中国水稻科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 1-12.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230503

• 综述与专论 •    下一篇

基因编辑及全基因组选择技术在水稻育种中的应用展望

梁楚炎1,2, 巫明明2, 黄凤明1,2, 翟荣荣2, 叶靖2, 朱国富2, 俞法明2, 张小明2, 叶胜海2,*()   

  1. 1中国计量大学 生命科学学院,杭州 310018
    2浙江省农业科学院 作物与核技术利用研究所,杭州 310021
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-11 修回日期:2023-07-18 出版日期:2024-01-10 发布日期:2024-01-16
  • 通讯作者: * email: shenghaiye@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省水稻新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02063-5);海南省重点研发计划资助项目(ZDYF2023XDNY086);浙江省部共建农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室开放课题资助项目(2010DS700124);浙江省“尖兵领雁”研发攻关计划资助项目(2023C02055);浙江省“尖兵领雁”研发攻关计划资助项目(2022C02034)

Prospects for the Application of Gene Editing and Genomic Selection in Rice Breeding

LIANG Chuyan1,2, WU Mingming2, HUANG Fengming1,2, ZHAI Rongrong2, YE Jing2, ZHU Guofu2, YU Faming2, ZHANG Xiaoming2, YE Shenghai2,*()   

  1. 1College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
    2Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
  • Received:2023-05-11 Revised:2023-07-18 Online:2024-01-10 Published:2024-01-16
  • Contact: * email: shenghaiye@163.com

摘要:

水稻是我国主要的粮食作物。由于我国人多地少的现状,长期以来水稻的育种目标是以产量为导向。我国科研人员通过协同攻关实现了水稻育种技术突破,矮化育种和杂交水稻育种技术的利用促进了水稻产量两次大的飞跃。随着我国消费者生活水平的提高以及极端天气出现的频次上升,水稻育种对品质、抗性与耐逆等也提出了更高要求。目前,生物技术正在不断革新,特别是基因编辑和全基因组选择育种技术的迅速发展,为高产优质多抗耐逆的水稻新品种选育提供强有力支持,推动着我国水稻生产向绿色可持续发展。本文就基因编辑技术和全基因组选择技术在水稻高产优质、抗病虫、耐逆及杂种优势育种应用中的新进展进行简述,旨在为高效培育能够满足市场需求的水稻新品种提供一些育种思路。

关键词: 水稻, 育种技术, 基因编辑, 全基因组选择

Abstract:

Rice is the main grain crop in China. Due to large population and limited land resources in China, rice breeding goals have long been yield oriented. Chinese researchers have continuously achieved breakthroughs in rice breeding technology, and the adoption of dwarf breeding and hybrid rice breeding technology has resulted in two significant leaps in rice yield in China. However, with the improvement of living standards and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, higher demands have been placed on rice in terms of yield, quality, and resistance. At present, biotechnology is undergoing constant innovation, particularly with the rapid development of gene editing and genomic selection breeding technology. This progress is expected to provide robust support for the development of new rice varieties with high yield, superior quality, and resistance to multiple factors. It helps promote the green and sustainable development of rice production. This paper reviews the recent advancements in gene editing technology and genomic selection technology in rice breeding for high yield, superior quality, disease and insect resistance, stress tolerance, and heterosis. The goal is to provide breeding strategies for the efficient development of new varieties to meet demands.

Key words: rice, breeding techniques, gene editing, genomic selection