Archive

10 July 2001, Volume 15 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
研究报告
实验技术
综述与专论
研究简报


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

研究报告

Select

Mapping of a Fertility-Restoring Gene for Dwarf-Wild-Abortive CMS in Rice XIE Jian-kun ,ZHUANG Jie-yun ,FAN Ye-yang ,TU Guo-qing ,XIA Ying-wu ,ZHENG Kang-le 2001, 15(3): 161-164 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (145KB) ( )   In a population consisting of 210 test crosses of Xieqingzao A/(Xieqingzao B/Milyang 46)F6 , RFLP and SSLP markers were assayed to determine restorer genes for dwarf wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) in rice. A major gene explaining 43.2% of the total phenotypic variation was mapped in the interval RZ811-RG561 on chromosome 10, with the most likely position being 4.0 cM to RZ811. The same result was obtained by linkage analysis based on sterile extremes and fertile extremes.

Select

Protein Markers of BT Type Hybrid and Its Three Lines in Japonica Rice(Oryxa sativa L) HONG De-lin ,H SATIOH ,T KUMAMARU ,QU Le-qing ,U S SADAR 2001, 15(3): 165-168 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (258KB) ( )   Seeds of CMS line Liuqianxin A with BT cytoplasm, maintainer line Liuqianxin B, restorer lines Liuqianxin R, 77302-1, F1 and F2 of Liuqianxin A/77302-1 in japonica rice were analyzed for endosperm storage proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results showed that in glutelin α-3 area, restorer lines had two bands α-3a and α-3b while Liuqianxin A and Liuqianxin B had only one band α-3. In F2 generation, seeds with α-3 and seeds with α-3a plus α-3b segregated into 1∶1 ratio. Moving rate of glutelin α-4 band in restorer lines was faster than that in Liu qianxin A. The faster α-4 was designated as α-4f. Seeds with α-4 and seeds with α-4 plus α-4f also segregated into 1∶1 ratio in F2, which are consistent with the segregation of restorer gene of gametophytic type. Pedigree analysis indicates that the bands α-3a and α-3b in Liuqianxin R derived from IR8. Prolamin in Liuqianxin A is easier to extract than that in Liuqianxin B.

Select

Diversity and Good Germplasm of Indigenous Rice Varieties in Yunnan Province ZENG Ya-wen,LI Zi-chao,SHEN Shi-quan,WANG Xiang-kun,YANG Zhong-yi,ZHANG Hong-liang,CHEN Yu-min 2001, 15(3): 169-174 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (182KB) ( )   Diversity and good germplasm were studied based on 5285 accessions in Yunnan indigenous rice varieties. The results showed that:(1) Yunnan Province is the most center of genetic diversity for Chinese cultivated rice and the central region and natural treasurehouse of good resources in China. There is great clear difference on diversity among characters, especially between prefectures,the diversity of Yunnan rice was classified into the center area, diffuse area and wasteland area.(2) Yunnan Province is the enrich center of good germplasm in Yunnan rice,Yunnan rice is the best material of researching the core collection.(3) The core collection established based on Yunnan rice resources could used to build the ideal core collection bank,but also definitude the phylogenesis law of good germplasm resources and establish the dynamic gene bank of core collection.

Select

Agronomic Characteristic Index for Screening Zn-Efficient Rice Genotype WANG Ren-min ,YANG Xiao-e 2001, 15(3): 175-181 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (216KB) ( )   A series of experiments of chelator buffered nutrient solution culture of pZn2+ (9.7,10.3,10.6,11.0,11.3 and >11.5) were conducted with the Zn-efficient rice cultivars IR34, IR36, IR8192 and Zn inefficient rice cultivars IR26, Erjiufeng, Ce64-7, to study the differences of different Zn efficient rice genotype in agronomic characteristics. There is significant difference to resistance zinc deficiency among different rice genotypes. There are obvious distinction in effect of low zinc activities on agronomic characteristics of rice seedlings. Of them, there are obvious differences in leaf growth rate, relative leaf number and plant height, especially, sheath length. In additional, the zinc activity which has the most difference of effect on these indexes is about pZn2+ 10.6～11.0, and might be the best one to screen zinc efficient rice genotype.

Select

Energy Cost for Growth, Ion Uptake and Maintenance of Hybrid Rice Ganhua 7 SHI Qing-hua ,Ries de VISSER 2001, 15(3): 182-186 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (196KB) ( )   Respiratory energy costs for growth, ion uptake and maintenance were determined on roots of hybrid rice, Ganhua 7 and one of its parents Guangkangjing 2. These three components of respiration were determined by two approaches: (i) multiple regression of root respiration on relative growth rate (RGR) and ion uptake rate under plant growth conditions, and (ii) comparison of root respiration and ion uptake in the absence and presence of mineral ions in the root medium. The results obtained by both methods are consistent. On average, roots of the fast growing F1 hybrid showed a 60% higher RGR, a 24% higher rate of O2 uptake, and a 16% higher rate of ATP production than roots of the parent having the same dry weight. The root growth respiration coefficient (1/Y) of the F1 hybrid was 26 mmol/g dry weight, about 45% lower than that in the parent. The maintenance coefficients and the energy requirements for anion uptake were not significantly different between the hybrid and its parent.

