中籼水稻品种改良过程中米质和根系特征对灌溉方式的响应

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211104

中国水稻科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 505-519.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211104

中籼水稻品种改良过程中米质和根系特征对灌溉方式的响应

景文疆¹, 顾汉柱¹, 张小祥², 吴昊¹, 张伟杨¹, 顾骏飞¹, 刘立军¹, 王志琴¹, 杨建昌¹, 张耗¹()

1.扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，江苏扬州 225009
2.江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所，江苏扬州 225007

收稿日期:2021-11-05 修回日期:2022-03-10 出版日期:2022-09-10 发布日期:2022-09-09
通讯作者: 张耗
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31871559);国家自然科学基金资助项目(32071944);江苏省六大人才高峰高层次人才项目(SWYY-151);扬州大学交叉学科高层次青年支持项目

Response of Grain Quality and Root Characteristics to Irrigation Methods During Mid-season indica Rice Varieties Improvement

JING Wenjiang¹, GU Hanzhu¹, ZHANG Xiaoxiang², WU Hao¹, ZHANG Weiyang¹, GU Junfei¹, LIU Lijun¹, WANG Zhiqin¹, YANG Jianchang¹, ZHANG Hao¹()

1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
2. Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225007, China

Received:2021-11-05 Revised:2022-03-10 Online:2022-09-10 Published:2022-09-09
Contact: ZHANG Hao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同灌溉方式下中籼水稻品种的稻米品质与根系特征。【方法】以江苏省近80年来各阶段具有代表性的中籼水稻品种为试验材料，全生育期设置干湿交替灌溉(AWD)和常规灌溉(CI)处理。在矮秆、半矮秆常规稻和半矮秆杂交稻中各选择2个水分利用效率(WUE)存在明显差异的品种进行稻米品质和根系特征分析。【结果】无论是在AWD还是CI下，各类型品种的产量和WUE均随品种改良逐渐提高。与CI相比，AWD显著增加了产量和水分利用效率。在AWD下，各类型品种(矮秆品种、半矮秆品种、半矮秆杂交稻)的产量分别为6.96 t/hm²、8.71 t/hm²和10.14 t/hm²，WUE分别为1.30 kg/m³、1.62 kg/m³和1.91 kg/m³。各类型品种的精米率、整精米率、蛋白质含量、淀粉溶解度与膨胀度、根干质量、根冠比、根系氧化力、根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收表面积、根系伤流液中玉米素和玉米素核苷以及脱落酸含量随品种改良显著提高。与CI相比，AWD改善了稻米的加工和外观品质及根系形态生理特征，提高了稻米淀粉的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度和崩解值，降低了淀粉的消减值和相对结晶度。相关分析表明，产量、WUE及稻米品质均与根系生长密切相关。【结论】现代半矮秆品种尤其杂交稻在全生育期干湿交替灌溉条件下可获得较高的产量和水分利用效率以及较优的稻米品质，这与根系形态和生理特征的改善密切相关。

关键词: 水稻, 水分利用效率, 品种, 稻米品质, 根系特征

Abstract:

【Objective】It is important to have a deep insight into the grain quality and root characteristics of different types of mid-season indica rice varieties in different irrigation methods. 【Method】The representative mid-season indica rice varieties in Jiangsu Province in recent 80 years were used as experimental materials, AWD(alternate wetting and drying irrigation) and CI(conventional irrigation) were conducted during the whole growth period of rice. Two dwarf varieties, two semi-dwarf varieties and two semi-dwarf hybrid varieties with obvious difference in water use efficiency(WUE) were selected to analyze grain quality and root characteristics. 【Result】Under AWD or CI, grain yield and WUE of all varieties increased gradually with variety improvement. Compared with CI, AWD significantly increased yield and water use efficiency. Under AWD, the yield of various varieties(dwarf variety, semi-dwarf variety and semi-dwarf hybrid variety) was 6.96, 8.71 and 10.14 t/hm², respectively, WUE was 1.30, 1.62 and 1.91 kg/m³, respectively. The milled rice rate, head milled rice rate, protein content, solubility, swelling capacity of starch, root dry weight and root-shoot ratio, root oxidation activity, root total absorbing surface area and active absorbing surface area, contents of zeatin, zeatin nucleoside and abscisic acid in root bleeding sap were significantly increased with the improvement of varieties. Compared with CI, AWD improved the appearance quality and root morphological and physiological characteristics, increased the peak viscosity, hot viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown of rice starch, decreased the setback and relative crystallinity of starch. Correlation analysis showed that yield and WUE were closely related to grain quality and root growth. 【Conclusion】Modern semi-dwarf varieties, especially semi-dwarf hybrid variety, could obtain higher yield, water use efficiency and better grain quality under AWD during the whole growth period, which was closely related to the improvement of root morphology and physiological characteristics.

