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10 April 2001, Volume 15 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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研究报告
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研究报告

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Adaptability of Photo-Thermo Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice Line to Climate Condition in China LU Xing-gui ,YUAN Qian-hua ,YAO Ke-min ,LIU Mei 2001, 15(2): 81-87 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (176KB) ( )   Based on the data from the experiment “joint ecological determination of new sterile lines” at Sanya, Wuchang, Nanjing, and Guiyang in 1997-1998, fertility variation of Pei′ai64S(a low temperature sensitive sterile line) and N5088S(a photoperiod sensitive sterile line)under different daylength and temperature condition was analyzed. The results showed that the fertility of Pei′ai64S was dominantly affected by temperature and unstable,the critical low temperature for fertility conversion were different among years and cities; and that of N5088S was dominantly affected by daylength, difference of critical daylength for fertility conversion was small in different years in a city,but large in different cities. According to daily mean temperature and theoretical daylength in 1951-1992, space/time patterns in the southern rice region(18°14′-34°17′N), including the areas of Sanya, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Changsha, Hangzhou, Gaoyou,and Xuzhou, were assessed. From an ecological opinion, three techniques for overcoming cool summer injuries to the production of such rice seeds are presented, which are: selecting a appropriate region in a climatic condition; changing seeds production season from autumn to spring in double cropping rice areas, or moving to higher region of single rice cropping region for seeds production at autumn; evaluating comprehensively the features of temperature and photoperiod sensitive sterile lines, and rationally utilizing photo thermo sensitive sterile line based on climatic condition.

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Molecular Location of a Fertility Restorer Gene for BT Type CMS Rice LIANG Guo-hua ,YAN Chang-jie ,TANG Shu-zhu ,ZHAI Wen-xue ,ZHU Li-huang ,GU Ming-hong 2001, 15(2): 88-92 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (180KB) ( )   Inheritance of fertility restoration of BT type CMS was conducted by utilizing a CMS line 731A (A), a CMS maintainer line 731B(B), a CMS restorer line C9083(C) and their (A/C)F1 and (A//B/C)BC1 populations. The results indicated that fertility restoration of C9083 was conditioned by one dominant gene; the parents C9083 and 731A, and their populations (A//B/C)BC1 were also used as plant materials to map this gene with RFLP and microsatellite markers on chromosome 10.This gene was linked with RFLP markers C16 and G291, with recombinant value between the gene and C16 being 19.3% and that between the gene and G291 being 14.0%, therefore the gene might be allelic to the Rf1 gene reported before.

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Analysis on Genetic Effects of Appearance Quality Traits in Japonica Hybrid Rice LIN Jian-rong ,WU Ming-guo ,SHI Chun-hai 2001, 15(2): 93-96 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (123KB) ( )   Four male sterile lines and nine restorer lines were used in incomplete diallel crosses to analyze the genetic effects of appearance quality traits in japonica hybrid rice by using the genetic model and analysis method for quality traits of endosperms in cereal crops. The results indicated that brown rice length (BRL),ratio of brown rice length to width(L/W) and ratio of brown rice length to thickness (L/T) were mainly controlled by maternal additive effects, but translucency (TR)were mainly controlled by maternal additive and direct additive effects. Chalky grain rate (CGR) and chalkiness (CH) were mainly controlled by direct additive and maternal additive effects, with direct additive effect predominating. The direct, cytoplasmic and maternal heritability were significant or highly significant for most traits. Maternal heritability were the main parts of heritability for BRL, L/W, L/T and TR , but direct heritability were more important for CGR and CH. The potential breeding values of parental lines for the improvement of quality were discussed in respect to predicted values of genetic effects.

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Primary Study on Mechanization of Seed Production of Hybrid Rice by Inducing Bar Gene to Pei'ai 64S FU Ya-ping,ZHU Zheng-ge,XIAO Han,HU Guo-cheng,SI Hua-min,YU Yong-hong,SUN Zong-xiu 2001, 15(2): 97-100 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (152KB) ( )   Using a high efficient rice transformation system mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bar gene was introduced into a photoperiod temperature sensitive genetic male sterile line Pei'ai 64S. The transgenic plants showed the resistance to herbicide Basta. PCR and Southern blot analysis indicate that Bar gene was inserted in genomic DNA of Pei'ai 64S. Simulation on seed production of hybrid rice using transgenic Pei'ai 64S as a female parent was also in successful. This result proved the feasibility of mechanization to produce hybrid rice seeds via gene transformation. The problems on practical utilization of this protocol are discussed.