Select

Variation of Rice Quality Traits under Different Climate Conditions and Its Main Affected Factors CHENG Fang-min,ZHONG Lian-jin 2001, 15(3): 187-191 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (150KB) ( )   Based on the experiment with 20 varieties and 11 sowing date, the variable parameter of 10 quality traits among 11 sowing date, also the relative important degree of those climate factors upon the quality traits were analysed by the partial correlation analysis. The result showed that 10 quality traits could be divided into three types according to its variation coefficient, in which the grain length and grain shape was stable, but chalkiness degree and alkali value was sensitive; compared with the earlier sowing date, there were lower chalkiness degree and higher head milled rice rate and alkali value in late sowing date. Considering amylose content, its trend had a close relationship with amylose content types of variety. The mean daily air temperature was the most important climate factor considering its effect upon rice quality, the second was daily mean temperature difference, daily mean sunshine, and daily mean solar radiation, but daily mean relative humidity and daily mean rainfall was less important to the variation of rice quality traits.

Select

Formation Basis of Rice Mist Endosperm Appearance and Its Rapid Identifying Factors WU Dian-xing,XIA Ying-wu,LI Xu-cheng 2001, 15(3): 192-196 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (227KB) ( )   The differences in endosperm appearance were investigated among the varieties or lines of early indica, sterile lines, restorer lines and several combinations of hybrid rice after 3 month storage in room condition. The result indicated that the mist trait was specific endosperm appearance, which was closely related to low apparent amylose content, its formation basis was obviously reflected in the differences of starch structure and morphology. The experiment of seed aging revealed that seed moisture and aging were two key factors for rapid identifying mist trait. In breeding practice, two methods such as higher temperature or higher temperature with higher moisture pretreatment can be utilized to quickly recognize mist endosperm appearance, and can use the marker to conveniently eliminate low amylose materials in early generations.

Select

The Sex Pheromone of the Rice Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis in Paddy Fields: Sticky Trap and Lure Storage Time and Lure Dosage SU Jian-wei,ZHANG Gui-fen,FAN Wei-ming,XUAN Wei-jian,SHENG Cheng-fa 2001, 15(3): 197-200 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (166KB) ( )   Certain factors which could affect pheromone trap performance were studied under field conditions, in order to develop methods for population controlling of Chilo suppressalis (Walker), using female sex attractants. Field results showed that the dose of 300 μg sex pheromones per lure was a preferably applied type among the serial of lure doses tested. The longer the lure storage time kept in cool condition, the less the catch of lure was. The efficiency of lures with the storage time over one year was significantly declined. Catches of male stem borer moths in four types of trap ( one lure per trap ) were compared. Water trap caught the highest number of males and was more efficient among them. Soil-trap and Sticky-trap were slightly efficient types in catching males though in lesser numbers and would be applied because of their cheapness and ease operation. The size of catches at different levels varied in the fields. The plant height is the optimum height for trapping.

Select

Analysis on the Indigenous Nutrient Supply Capacity of Rice Soils in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province WANG Guang-huo ,A. DOBERMANN ,C. WITT ,SUN Qing-zu ,FU Rong-xing 2001, 15(3): 201-205 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (161KB) ( )   On farm experiments involving 21 rice growing farmer families and a long term NPK fertilizer experiment since 1997 in Jinhua of Zhejiang Province to assess the current status of soil fertility and productivity under intensive rice rice cropping. Soil indigenous supply of N, P and K was estimated in nutrient omission plots (PK, NK, NP). Among the 21 farms located within a small domain, the indigenous N supply capacity ranged from 49 to 116 kg/ha, indigenous P supply capacity ranged from 13-32 kg/ha, indigenous K supply capacity ranged from 68-183 kg/ha. Farmers applied high fertilizer rates, but current average rice yields of about 6 t/ha were only about 60% of the climatic and genetic yield potential. N use efficiency was low and very variable among farms. On average, the apparent recovery efficiency of applied N was only 14%-26%. The average agronomic efficiency was only 4.6-8.2 kg grain yield increase per kilogram N applied. The long term fertilizer experiment showed that soil available nutrient pool depletion might occur very fast under consecutive crops grown without fertilizer application. Implications for developing a new approach of site specific nutrient management were also discussed.