Key words: rice, water use efficiency, variety, grain quality, root characteristics

景文疆, 顾汉柱, 张小祥, 吴昊, 张伟杨, 顾骏飞, 刘立军, 王志琴, 杨建昌, 张耗. 中籼水稻品种改良过程中米质和根系特征对灌溉方式的响应[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(5): 505-519.

JING Wenjiang, GU Hanzhu, ZHANG Xiaoxiang, WU Hao, ZHANG Weiyang, GU Junfei, LIU Lijun, WANG Zhiqin, YANG Jianchang, ZHANG Hao. Response of Grain Quality and Root Characteristics to Irrigation Methods During Mid-season indica Rice Varieties Improvement[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(5): 505-519.

图/表 15

表1 江苏省近80年来具有代表性的中籼水稻品种

Table 1. Representative mid-season indica rice varieties in Jiangsu Province in recent 80 years.

应用年代 Application years	品种 Variety	类型 Type	生育期 Growth duration/d
1940－1950	黄瓜籼 Huangguaxian	高秆品种 High stalk variety	118
1940－1950	银条籼 Yintiaoxian	高秆品种 High stalk variety	117
1940－1950	南京1号 Nanjing 1	高秆品种 High stalk variety	117
1960－1970	台中籼 Taichung Sen	矮秆品种 Dwarf variety	130
1960－1970	南京11 Nanjing 11	矮秆品种 Dwarf variety	122
1960－1970	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	矮秆品种 Dwarf variety	127
1970－1980	IR24	半矮秆品种 Semi-dwarf variety	122
1980－1990	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	半矮秆品种 Semi-dwarf variety	145
1980－1990	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	半矮秆品种 Semi-dwarf variety	146
2000－2005	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	153
2000－2005	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	152
2000－2005	Ⅱ优084 Ⅱyou 084	半矮秆杂交稻 Semi-dwarf hybrid rice	153

表2 水稻生长季的平均气温、降水量和日照时数

Table 2. Mean air temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours during rice growing season.

月份 Month	平均气温 Mean air temperature/℃	降水量 Precipitation/mm	日照时数 Sunshine hours / h
五月 May	22.7	53.0	155
六月 June	25.8	253	188
七月 July	25.5	186	139
八月 August	30.4	246	155
九月 September	23.8	50.2	146
十月 October	16.7	56.9	133

图1 中籼水稻品种的产量(A)和水分利用效率(B) AWD－干湿交替灌溉;CI－常规灌溉。HGX－黄瓜籼;YTX－银条籼;NJ 1－南京1号;TZX－台中籼;NJ 11－南京11;ZZA－珍珠矮;YD 2－扬稻2号;YD 6－扬稻6号;YLY 6－扬两优6号;LYPJ－两优培九;ⅡY 084－Ⅱ优084。水分利用效率(kg·m−3)=籽粒产量/灌溉水用量。不同小写字母表示在0.05 水平差异显著。

Fig. 1. Grain yield(A) and water use efficiency(B) of the mid-season indica rice varieties. AWD, Alternate wetting and drying irrigation; CI, Conventional irrigation; HGX, Huangguaxian; YTX, Yintiaoxian; NJ 1, Nanjing 1; TZX, Taichung Sen; NJ 11, Nanjing 11; ZZA, Zhenzhuai; YD 2, Yangdao 2; YD 6, Yangdao 6; YLY 6, Yangliangyou 6; LYPJ, Liangyoupeijiu; ⅡY 084, II you 084. Water use efficiency(kg·m−3)=Grain yield/Irrigation water consumption. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level.

