水稻粒形遗传与长粒型优质粳稻育种进展

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.7115

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻粒形遗传机制和粒形育种一直是水稻品质和产量研究的重要领域。在粳稻品种选育中,对长粒形遗传种质的选择,已经成为近年来一种新的育种趋势。我们在总结粒长及其相关性状的遗传研究进展和已知粒长相关基因功能的基础上,系统地介绍了南方稻区长粒粳稻的育种历程及其选育策略。同时,对以品种嘉禾218为代表的南方长粒晚粳稻系列品种农艺性状和品质特性进行了比较,在阐明长粒粳稻优质、高产的品种特点的同时,提出长粒晚粳育种中选择粒形、兼顾株型、保产提质的选育思路。

关键词: 粳稻, 粒长, 基因, 育种

Abstract:

The genetic dissection and breeding of rice grain shape has always been an important subject in rice genetics. The long-grain shape has been a new favored quality trait in the breeding of japonica rice in recent years. While summarizing the genetic research progress in grain length-related traits and the corresponding gene function, we also systematically introduced the breeding course and selection strategy of long-grain japonica rice. Meanwhile, the agronomic and quality traits of long grain japonica varieties, represented by Jiahe 218, were compared with those of typical japonica rice varieties. Based on the successful breeding of long-grain japonica rice with high quality and high yield, we put forward the breeding strategy that combines grain shape selection, plant architecture optimization with yield and quality.

Key words: japonica, grain length, gene, breeding

中图分类号:

黄海祥, 钱前. 水稻粒形遗传与长粒型优质粳稻育种进展[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(6): 665-672.

Haixiang HUANG, Qian QIAN. Progress in Genetic Research of Rice Grain Shape and Breeding Achievements of Long-grain Shape and Good Quality japonica Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(6): 665-672.

图/表 3

参考文献 38

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品种 Cultivar	糙米率 Brown rice rate /%	精米率 Milled rice rate /%	整精米率 Head milled rice rate/%	粒长 Grain length /mm	长宽比 Length-width ratio	垩白粒率 Chalky rice rate /%
嘉禾218 Jiahe 218	84.7	77.8	58.2	7.0	3.0	6
嘉禾288 Jiahe 288	84.5	75.6	70.8	5.4	1.8	54
嘉禾291 Jiahe 291	85.0	77.5	70.3	6.6	2.4	12
秀水63 Xiushui 63	83.4	74.9	71.3	4.9	1.7	20
粳稻一级 J1	≥84.0	≥77.0	≥72.0	-	-	≤10
籼稻一级 I1	≥81.0	≥73.0	≥50.0	≥6.6	≥2.8	≤10
品种 Cultivar	垩白度 Chalkiness degree	透明度 Transparency	碱消值 Alkali spreading value	胶稠度 Gel consistency/mm	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content /%	蛋白质含量 Protein content /%
嘉禾218 Jiahe 218	0.6	1	7.0	74	16.6	9.3
嘉禾288 Jiahe 288	7.9	2	7.0	74	14.7	9.8
嘉禾291 Jiahe 291	1.5	1	7.0	81	16.5	10.2
秀水63 Xiushui 63	4.0	2	7.0	72	15.2	8.9
粳稻一级J1	≤1.0	1	≥7.0	≥80	15.0~18.0	≥9.0
籼稻一级I1	≤2.0	1	≥6.0	≥70	17.0~22.0	≥10.0

品种 Cultivar	糙米率 Brown rice rate /%	精米率 Milled rice rate /%	整精米率 Head milled rice rate/%	粒长 Grain length /mm	长宽比 Length-width ratio	垩白粒率 Chalky rice rate /%
嘉禾218 Jiahe 218	84.7	77.8	58.2	7.0	3.0	6
嘉禾288 Jiahe 288	84.5	75.6	70.8	5.4	1.8	54
嘉禾291 Jiahe 291	85.0	77.5	70.3	6.6	2.4	12
秀水63 Xiushui 63	83.4	74.9	71.3	4.9	1.7	20
粳稻一级 J1	≥84.0	≥77.0	≥72.0	-	-	≤10
籼稻一级 I1	≥81.0	≥73.0	≥50.0	≥6.6	≥2.8	≤10
品种 Cultivar	垩白度 Chalkiness degree	透明度 Transparency	碱消值 Alkali spreading value	胶稠度 Gel consistency/mm	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content /%	蛋白质含量 Protein content /%
嘉禾218 Jiahe 218	0.6	1	7.0	74	16.6	9.3
嘉禾288 Jiahe 288	7.9	2	7.0	74	14.7	9.8
嘉禾291 Jiahe 291	1.5	1	7.0	81	16.5	10.2
秀水63 Xiushui 63	4.0	2	7.0	72	15.2	8.9
粳稻一级J1	≤1.0	1	≥7.0	≥80	15.0~18.0	≥9.0
籼稻一级I1	≤2.0	1	≥6.0	≥70	17.0~22.0	≥10.0

品种 Cultivar	株高 Plant height /cm	穗长 Panicle length /cm		单株穗数 No. of panicles per plant		每穗总粒数 No. of grains per panicle		实粒数 No. of filled grains per panicle
嘉禾291 Jiahe 291	97.8	16.9		21.5		103.1		93.9
嘉禾288 Jiahe 288	95.6	15.5		20.8		131.5		112.7
秀水134 Xiushui 134(CK)	90.8	14.8		21.2		128.9		109.9
品种 Cultivar	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%		千粒重 1000-grain rate/g		实产 Yield/(kg∙667 m^-2)		产量增减 Compared to CK/%
嘉禾291 Jiahe 291	91.1		33.8		667.2		12.2
嘉禾288 Jiahe 288	85.7		27.6		635.5		6.9
秀水134 Xiushui 134(CK)	85.2		26.7		594.4

品种 Cultivar	株高 Plant height /cm	穗长 Panicle length /cm		单株穗数 No. of panicles per plant		每穗总粒数 No. of grains per panicle		实粒数 No. of filled grains per panicle
嘉禾291 Jiahe 291	97.8	16.9		21.5		103.1		93.9
嘉禾288 Jiahe 288	95.6	15.5		20.8		131.5		112.7
秀水134 Xiushui 134(CK)	90.8	14.8		21.2		128.9		109.9
品种 Cultivar	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%		千粒重 1000-grain rate/g		实产 Yield/(kg∙667 m^-2)		产量增减 Compared to CK/%
嘉禾291 Jiahe 291	91.1		33.8		667.2		12.2
嘉禾288 Jiahe 288	85.7		27.6		635.5		6.9
秀水134 Xiushui 134(CK)	85.2		26.7		594.4