实验技术

Select

An Objective Method to Measure Chalkiness of Rice Grain XIAO Lang-tao ,LI Dong-hui ,LIN Wan-huang ,HONG Bin ,HONG Ya-hui 2001, 15(3): 206-208 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (116KB) ( )   A new software Chalkiness1.0 using Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 based on the Windows98 environment was developed successfully. The software can read the digital images of rice samples and measure the chalkiness index quickly, objectively and accurately. If combined with a computer and a scanner, an intact and efficient chalkiness measuring system is conveniently developed.

综述与专论

Select

The Status and Strategy on Drought Resistance of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) LUO Li-jun ,ZHANG Qi-fa 2001, 15(3): 209-214 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (184KB) ( )   The shortage of water resources has become the crisis faced by the world. Water is becoming a restricted factor of agricultural development. Developing drought resistance rice varieties and cultivating rice in limited water condition not only saving water in a large degree but also increasing and stabilizing yield, economizing energy and minimizing environment pollution. Drought resistance includes drought escape, dehydration avoidance, drought tolerance and drought recovery. The morphological and physiological studies have opened out a lot of rice traits related with drought resistance. The root and leaf characters, growth duration, osmotic adjustment and ABA content were relative closely with drought resistance of rice. Recently, mapping drought resistance gene (QTLs) using molecular markers was conducted. The great progress has been achieved in variety improvement. The strategy of drought resistance studies is developing drought resistance variety and introducing appropriate cultivation technology to increase rice yield as well as save water resources. Focusing on breeding drought resistance rice varieties in rainfed lowland and high yield upland rice, the major objectives are: 1) establishing representative base for drought resistance research; 2) screening and improving drought resistance germplasm; 3) conducting drought physiology and genetics studies; 4) transforming drought resistance gene to rice; 5) setting up water limited cultivation technology.

研究简报

Select

Establishment of Fingerprint Map of Ning 2A with Simple Sequence Repeat Markers YU Yong-hong,LI Yun-hai,MA Rong-rong,WANG Xiao-yan,HU Guo-cheng,SI Hua-min,FU Ya-ping,SUN Zong-xiu 2001, 15(3): 215-217 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (108KB) ( )   DNA fingerprint map of hybrid rice Ning 2A was established by using selected four SSR primer pairs. The result showed that the first band of RM206 and RM224 of SSR primer pairs is existed specially in Ning 2A. By analyzing genetic relationship between Ning 2A and other parents of hybrid rice, it was found that Ning 2A possessed genetic composition of indica, which explained the reason that Ning 2A have stronger affinity with indica at molecular levels.

Select

Preliminary Evaluation for Breeding Advancement of Resistance to Rice Sheath Blight PAN Xue-biao,CHEN Zong-xiang,ZHANG Ya-fang,ZHU Jian,JI Xue-mei 2001, 15(3): 218-220 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (133KB) ( )   Sixty four indica cultivars/lines from Guangdong and Jiangsu Province, Lemont and SY63/LH (susceptible checks) and Jasmine 85 and Teqing (moderate resistant checks), were used to analyze the resistance to rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn). The results indicated that there were highly dominant differences of resistance among these cultivars. The cultivars should be divided into six groups of highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately susceptible, moderately resistant, resistant and higher resistant, by means of Ward Minimum Variance Cluster Analysis. The cultivars from Guangdong distributed in all of six groups, only a fourteenth of them in resistant and higher resistant groups. There was nearly no cultivar of third type in middle disease reaction group. The forth type cultivars, which bred for accumulation of resistance from the cross of Teqing/91 3, just distributed in moderate resistant to resistant groups, 60% of them in resistant group. The scientists of Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute put them attention to breeding of resistance to sheath blight in recent years, so cultivars bred by them just distributed among later groups and two of total three higher resistant cultivars bred by them. The results supported that rice resistance to sheath blight was a hereditable character and selection to resistance was effective.

Select

Analysis on Main Agronomic Traits of a Set of Indica Japonica Rice Recombinant Inbred Lines(RIL) GUO Long-biao,LUO Li-jun,ZHONG Dai-bin,MEI Han-wei,WANG Yi-ping,YU Xing-qiao,YING Cun-shan 2001, 15(3): 221-224 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (151KB) ( )   The plant height, heading date, yield and yield components of a set of 265 “Lemont×Teqing” recombinant inbred lines(RIL) were investigated by variance analysis, correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that significant differences between the parents were detected for all measure traits except plant height and panicle number. The frequency of all traits except panicle number in the RIL populations was approximately normally distributed with slight skew. The tremendous transgressive segregation for all traits was observed in the populations. The correlations between grain weight per plant and seed setting rate, grains per panicle, filled grains per panicle, plant height respectively were significantly positive. All traits except 1000 grain weight exhibited a significant positive correlation with plant height. The sequence of characters contribution to the grain weight per plant were as follows: seed setting rate, panicles per plant, grains per panicle, and 1000 grain weight. These four traits contributed 90.7% of genetic variation of the grain weight per plant. Six elite RILs were selected and evaluated the main agronomic traits. These results could be provided some useful information for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and rice breeding.