表3 不同灌溉方式对稻米产量及其构成因素的影响

Table 3. Effects of different irrigation methods on grain yield and its components.

处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	穗数 Number of panicles /(×10⁴ hm⁻²)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets /(×10⁶ hm⁻²)	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	结实率 Filled grain rate /%	产量 Grain yield /(t·hm^-2)
AWD	台中籼 Taichung Sen	239 ± 1.70 c	138 ± 4.39 e	332 ± 3.95 f	25.16 ± 0.22 c	80.25 ± 1.63 c	6.68 ± 0.48 e
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	253 ± 2.13 a	148 ± 4.52 d	376 ± 4.37 e	26.18 ± 0.29 b	78.30 ± 1.27 d	7.72 ± 0.54 d
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	239 ± 1.21 c	166 ± 3.83 b	397 ± 3.68 c	25.95 ± 0.26 b	85.02 ± 1.29 a	8.78 ± 0.54 c
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	242 ± 1.47 b	157 ± 2.32 c	379 ± 2.73 d	29.16 ± 0.30 a	84.87 ± 1.17 a	9.38 ± 0.46 b
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	221 ± 2.63 d	196 ± 4.91 a	432 ± 4.76 b	28.87 ± 0.55 a	81.11 ± 0.64 bc	10.11 ± 0.65 a
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	242 ± 1.27 b	196 ± 2.16 a	476 ± 4.31 a	26.03 ± 0.43 b	82.28 ± 1.31 b	10.16 ± 0.57 a
CI	台中籼 Taizhongxian	247 ± 1.11 cd	125 ± 3.17 f	309 ± 1.21 f	24.95 ± 0.52 c	75.91 ± 1.48 d	5.86 ± 0.46 f
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	257 ± 2.56 b	130 ± 5.14 e	360 ± 4.88 d	25.08 ± 0.38 bc	70.37 ± 1.81 e	6.34 ± 0.53 e
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	246 ± 1.32 d	154 ± 4.18 c	376 ± 2.79 c	25.59 ± 0.32 b	85.08 ± 1.67 a	8.21 ± 0.57 d
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	263 ± 2.17 a	135 ± 3.96 d	352 ± 1.77 e	29.11 ± 0.13 a	84.08 ± 1.43 b	8.62 ± 0.51 c
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	235 ± 2.88 e	168 ± 2.65 b	391 ± 1.46 b	28.75 ± 0.39 a	80.66 ± 1.29 c	9.08 ± 0.53 b
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	249 ± 1.64 c	186 ± 4.38 a	464 ± 3.44 a	24.90 ± 0.50 c	81.33 ± 1.11 c	9.41 ± 0.64 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	**	*	*	*
品种 Variety (V)		**	**	**	**	**	**
处理 × 品种 (T × V)		**	NS	*	NS	NS	NS

表3 不同灌溉方式对稻米产量及其构成因素的影响

Table 3. Effects of different irrigation methods on grain yield and its components.