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Agronomic Traits of Hybrid Progenies Between Bt Transgenic Rice and Conventional Rice Varieties CUI Hai-rui,WANG Zhonghua,SHU Qing-yao,WU Dian-xing,XIA Ying-wu,GAO Ming-wei 2001, 15(2): 101-106 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (207KB) ( )   GUS activity was analyzed by histochemical staining and agronomic traits were observed in hybrid progenies between transgenic Bt rice and conventional rice varieties. Results showed that reporter gene gus was co inherited and co expressed with the insect resistant gene cry1Ab and the GUS histochemical assay can be used to rapidly screen insect resistant plants. And no significant differences in main agronomic traits, such as plant height, panicle length, the number of tillers per plant, days to heading and 1000 grain weight, were found between the two classes of the insect resistant plant and the susceptible plant in the progenies of either indica/japonica crosses or japonica/japonica crosses, providing scientific basis for utilization of transgenic Bt rice in cross breeding for elite varieties with insect resistance.

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Relationship Between Productive Tiller Percentage and Biomass Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.): A Simulation Approach ZHONG Xu-hua,PENG Shao-bing,John E. SHEEHY,LIU Hong-xian <,A style= 2001, 15(2): 107-112 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (190KB) ( )   The relationship between productive tiller percentage (PTP) and biomass accumulation was studied using a simulation approach. The TIL and RGR models were used in the analyses. Results showed that: (1) PTP was significantly (P<0 01) and negatively correlated with maximum tiller number per unit area (nmax), supporting the conclusion drawn from experiments that reducing nmax is a key to increase PTP; (2) The nmax was positively correlated with biomass at panicle initiation, suggesting that a high crop growth rate before panicle initiation results in high nmax; (3) PTP was affected by the trajectory of biomass accumulation. With a given amount of biomass at flowering, the more the biomass at panicle initiation, the lower the PTP. Analysis of an independent data set measured in the field experiment conducted during 1998 dry season at the International Rice Research Institute gave similar results. It seems that an optimized trajectory of biomass accumulation is essential for a rice population to achieve an optimized tiller production and high PTP and grain yield.

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Preliminary Study on the Accumulation Characters of Nutrient and Dry Matter of Dryland Raised Long-Age Seedlings Associated with Scattered-Planting in Rice CHEN Xiao-rong ,PAN Xiao-hua 2001, 15(2): 113-118 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (177KB) ( )   Rice scattered-planting is a new agronomic practice that seed is sowed in the plastic disc with many holes and is scattered when the seedlings are transplanted to the field. It needs no transplanting by hand and much less labor. The accumulation characters of NPK and dry matter of this new practice using two line hybrid rice associated with long-age seedlings of two seasons were studied. The results are as follows: Long age seedlings associated with scattered planting obviously promoted the accumulation of NPK and dry matter in the aerial part of rice plant, especially at early and middle growth stage. Its per unit area NPK and dry matter in panicle increased faster after full heading, and the NPK and dry matter transportation ratio of the stem and leaf was lower and the ratio of the panicle was lower too, the production efficiency of NPK was lower. Its tillers grew rapidly, and per unit area panicles and spikelets were more, so it could make full use of the population dominance and increase the yield.

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Effect of Flowering Sequence of Spikelets on Endosperm Cells and Grain Quality of Rice LIU Li-jun ,XIE Guang-hui 2001, 15(2): 119-124 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (162KB) ( )   Using different rice cultivars as materials, effect of flowering sequence on endosperm cells (ECs) and grain quality was analyzed. The results showed that with the delaying of anthesis of spikelets in a panicle, ECs decreased, chalky percentage (CP) and chalkiness (CN) increased while gelatinization temperature (GT) and amylose content (AC) decreased. Grain qualities significantly correlated with ECs, but not significantly correlated with single endosperm cell weight. ECs and GT increased significantly while CP and CN decreased when removing 1/2 plants at booting stage or spraying 6-BA [6-(benzyl) adenine] at early heading stage, and the results were reversed when cutting 1/2 leaves at booting stage. These results suggested that the difference of ECs resulted in different rice grain quality.The approaches to improving rice grain quality were discussed.