Select

Application of Cluster Analysis on Screening Rice Varieties with Durable Resistant to Rice Blast XIAO Fang-hua,CHEN Yong,PENG Shao-qiu,XIAO Ying-hui,LIANG Bin,LIU Er-ming,HUANG Fei-yuan 2001, 15(3): 225-228 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (130KB) ( )   Eight resistant indexes being used as appraisal standards to rice blast,cluster analysis were conducted on 47 Yunnan local rice varieties and Tetep (a rice variety with durable resistance to rice blast) , Moroberekan (a rice variety which is conceived as durable resistance to rice blast) and B40 (a rice variety with high susceptibility to rice blast). The results showed that all rice varieties examined each year from 1996 to 1999 could be divided into six, six, four and three groups respectively. Two resistant control varieties, Tetep and Moroberekan, were divided into the groups moderately resistant to susceptible to rice blast. However, three Yunan local rice varieties, Dabaigu, Haolongzao, and Haoyulang had higher resistance to rice blast than that of the two resistant control varieties. The results from four years also showed that cluster analysis could be an objective and practical method for screening rice varieties which are resistant to rice blast.

Select

A Comparison of Population Biology of Macropterous and Brachypterous Adults of Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) ZHU Zeng-rong,CHENG Jia-an,LIU Yong-jun 2001, 15(3): 229-232 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (176KB) ( )   Life history traits of winged (macropterous) and flightless (brachypterous) females of the rice white backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) were compared under controlled favorite laboratory conditions (rice seedlings of susceptible variety TN1 as host plant, in a walk in incubator under 26℃,RH85%). Although the total fecundity of the two wing forms of adults were almost equal (704 eggs/female), the brachypters shortened their nymphal development duration and preoviposition period, reached their oviposition peak earlier, therefore increased their intrinsic rate of increase (r m). The survival rates of both wing forms were equally closed to 100% in the first 5 days after emergence, thereafter, macropters survived better than brachypters, so the longevity of macropters was longer than brachypters. The higher regression coefficient in the significant positive relationship between the fecundity and the total fecundity of brachypters than macropters indicated that brachypterous females with the same age as macropters females were proportionally more fecund. The experiments showed that brachypters of S. furcifera had significant life historical advantages compared to macropters, though their total fecundities were same.

Select

Analysis of Climatic Factor Effects on the Caloric Value of Two Rice Varieties under Different Nitrogen Levels YANG Jing-ping,Wekesa BONIFACE,JIANG Ning,CHEN Jie 2001, 15(3): 233-236 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (129KB) ( )   The relationship between the climatic factors and the caloric value of two rice varieties (early rice Jiayu 948 and late rice Jiayu 93390)under different N levels(0, 80, 120, 160, 200 kg/hm2)was analyzed in 1999. The results indicated that the caloric value varied in the developmental stage of rice with the lowest value appearing at panicle initiation and the highest value at maximum tillering or flowering stage. The caloric value increased with the increase of N amount in two varieties. The main climatic factors produced the influence on the rice caloric value were daily temperature gap, minimum temperature, total hours of sunshine, daily mean hours of sunshine, rainfall. The hours of sunshine produced negative effects on the caloric value. The daily temperature gap accounted the main effects on the caloric value of two rice varieties and with the minimum coefficient variation. The minimum temperature showed the negative impact on the early rice caloric value with great variation. The experiment results indicated the caloric value of early rice was 17058 J/g and that of late rice was 16978 J/g in average. The temperature produced main effects on the caloric value in early rice, which was greater than that of hours of sunshine or radiation, but for late rice the temperature and hours of sunshine played more important effect on the caloric value than rainfall.

Select

Distribution of Ca2+ and Ca2+-ATPase in Root Apical Cells of Rice under Submergence Stress LI Yang-sheng ,WANG Jian-bo 2001, 15(3): 237-240 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (327KB) ( )   Changes of Ca2+ and Ca2+-ATPase distribution in root apical cells of rice under submergence stress were determined by cytochemical methods. Grown under normal environment, Ca 2+ mainly distributed in vacuoles and intercellular space, and there was little Ca2+ in matrix of cytoplasm and nucleus. Moreover, Ca2+-ATPase was demonstrated on plasma membrane, as well as on membrane of endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and nucleus. Alternatively, the distribution of Ca2+ and Ca2+-ATPase changed obviously under submergence stress. The Ca2+ in vacuoles and intercellular space decreased and it deposited in matrix of cytoplasm and nucleus. On the other hand, the viability of Ca2+-ATPase on plasma membrane and other membrane decreased. This distributing change of Ca2+ and Ca2+-ATPase could be one of the reasons that induce roots to be destroyed under submergence stress.