处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	穗数 Number of panicles /(×10⁴ hm⁻²)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets /(×10⁶ hm⁻²)	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	结实率 Filled grain rate /%	产量 Grain yield /(t·hm^-2)
AWD	台中籼 Taichung Sen	239 ± 1.70 c	138 ± 4.39 e	332 ± 3.95 f	25.16 ± 0.22 c	80.25 ± 1.63 c	6.68 ± 0.48 e
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	253 ± 2.13 a	148 ± 4.52 d	376 ± 4.37 e	26.18 ± 0.29 b	78.30 ± 1.27 d	7.72 ± 0.54 d
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	239 ± 1.21 c	166 ± 3.83 b	397 ± 3.68 c	25.95 ± 0.26 b	85.02 ± 1.29 a	8.78 ± 0.54 c
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	242 ± 1.47 b	157 ± 2.32 c	379 ± 2.73 d	29.16 ± 0.30 a	84.87 ± 1.17 a	9.38 ± 0.46 b
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	221 ± 2.63 d	196 ± 4.91 a	432 ± 4.76 b	28.87 ± 0.55 a	81.11 ± 0.64 bc	10.11 ± 0.65 a
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	242 ± 1.27 b	196 ± 2.16 a	476 ± 4.31 a	26.03 ± 0.43 b	82.28 ± 1.31 b	10.16 ± 0.57 a
CI	台中籼 Taizhongxian	247 ± 1.11 cd	125 ± 3.17 f	309 ± 1.21 f	24.95 ± 0.52 c	75.91 ± 1.48 d	5.86 ± 0.46 f
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	257 ± 2.56 b	130 ± 5.14 e	360 ± 4.88 d	25.08 ± 0.38 bc	70.37 ± 1.81 e	6.34 ± 0.53 e
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	246 ± 1.32 d	154 ± 4.18 c	376 ± 2.79 c	25.59 ± 0.32 b	85.08 ± 1.67 a	8.21 ± 0.57 d
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	263 ± 2.17 a	135 ± 3.96 d	352 ± 1.77 e	29.11 ± 0.13 a	84.08 ± 1.43 b	8.62 ± 0.51 c
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	235 ± 2.88 e	168 ± 2.65 b	391 ± 1.46 b	28.75 ± 0.39 a	80.66 ± 1.29 c	9.08 ± 0.53 b
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	249 ± 1.64 c	186 ± 4.38 a	464 ± 3.44 a	24.90 ± 0.50 c	81.33 ± 1.11 c	9.41 ± 0.64 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	**	*	*	*
品种 Variety (V)		**	**	**	**	**	**
处理 × 品种 (T × V)		**	NS	*	NS	NS	NS

表4 不同灌溉方式对稻米加工品质和外观品质的影响

Table 4. Effects of different irrigation methods on milling and appearance quality of rice.

处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	糙米率 Brown rice rate/%	精米率 Milled rice rate/%	整精米率 Head milled rice rate/%	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate/%	垩白度 Chalkiness degree/%
AWD	台中籼 Taichung Sen	82.58 ± 2.57 a	67.07 ± 1.28 c	47.08 ± 2.62 d	59.25 ± 3.12 a	15.50 ± 1.28 a
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	81.18 ± 1.90 ab	69.33 ± 1.03 bc	49.30 ± 1.28 cd	43.95 ± 4.01 b	12.20 ± 1.09 b
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	81.09 ± 3.10 ab	70.73 ± 3.32 ab	50.60 ± 1.03 bc	32.35 ± 4.11 c	9.25 ± 0.38 c
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	79.49 ± 2.15 b	72.07 ± 2.31 ab	51.53 ± 0.97 bc	13.70 ± 2.58 d	4.40 ± 0.97 d
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	79.29 ± 3.61 b	73.32 ± 2.02 a	52.70 ± 0.86 b	6.00 ± 2.73 e	3.20 ± 1.35 d
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	78.99 ± 2.40 b	73.51 ± 1.34 a	58.58 ± 2.69 a	2.30 ± 2.16 f	3.05 ± 1.88 d
CI	台中籼 Taichung Sen	82.18 ± 3.22 a	65.67 ± 1.41 d	45.55 ± 2.03 b	65.00 ± 3.88 a	23.35 ± 1.62 a
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	80.90 ± 1.08 ab	67.65 ± 1.65 cd	47.76 ± 1.55 b	63.05 ± 2.19 a	13.45 ± 1.77 b
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	80.66 ± 1.85 ab	70.05 ± 3.01 bc	50.55 ± 2.67 a	32.95 ± 3.62 b	11.90 ± 0.88 b
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	79.41 ± 2.76 ab	71.00 ± 2.52 ab	51.12 ± 1.47 a	26.75 ± 3.15 c	7.75 ± 1.55 c
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	79.05 ± 3.55 ab	71.59 ± 1.40 ab	51.82 ± 1.09 a	8.50 ± 2.18 d	5.45 ± 1.30 d
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	78.54 ± 3.07 b	72.98 ± 2.71 a	53.03 ± 2.64 a	8.05 ± 1.47 d	4.00 ± 0.54 d
方差分析 Analysis of variance
处理 Treatment (T)		NS	NS	NS	**	**
品种 Variety (V)		NS	NS	**	**	**
处理 × 品种 (T × V)		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