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Re-emigration Capacity of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens FENG Chuan-hong,ZHAI Bao-ping,ZHANG Xiao-xi 2001, 15(2): 125-130 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (188KB) ( )   Re emigration potential of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens after an emigration and feeding different resistant varieties was simulated. Tethered flight of brown planthopper on a set of computerized flight mill revealed that the natural population of BPH in the rice cropping areas of the lower reaches of Yangtze River consisted of individuals with different flight characteristics, i.e., deposited type (flying less than 20 min), migratory type (flying more than 20 min, MT), strong migratory type (flying more than 160 min, SMT) and re emigration type (2nd flying more than 20 min, RET). The flight capability and the differentiation of the MT of BPH was influenced significantly by the nutritive conditions. The individuals feeding on the sensitive varieties at heading stage would show a lower ratio of MT, but a stronger ability of migration and re emigration among their MT individuals. The RET rate would be increased markedly by keeping apart the females, and the SMT individuals would display higher performance of re emigration. There would only be 0.84 and 4.9 percent of the RET BPH among the natural populations and MT individuals respectively.

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Genetic Diversity of Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae from Southern Regions of Yangtze River in China WANG Chun-lian,ZHANG Qi,ZHOU Yong-li,ZHAO Bing-yu 2001, 15(2): 131-136 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (260KB) ( )   IS PCR and rep PCR were used to analyze the genetic diversity in a population of 128 strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae collected mostly from Center, South and Southwest China. Genomic DNA from 114 strains was amplified with four specific primers, J3, ERIC, REP and BOX by PCR and revealed 20, 12, 6 and 5 haplotypes, respectively. The genetic diversities of the population of strains tested were 0.82 (for J3), 0.49 (for ERIC), 0.35 (for REP) and 0.30 (for BOX), respectively. Dendrograms were generated from the data sets obtained by using UPGMA analysis. All strains tested were similar to each other at a level of 70% similarity, six and five clusters were grouped using primers J3 and ERIC, respectively. The strains classified into Chinese pathotypes 0-Ⅴ and Ⅶ were grouped in Cluster 1 for primer J3; Strains from pathotypes 0-Ⅶ, and a new pathotype were grouped in Cluster 1 for primer ERIC. One hundred and twenty eight strains were classified into different pathotypes by assessing on the five differential varieties. Most of strains were classified into pathotypes Ⅳ, Ⅱ and 0. A new pathotype was identified based on its reaction pattern different from all the seven Chinese pathotype.

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Ecological Effects of Insecticide Under Different Moisture Levels in Paddy Soil Abid SUBHANI,LIAO Min,HUANG Chang-yong,XIE Zheng-miao 2001, 15(2): 137-141 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (173KB) ( )   The effect of different moisture levels, i.e. air dried soil (AD), 50% water holding capacity (50%WHC), 100%WHC and flooded soil (FS), with and without addition of insecticide (triazophos at field rate, FR), on some selected soil properties in a paddy soil were studied. The results indicated that the different moisture levels caused significant effects on the soil biochemical properties, while addition of insecticide did not produce any significant change. A consistent and linear increase in electron transport system (ETS) activity and phenol contents was recorded with increasing moisture level. Insecticide incorporation caused slight decrease in ETS activity at all moisture levels, more pronounced at lower moisture levels, as compared to the control (moisture only). The phenol contents slightly increased with insecticide application at all moisture levels. The soil protein contents, at all moisture levels, were found to be unaffected between both the soil treatments (moisture only and moisture + insecticide). However, among different moisture levels, reduced quantities of proteins were estimated at 50% WHC, suggesting more N mineralization. The maximum phospholipid quantities that were found at 50% WHC level declined linearly with increasing moisture contents and the minimum contents, with or without insecticide, were estimated in flooded soils. Slight reductions in phospholipid contents that were more pronounced at lower moisture levels, with insecticide addition, were noticed against the untreated soils. The optimum moisture level for microbial activities was found to be at 50% WHC.

实验技术

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Determination of Juvenile Hormone in Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) by GC/MS TANG Jian,PING Xiao-fei,TANG Fu-bing,YANG Bao-jun 2001, 15(2): 142-144 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (119KB) ( )   The titres of juvenile hormone (JH) in 1st-5th instar nymphs and adults of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), are detected by GC/ MS. In both nymphys and adults, the JH1 and JH3 could be detectable and the lowest no. of insects for JH3 in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th instar nymph and adult is 25, 15, 15, 10, 1, and 1 respectively. The standard recoveries of JH1 and JH3 are 91.3% and 95.7%.

