	83.0	75.5	48.0	25.4	15.5	3.9
	CV	0.72	0.77	19.63	9.84	25.26	20.58
甬优17号 Yongyou 17	CK	82.8 a	75.1 b	64.4 a	15.0 b	13.3 b	2.0 b
	S₁	81.6 b	73.9 b	47.8 c	7.5 c	10.7 c	0.8 c
	S₂	82.1 ab	74.5 b	50.3 bc	20.0 a	17.5 a	3.5 a
	S₃	81.8 ab	80.0 a	58.9 ab	12.0 b	16.7 a	2.0 b
	平均值Average	82.1	75.9	55.4	13.6	14.5	2.1
	CV	0.66	3.70	13.85	38.53	21.65	53.29
甬优538 Yongyou 538	CK	85.0 a	77.3 a	62.1 ab	43.5 a	21.6 a	9.4 a
	S₁	84.9 a	77.0 a	61.1 b	32.0 b	20.0 a	6.4 b
	S₂	84.9 a	77.2 a	69.7 a	32.5 b	16.0 b	5.2 c
	S₃	83.8 b	75.9 b	58.9 b	32.0 b	20.0 a	6.4 b
	平均值Average	84.6	76.9	63.0	35.0	19.4	6.9
	CV	0.69	0.82	7.44	16.20	12.33	26.16
浙粳88 Zhejing 88	CK	85.6 b	76.4 b	65.5 a	73.5 a	18.8 a	13.8 a
	S₁	86.4 a	78.4 a	66.0 a	69.5 a	15.0 a	10.4 b
	S₂	86.3 a	78.3 a	50.1 b	64.5 b	16.1 a	10.4 b
	S₃	85.3 b	77.5 a	53.9 b	54.5c	11.7 b	6.4c
	平均值Average	85.9	77.6	58.9	65.5	15.4	10.3
	CV	0.67	1.19	13.78	12.53	18.92	29.52

品种Variety	处理Treatment	加工品质Processing quality			外观品质Appearance quality
品种Variety	处理Treatment	糙米率 BRP / %	精米率 MRP / %	整精米率 HRR / %	垩白粒率 PCRG / %	垩白大小 CS / %	垩白度 DC / %
中浙优1号 Zhongzheyou 1	CK	83.7 a	76.2 a	61.8 a	25.0 b	19.6 a	4.9 a
	S₁	82.8 ab	75.1 ab	41.9 b	29.0 a	10.3 c	3.0 c
	S₂	83.2 ab	75.7 a	46.1 b	23.5 b	17.0 b	4.0 b
	S₃	82.3 b	74.9 b	42.1 b	24.0 b	15.0 bc	3.6 bc
	平均值Average	83.0	75.5	48.0	25.4	15.5	3.9
	CV	0.72	0.77	19.63	9.84	25.26	20.58
甬优17号 Yongyou 17	CK	82.8 a	75.1 b	64.4 a	15.0 b	13.3 b	2.0 b
	S₁	81.6 b	73.9 b	47.8 c	7.5 c	10.7 c	0.8 c
	S₂	82.1 ab	74.5 b	50.3 bc	20.0 a	17.5 a	3.5 a
	S₃	81.8 ab	80.0 a	58.9 ab	12.0 b	16.7 a	2.0 b
	平均值Average	82.1	75.9	55.4	13.6	14.5	2.1
	CV	0.66	3.70	13.85	38.53	21.65	53.29
甬优538 Yongyou 538	CK	85.0 a	77.3 a	62.1 ab	43.5 a	21.6 a	9.4 a
	S₁	84.9 a	77.0 a	61.1 b	32.0 b	20.0 a	6.4 b
	S₂	84.9 a	77.2 a	69.7 a	32.5 b	16.0 b	5.2 c
	S₃	83.8 b	75.9 b	58.9 b	32.0 b	20.0 a	6.4 b
	平均值Average	84.6	76.9	63.0	35.0	19.4	6.9
	CV	0.69	0.82	7.44	16.20	12.33	26.16
浙粳88 Zhejing 88	CK	85.6 b	76.4 b	65.5 a	73.5 a	18.8 a	13.8 a
	S₁	86.4 a	78.4 a	66.0 a	69.5 a	15.0 a	10.4 b
	S₂	86.3 a	78.3 a	50.1 b	64.5 b	16.1 a	10.4 b
	S₃	85.3 b	77.5 a	53.9 b	54.5c	11.7 b	6.4c
	平均值Average	85.9	77.6	58.9	65.5	15.4	10.3
	CV	0.67	1.19	13.78	12.53	18.92	29.52

品种 Variety	处理时段 Treatment period	峰值黏度 PV / RVU	热浆黏度 HPV / RVU	冷胶黏度 CPV / RVU	崩解值 BD / RVU	回复值 SB / RVU	消减值 CT / RVU	糊化温度 PaT / ℃
中浙优1号 ZZY1	对照CK	302.0 a	158.0 a	235.2 b	152.2 a	-66.8 c	85.3 c	81.6 b
	S₁	274.3 b	150.6 a	244.0 ab	123.8 b	-30.3 b	93.4 b	82.5 b
	S₂	230.6 c	138.5 b	247.0 a	92.1 c	16.4 a	108.5 a	86.1 a
	S₃	276.1 ab	144.7 ab	240.0 ab	131.4 b	-36.1 b	95.3 b	82.9 b
	平均Average	270.8	147.9	241.6	124.9	-29.2	95.6	83.3
	CV / %	10.9	5.6	2.1	19.9	117.6	10.0	2.4
甬优17 YY17	对照CK	342.0 a	181.8 a	272.3 a	160.3 a	-69.8 d	90.5 b	80.9 a
	S₁	300.3 b	167.2 b	251.5 c	133.1 b	-48.8 c	84.3 c	80.1 a
	S₂	276.1 c	151.9 c	260.3 b	124.2 c	-15.8 a	108.4 a	80.5 a
	S₃	278.8 c	145.7 c	251.9 c	133.1 b	-26.9 b	106.3 a	78.9 a
	平均Average	299.3	161.6	259.0	137.7	-40.3	97.4	80.1
	CV / %	10.2	10.0	3.8	11.4	59.4	12.1	1.1
甬优538 YY538	对照CK	247.5 a	164.9 a	264.8 a	82.6 a	17.3 d	99.8 b	85.7 a
	S₁	219.9 bc	147.2 bc	258.3 ab	72.8 b	38.4 b	111.2 a	85.4 a
	S₂	204.5 c	140.8 c	249.1 b	63.8 c	44.6 a	108.3 a	87.3 a
	S₃	232.8 b	158.3 ab	258.5 ab	74.6 b	25.7 c	100.3 b	81.7 a
	平均Average	226.2	152.8	257.7	73.4	31.5	104.9	85.0
	CV / %	8.1	7.1	2.5	10.5	39.2	5.5	2.8
浙粳88 ZJ88	对照CK	233.8 a	165.0 ab	257.7 b	68.9 a	23.9 c	92.8 ab	74.5 b
	S₁	237.3 a	171.7 a	269.9 a	65.7 a	32.6 b	98.3 a	84.0 a
	S₂	205.3 b	140.0 c	228.1 d	65.3 a	22.8 c	88.1 b	77.3 b
	S₃	205.9 b	159.9 b	247.4 c	46.0 b	41.5 a	87.5 b	73.8 b
	平均Average	220.6	159.1	250.8	61.5	30.2	91.6	77.4
	CV / %	7.9	8.6	7.1	17.0	28.8	5.4	6.0