表5 不同灌溉方式对稻米蒸煮食味与营养品质的影响

Table 5. Effects of different irrigation methods on cooking, eating and nutrition quality of rice.

处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	蛋白质含量 Protein content/%	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content/%	胶稠度 Gel consistency/mm
AWD	台中籼 Taichung Sen	8.42 ± 0.82 a	25.53 ± 1.65 a	76.45 ± 2.03 a
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	8.58 ± 1.87 a	23.75 ± 1.74 b	74.20 ± 1.34 b
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	8.90 ± 1.65 a	21.76 ± 1.83 c	73.55 ± 1.62 bc
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	9.14 ± 1.74 a	20.39 ± 2.03 d	72.38 ± 2.42 c
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	9.36 ± 1.95 a	19.64 ± 1.12 d	61.45 ± 1.40 d
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	9.73 ± 1.24 a	21.86 ± 1.49 c	60.33 ± 1.53 d
CI	台中籼 Taichung Sen	8.20 ± 1.06 b	24.86 ± 1.23 a	72.40 ± 1.98 a
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	8.55 ± 1.37 ab	23.27 ± 1.57 b	65.38 ± 2.58 b
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	8.61 ± 0.79 ab	21.06 ± 1.82 c	62.60 ± 1.32 c
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	9.02 ± 1.48 ab	19.93 ± 1.39 d	58.20 ± 0.98 d
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	9.26 ± 1.53 ab	18.71 ± 1.32 e	54.90 ± 1.00 e
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	9.39 ± 1.26 a	20.10 ± 1.19 d	51.23 ± 2.43 f
方差分析 Analysis of variance
处理 Treatment (T)		NS	*	**
品种 Variety (V)		NS	**	**
处理 × 品种 (T × V)		NS	NS	NS

表6 不同灌溉方式对稻米淀粉黏滞性的影响

Table 6. Effects of different irrigation methods on viscosity of rice starch.

处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	峰值黏度 Peak viscosity /cP	热浆黏度 Hot viscosity /cP	崩解值 Breakdown /cP	最终黏度 Final viscosity /cP	消减值 Setback /cP	糊化温度 Pasting temperature /℃
AWD	台中籼 Taichung Sen	3052.5 ± 44.6 a	2478.5 ± 47.9 a	549.5 ± 35.8 e	3269.0 ± 52.7 a	330.5 ± 12.5 b	80.27 ± 2.4 a
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	2996.0 ± 47.9 b	2469.5 ± 43.2 a	586.0 ± 29.4 d	3233.5 ± 50.8 b	364.0 ± 17.9 a	79.93 ± 2.2 a
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	2843.0 ± 50.2 c	2172.5 ± 35.7 b	620.5 ± 33.6 bc	2967.0 ± 51.8 c	233.5 ± 14.0 de	78.48 ± 2.4 b
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	2780.5 ± 40.7 d	2087.0 ± 46.6 c	682.5 ± 37.6 a	2913.5 ± 45.7 d	250.0 ± 11.3 c	78.13 ± 1.9 b
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	2691.0 ± 34.9 e	1832.5 ± 50.3 d	609.0 ± 42.8 c	2756.0 ± 37.7 e	238.5 ± 17.9 d	77.68 ± 1.4 b
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	2618.5 ± 42.0 f	1798.5 ± 52.4 e	629.0 ± 37.9 b	2709.5 ± 35.3 f	226.5 ± 12.6 e	77.43 ± 2.1 b
CI	台中籼 Taichung Sen	2969.5 ± 45.8 a	2388.5 ± 36.6 a	506.0 ± 48.6 d	3246.0 ± 43.3 a	357.5 ± 10.3 b	81.93 ± 1.5 a
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	2855.5 ± 53.7 b	2330.0 ± 42.5 b	566.0 ± 30.3 c	3221.5 ± 41.5 b	371.5 ± 16.9 a	80.20 ± 1.4 b
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	2793.0 ± 52.4 c	2064.5 ± 41.8 c	614.5 ± 37.1 b	2942.0 ± 46.6 c	257.0 ± 14.3 d	79.73 ± 1.3 b
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	2740.5 ± 40.8 d	1982.0 ± 47.1 d	678.5 ± 42.6 a	2895.0 ± 50.2 d	268.5 ± 11.4 c	78.52 ± 1.7 c
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	2481.5 ± 38.3 e	1765.0 ± 39.8 e	596.0 ± 49.1 b	2722.0 ± 42.0 e	251.5 ± 15.9 de	77.98 ± 1.5 cd
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	2427.5 ± 33.6 f	1640.5 ± 46.9 f	618.0 ± 38.9 b	2689.0 ± 42.8 f	243.0 ± 11.1 e	77.74 ± 1.7 d
方差分析 Analysis of variance
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	NS	NS	*	NS
品种 Variety (V)		**	**	*	**	**	NS
处理 × 品种 T × V		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

