中国水稻科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 531-542.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210808

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

“水稻-再生稻”种植模式专用肥轻简施用对产量、肥料利用率及经济效益的影响

王敏羽1, 戴志刚3, 余德芳4, 王向平5, 关绍华6, 邵远刚7, 张家学8, 李小坤1,2()   

  1. 1.华中农业大学 资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,武汉 430070
    2.再生稻生产与产业化技术湖北省工程研究中心,武汉 430070
    3.湖北省耕地质量与肥料工作总站,武汉 430070
    4.湖北省孝感市孝南区土壤肥料工作站,湖北 孝感 432100
    5.湖北省荆州市洪湖市土壤肥料工作站,湖北 荆州 433200
    6.湖北省荆门市钟祥市土壤肥料工作站,湖北 荆门 431900
    7.湖北省孝感市应城市农业技术推广中心,湖北 应城 432400
    8.湖北省黄冈市蕲春县土壤肥料工作站,湖北 蕲春 435399
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-16 修回日期:2022-02-21 出版日期:2022-09-10 发布日期:2022-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 李小坤
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503123);湖北省水稻“三优”科技创新行动项目

Effects of Simplified Application of Dedicated Fertilizer on Yield, Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Economic Benefit in Rice-ratoon Rice System

WANG Minyu1, DAI Zhigang3, YU Defang4, WANG Xiangping5, GUAN Shaohua6, SHAO Yuangang7, ZHANG Jiaxue8, LI Xiaokun1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/ Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
    2. Hubei Engineering Research Center for Ratooning Rice Production and Industrialization Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
    3. Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Station of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
    4. Xiaogan District Soil Fertilizer Workstation, Xiaogan 432100, China
    5. Honghu Soil Fertilizer Workstation, Jingzhou 433200, China
    6. Zhongxiang Soil Fertilizer Workstation, Jingmen 433200, China
    7. Yingcheng Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Xiaogan 432400, China
    8. Qichun Soil Fertilizer Workstation, Qichun 435399, China
  • Received:2021-08-16 Revised:2022-02-21 Online:2022-09-10 Published:2022-09-09
  • Contact: LI Xiaokun

摘要:

【目的】研究明确“水稻-再生稻”体系施用专用肥对产量、产量构成因子、肥料利用率和经济效益的影响,为“水稻-再生稻”的轻简科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】采用多点田间试验,设置不施肥(T1)、当地农民习惯施肥(T2)、专用肥(T3)等3个处理。分别测定不同处理的产量、产量构成因子和氮、磷、钾养分含量,从而计算养分积累量、肥料利用率和经济效益。【结果】施肥可以显著提高稻谷产量,与T1相比,9个试验点的T2处理头季稻和再生稻平均增产56.0%和89.4%;T3处理平均增产75.3%和108.9%;与T2相比,T3处理头季稻、再生稻以及两季总产量分别增加了1006 kg/hm2、356 kg/hm2和1362 kg/hm2,增幅分别为12.4%、10.3%和11.8%。T3处理相较于T2处理,每穗粒数增加了20粒,增幅达到10.5%。养分吸收结果显示,与T2处理相比,T3处理头季水稻地上部氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)的积累量分别增加了7.4%、6.8%和10.2%;再生季分别增加了5.9%、16.6%和24.4%。不同试验点T3处理氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥回收利用率均有提高的趋势,与T2处理相比,最高分别增加25.3%、93.8%和143.7%。在9个试验点,纯收入平均提高了6.19×103 元/hm2。【结论】专用肥的施用可以显著提高“水稻-再生稻”种植模式稻谷产量,增加地上部养分吸收量,提高肥料利用率,减少施肥次数,提高经济效益。

关键词: 专用肥, 再生稻, 产量, 肥料利用率, 经济效益

Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of simplified application of dedicated fertilizer on yield, yield components, fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefit were studied and clarified in the system of rice-ratoon rice to lay a theoretical basis for the simplified and scientific fertilization. 【Method】Multi-site field experiments were designed with no fertilizer (T1), local farmers’ practice (T2) and dedicated and simplified fertilizer (T3). The yield, yield components, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration of different treatments were determined to calculate the nutrient accumulation, fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefit. 【Result】Fertilization could significantly increase the yield of rice. Compared with T1 treatment, the main rice and ratoon rice in nine experimental sites under T2 treatment increased by 56.0% and 89.4%, respectively; For T3 treatment, by 75.3% and 108.9%. Compared with T2 treatment, the total grain yield of T3 treatment in the main season, the ratooning season and the two seasons increased by 1006 kg/hm2, 356 kg/hm2 and 1362 kg/hm2, with increasing rates of 12.4%, 10.3% and 11.8%. Compared with T2 treatment, the number of grains per panicle of T3 treatment increased by 20 grains or 10.5%. The results showed that the Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P2O5) and Potassium (K2O) accumulation in the main season in above-ground rice plants increased by 7.4%, 6.8% and 10.2% in T3 treatment. Compared with T2 treatment, the ratoon rice increased by 5.9%, 16.6% and 24.4%. The partial factor productivity from applied N, apparent recovery efficiency of applied N and agronomic efficiency of applied N of T3 treatment at different experimental sites increased, with the highest increase of 25.3%, 93.8% and 143.7%, respectively as compared with T2 treatment. In the nine experimental sites, net income increased by 6.19×103 Yuan/hm2 on average. 【Conclusion】The results showed that the application of dedicated and simplified fertilizer could significantly increase the rice yield, the nutrient uptake of above-ground parts, and improve the fertilizer use efficiency, reduce the times of fertilization and increase economic benefits.

Key words: dedicated fertilizer, ratoon rice, yield, fertilizer use efficiency, economic benefit