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Comparative Study on the RVA Profiles from the Milled and Brown Rice Flour BAO Jin-song,SHU Qing-yao,WU Dian-xing,XIA Ying-wu 2001, 15(2): 145-146 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (96KB) ( )   The Rapid Visco Analyser(RVA) profiles using the brown rice flour in stead of the milled rice flour were tested to reduce the manpower input. The results indicated that the peak paste viscosity, hot paste viscosity and cool paste viscosity of 3.0 g brown rice flour were about 76% those of 3.0 g milled rice flour, while the RVA profiles of 3.3 g brown rice were similar to those of 3.0 g milled rice. Thus, testing RVA profiles on the brown rice flour instead of the milled rice flour will definitely increase the selection efficiency.

研究简报

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Study on the Resistance to Rice Blast of Yunnan Conventional Rice Germplasms LIANG Bin,PENG Shao-qiu,XIAO Fang-hua,HUANG Fei-yuan,CHEN Yong,LIU Er-ming,DAI Lu-yuan,YU Teng-qiong 2001, 15(2): 147-150 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (121KB) ( )   In contrast with B40(susceptible) and Tetep, Moroberekan (resistant), the blast resistance of 74 Yunnan conventional rice germplasms were identified at four sites: Baoshan,Yunnan; Yanxi,Hunan; Dandong, Liaoning; and Conghua, Guangdong. The results indicated that B40 was highly susceptible to rice blast; the seedling blast severities, percentage of leaf lesion area, spore layer scales of lesion, and panicle blast of Tetep were 1 grade, 4 grade, 5.5%, 4.79%, respectively. Those of Moroberekan were 3 grade, 3 grade, 1.2%, 12.0%, respectively. On the other hand, Haonongzao, Haoyulang and Dabaigu were resistant at those indices, their resistances to rice blast are higher than that of Tetep and Moroberekan at four sites. Haomafen and Menxiandabaigu were resistant at three of indices, but susceptible to panicle blast.

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High-Yielding and Efficiency Cropping System Pea-Rice-Rice in Red-Yellow Soil Area WANG De-ren ,LU Wan-fang ,CHEN Wei ,DU Zhi-gui ,CHEN Xun-ze 2001, 15(2): 151-154 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (146KB) ( )   For increasing the economic income in red yellow soil area, pea-rice-rice cropping system were studied in Yiwu city, Zhejiang Province in 1995-1999. Varieties collocation mode of pea, early rice, late rice was selected. After three years of pea-rice-rice continuous cropping, the yield of pea was descent, the demage of diseases and insect pests of pea became serious. One-year pea-rice -rice and two-year barley-rice-rice rotation pattern sequent in three years was the measure for high yielding and efficiency.

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The Non-Structural Carbohydrate of the Stem and Sheath in Relation to the Panicle Characteristics in Rice LIN Xian-qing ,WANG Ya-feng ,ZHU De-feng ,LUO Yu-kun 2001, 15(2): 155-157 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (101KB) ( )   The field experiments were conducted using three rice combinations with different panicle traits. The results showed that the higher the non structural carbohydrate (NSC) of the stem and sheath at flowering stage and the lower at mature stage, the higher the seed setting rate was. The higher the average of each spikelet owning NSC at flowering stage, the higher 1000-grain weight was.

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Effect of Rice Varieties on Functional Responses of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis(Reuter) LOU Yong-gen,CHENG Jia-an,GUO Hua-wei,DU Meng-hao 2001, 15(2): 158-160 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (120KB) ( )   Experiment was conducted in laboratory to study the functional responses of the predator, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis that was reared on different rice varieties with the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, to BPH eggs. The results showed that the functional response of the predator fed on BPH on variety TN1, IR26, IR64 and Bing 97-34 were all highly significantly stronger than that of the predator fed on BPH on Bing 97-59, while no difference was found in functional responses of C. lividipennis reared on the former four varieties. The result of statistical analysis demonstrated that the handling time for a prey of the predator reared on Bing 97-59 was significantly longer than that of the predator reared on other four varieties, although there was no significant difference in instantaneous attack rate of C. lividipennis that were reared on various varieties, which indicated that the differences in functional responses among C. lividipennis reared on various varieties result from difference in handling time of the predator for a prey. The results in relation to IPM were discussed.