表6 不同灌溉方式对稻米淀粉黏滞性的影响

Table 6. Effects of different irrigation methods on viscosity of rice starch.

处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	峰值黏度 Peak viscosity /cP	热浆黏度 Hot viscosity /cP	崩解值 Breakdown /cP	最终黏度 Final viscosity /cP	消减值 Setback /cP	糊化温度 Pasting temperature /℃
AWD	台中籼 Taichung Sen	3052.5 ± 44.6 a	2478.5 ± 47.9 a	549.5 ± 35.8 e	3269.0 ± 52.7 a	330.5 ± 12.5 b	80.27 ± 2.4 a
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	2996.0 ± 47.9 b	2469.5 ± 43.2 a	586.0 ± 29.4 d	3233.5 ± 50.8 b	364.0 ± 17.9 a	79.93 ± 2.2 a
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	2843.0 ± 50.2 c	2172.5 ± 35.7 b	620.5 ± 33.6 bc	2967.0 ± 51.8 c	233.5 ± 14.0 de	78.48 ± 2.4 b
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	2780.5 ± 40.7 d	2087.0 ± 46.6 c	682.5 ± 37.6 a	2913.5 ± 45.7 d	250.0 ± 11.3 c	78.13 ± 1.9 b
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	2691.0 ± 34.9 e	1832.5 ± 50.3 d	609.0 ± 42.8 c	2756.0 ± 37.7 e	238.5 ± 17.9 d	77.68 ± 1.4 b
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	2618.5 ± 42.0 f	1798.5 ± 52.4 e	629.0 ± 37.9 b	2709.5 ± 35.3 f	226.5 ± 12.6 e	77.43 ± 2.1 b
CI	台中籼 Taichung Sen	2969.5 ± 45.8 a	2388.5 ± 36.6 a	506.0 ± 48.6 d	3246.0 ± 43.3 a	357.5 ± 10.3 b	81.93 ± 1.5 a
	珍珠矮 Zhenzhuai	2855.5 ± 53.7 b	2330.0 ± 42.5 b	566.0 ± 30.3 c	3221.5 ± 41.5 b	371.5 ± 16.9 a	80.20 ± 1.4 b
	扬稻2号 Yangdao 2	2793.0 ± 52.4 c	2064.5 ± 41.8 c	614.5 ± 37.1 b	2942.0 ± 46.6 c	257.0 ± 14.3 d	79.73 ± 1.3 b
	扬稻6号 Yangdao 6	2740.5 ± 40.8 d	1982.0 ± 47.1 d	678.5 ± 42.6 a	2895.0 ± 50.2 d	268.5 ± 11.4 c	78.52 ± 1.7 c
	扬两优6号 Yangliangyou 6	2481.5 ± 38.3 e	1765.0 ± 39.8 e	596.0 ± 49.1 b	2722.0 ± 42.0 e	251.5 ± 15.9 de	77.98 ± 1.5 cd
	两优培九 Liangyoupeijiu	2427.5 ± 33.6 f	1640.5 ± 46.9 f	618.0 ± 38.9 b	2689.0 ± 42.8 f	243.0 ± 11.1 e	77.74 ± 1.7 d
方差分析 Analysis of variance
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	NS	NS	*	NS
品种 Variety (V)		**	**	*	**	**	NS
处理 × 品种 T × V		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

图2 不同灌溉方式对稻米淀粉溶解度(A)和膨胀度(B)的影响 AWD－干湿交替灌溉;CI－常规灌溉。TZX－台中籼;ZZA－珍珠矮;YD 2－扬稻2号;YD 6－扬稻6号;YLY 6－扬两优6号;LYPJ－两优培九。不同小写字母表示在0.05 水平差异显著。

Fig. 2. Effects of different irrigation methods on solubility(A) and swelling capacity(B) of rice starch. AWD, Alternate wetting and drying irrigation; CI, Conventional irrigation. TZX, Taichung Sen; ZZA, Zhenzhuai; YD 2, Yangdao 2; YD 6, Yangdao 6; YLY 6, Yangliangyou 6; LYPJ, Liangyoupeijiu. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level.

图3 不同灌溉方式对稻米淀粉XRD衍射图谱的影响 AWD－干湿交替灌溉;CI－常规灌溉。TZX－台中籼;ZZA－珍珠矮;YD 2－扬稻2号;YD 6－扬稻6号;YLY 6－扬两优6号;LYPJ－两优培九。

Fig. 3. Effects of different irrigation methods on XRD patterns of rice starch. AWD, Alternate wetting and drying irrigation; CI, Conventional irrigation. TZX, Taichung Sen; ZZA, Zhenzhuai; YD 2, Yangdao 2; YD 6, Yangdao 6; YLY 6, Yangliangyou 6; LYPJ, Liangyoupeijiu.

图4 不同灌溉方式对稻米淀粉相对结晶度的影响 AWD－干湿交替灌溉;CI－常规灌溉。TZX－台中籼;ZZA－珍珠矮;YD 2－扬稻2号;YD 6－扬稻6号;YLY 6－扬两优6号;LYPJ－两优培九。不同小写字母表示在0.05 水平差异显著。

Fig. 4. Effects of different irrigation methods on relative crystallinity of rice starch. AWD, Alternate wetting and drying irrigation; CI, Conventional irrigation. TZX, Taichung Sen; ZZA, Zhenzhuai; YD 2, Yangdao 2; YD 6, Yangdao 6; YLY 6, Yangliangyou 6; LYPJ, Liangyoupeijiu. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level.

图5 不同灌溉方式对水稻根干质量和根冠比的影响 AWD－干湿交替灌溉;CI－常规灌溉。MT－分蘖中期;PI－穗分化始期;HD－抽穗期;MA－成熟期。TZX－台中籼;ZZA－珍珠矮;YD 2－扬稻2号;YD 6－扬稻6号;YLY 6－扬两优6号;LYPJ－两优培九。不同小写字母表示在0.05 水平差异显著。

Fig. 5. Effects of different irrigation methods on root dry weight and root-shoot ratio of rice. AWD, Alternate wetting and drying irrigation; CI, Conventional irrigation. MT, Mid-tillering stage; PI, Panicle initiation stage; HD, Heading stage; MA, Maturity stage. TZX, Taichung Sen; ZZA, Zhenzhuai; YD 2, Yangdao 2; YD 6, Yangdao 6; YLY 6, Yangliangyou 6; LYPJ, Liangyoupeijiu. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level.

图6 不同灌溉方式对水稻根系氧化力的影响 AWD－干湿交替灌溉;CI－常规灌溉。PI－穗分化始期;HD－抽穗期;MF－灌浆中期。TZX－台中籼;ZZA－珍珠矮;YD2－扬稻2号;YD6－扬稻6号;YLY6－扬两优6号;LYPJ－两优培九。不同小写字母表示在0.05 水平差异显著。

Fig. 6. Effects of different irrigation methods on root oxidation activity of rice. AWD, Alternate wetting and drying irrigation; CI, Conventional irrigation. PI, Panicle initiation stage; HD, Heading stage; MF, Mid-filling stage. TZX, Taichung Sen; ZZA, Zhenzhuai; YD2, Yangdao 2; YD6, Yangdao 6; YLY6, Yangliangyou 6; LYPJ, Liangyoupeijiu. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level.

图7 不同灌溉方式对水稻根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收表面积的影响 AWD－干湿交替灌溉;CI－常规灌溉。PI－穗分化始期;HD－抽穗期;MF－灌浆中期。TZX－台中籼;ZZA－珍珠矮;YD 2－扬稻2号;YD 6－扬稻6号;YLY 6－扬两优6号;LYPJ－两优培九。不同小写字母表示在0.05 水平差异显著。

Fig. 7. Effects of different irrigation methods on root total absorbing surface area and active absorbing surface area of rice. AWD, Alternate wetting and drying irrigation; CI, Conventional irrigation. PI, Panicle initiation stage; HD, Heading stage; MF, Mid-filling stage. TZX, Taichung Sen; ZZA, Zhenzhuai; YD 2, Yangdao 2; YD 6: Yangdao 6; YLY 6: Yangliangyou 6; LYPJ, Liangyoupeijiu. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level.

图8 不同灌溉方式对水稻根系伤流液中Z+ZR和ABA含量的影响 AWD－干湿交替灌溉;CI－常规灌溉。PI－穗分化始期;HD－抽穗期;MF－灌浆中期。TZX－台中籼;ZZA－珍珠矮;YD 2－扬稻2号;YD 6－扬稻6号;YLY 6－扬两优6号;LYPJ－两优培九。不同小写字母表示在0.05 水平差异显著。

Fig. 8. Effects of different irrigation methods on Z+ZR and ABA contents in rice root bleeding sap of rice. AWD, Alternate wetting and drying irrigation; CI, Conventional irrigation. PI, Panicle initiation stage; HD, Heading stage; MF, Mid-filling stage. TZX, Taichung Sen; ZZA, Zhenzhuai; YD 2, Yangdao 2; YD 6, Yangdao 6; YLY 6, Yangliangyou 6; LYPJ, Liangyoupeijiu. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level.

图9 根系特征和产量、水分利用效率及稻米品质的相关性分析 RDW－根干质量;RSR－根冠比;ROA－根系氧化力;RTASA－根系总吸收表面积;RAASA－根系活跃吸收表面积;Zr－根系伤流液中玉米素+玉米素核苷含量;Ar－根系伤流液中脱落酸含量。MT－分蘖中期;PI－穗分化始期;HD－抽穗期;MF－灌浆中期;MA－成熟期。红色和蓝色圆圈分别表示参数之间的负相关或正相关关系。颜色越深，相关性越高。*、**和***分别表示在P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001水平上有显著性差异。

Fig. 9. Correlation of root characteristics with yield, water use efficiency and grain quality. RDW, Root dry weight; RSR, Root-shoot ratio; ROA, Root oxidation activity; RTASA, Root total absorbing surface area; RAASA, Root active absorbing surface area; Zr, Z+ZR content in root bleeding sap; Ar, ABA content in root bleeding sap; MT, Mid-tillering stage; PI, Panicle initiation stage; HD, Heading stage; MF, Middle grain filling stage; MA, Maturity stage. The red and blue circles indicate negative or positive correlations between parameters, respectively. The darker the color is, the closer the correlation is. *, ** and *** indicate significant differences at P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001 levels, respectively.

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中籼水稻品种改良过程中米质和根系特征对灌溉方式的响应

Response of Grain Quality and Root Characteristics to Irrigation Methods During Mid-season indica Rice Varieties Improvement

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