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Research Progress in Mining and Utilization of Rice Blast Resistance Genes YANG Jie, YANG Changdeng, ZENG Yuxiang, HOU Yuxuan, CHEN Tianxiao, LIANG Yan Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (6): 591-603.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230911 Abstract （540）   HTML （72）    PDF （430KB）（1462）       Knowledge map    Save Rice blast is a disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, which seriously threatens the yield and quality of rice. At present, breeding disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective way to control rice blast, and identifying resistance genes is the key to disease-resistant variety breeding. The review summarized the types of rice blast resistance genes cloned as well as the current mainstream techniques for identifying blast-resistant genes. The application of these genes has been outlined along with future development directions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Physiological，Biochemical Responses of Rice to Drought Stress and Its Molecular Regulation GUO Zhan, ZHANG Yunbo Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (4): 335-349.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230410 Abstract （474）   HTML （50）    PDF （452KB）（1538）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is one of the most important food crops globally, and its growth requires more water than many other crops. With global warming, drought has emerged as the main factor limiting crop yields. Therefore, based on recent research achievements, this paper summarizes the self-protection mechanisms of rice under drought stress. This includes aspects such as morphology (plant height, roots, leaves, number of tillers, and plant biomass), physiology (stomata, transpiration, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency), biochemistry (plant hormones, proline, other osmotic regulators, and antioxidants), and molecular biology (expression levels of drought resistance genes). The aim is to comprehensively understand rice's drought resistance mechanisms and provide a reference for breeding drought-resistant varieties Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Sterility Mechanism of Photoperiod/Thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines and Development and Prospects of Two-line Hybrid Rice WANG Yichen, ZHU Benshun, ZHOU Lei, ZHU Jun, YANG Zhongnan Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 463-474.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231008 Abstract （470）   HTML （25）    PDF （1010KB）（1121）       Knowledge map    Save This review documented the research progress of two-line hybrid rice in China, and introduced germplasm resources of photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (P/TGMS) lines in two-line hybrid rice breeding. We also summarized various genetic and cellular mechanisms of P/TGMS in plants, and suggestions were proposed for the genetic resource optimization and breeding strategies of P/TGMS lines in two-line hybrid rice breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Genome-wide Identification and Comprehensive Analysis of IDD Gene Family in Rice ZHONG Zhihu, QIN Lu, LI Zhili, YANG Zhen, HE Xiaopeng, CAI Yicong Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (6): 638-652.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.240101 Abstract （450）   HTML （26）    PDF （8036KB）（572）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】To clarify the characteristics and verify the expression patterns of IDD gene family members in rice, which are plant-specific transcription factors, in order to further investigate the biological functions of OsIDD.【Method】The IDD family members in rice were identified using Pfam, followed by a comprehensive analysis of their nucleic acid and protein sequence features, protein structure, phylogeny, collinearity, and promoter elements. RT-PCR was employed to verify the expression patterns of the OsIDD gene in various tissues, under different hormone treatments, and in response to various abiotic stresses.【Result】The OsIDD family consists of 15 members falling into three subfamilies, which are unevenly distributed across the chromosomes. All members possess nuclear localization signals and highly conserved ID structural domains at the N-terminus. Multiple sequence alignment and motif analysis indicate that these sequences are relatively conserved among different types. Collinearity analysis with the ZmIDD gene family reveals a high degree of homology between the two species. Microarray and RT-PCR analyses showed that OsIDD is predominantly expressed in the panicle and developing endosperm, with its promoter sequences containing hormone and stress-responsive cis-elements.【Conclusion】A comprehensive analysis of the 15 OsIDD members demonstrated structural conservation, strong collinearity with ZmIDD, and high expression levels in panicle and developing endosperm. These findings suggest that OsIDD may be involved in the response to different hormones and various abiotic stresses. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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OsOPR10 Positively Regulates Rice Blast and Bacterial Blight Resistance XU Danjie, LIN Qiaoxia, LI Zhengkang, ZHUANG Xiaoqian, LING Yu, LAI Meiling, CHEN Xiaoting, LU Guodong Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (4): 364-374.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231215 Abstract （414）   HTML （54）    PDF （6613KB）（948）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Jasmonic acid (JA) plays crucial roles in plant growth and development, and responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. OPR (12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase) serves as a pivotal enzyme in the JA biosynthetic pathway. In this study, transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsOPR10 were generated to assess their resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight. The research delved into the molecular mechanisms through which OsOPR10 regulates the defense response to these diseases.【Method】 Methodologically, the study involved the construction of OsOPR10 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and overexpression vectors. These vectors were then utilized for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation to obtain OsOPR10 knockout (OsOPR10-KO) and overexpressed (OsOPR10-OE) transgenic rice plants, using Nipponbare (NPB) as the wild-type parent. The transgenic plants underwent various assays to evaluate disease resistance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, and the expression of genes related to the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways. Additionally, the subcellular localization of OsOPR10 was examined using a laser confocal microscopy, and the interacting protein of OsOPR10 was identified through yeast two-hybrid screening and luciferase complementation experiments.【Result】 The results of the study indicated the successful generation of homozygous plants with OsOPR10 knockout and overexpression. Plants overexpressing OsOPR10 exhibited enhanced resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight. Upon induction with chitin and bacterial flagellin (flg22), ROS accumulation in OsOPR10-OE plants was notably higher than that in the wild type. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis revealed up-regulation of JA pathway genes (OsAOS2, OsAOC) and SA pathway genes (OsPR1a, OsPAL1) in OsOPR10-OE plants compared to NPB at 12 hours post-inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae. Subcellular localization studies demonstrated that the OsOPR10 protein was localized in chloroplasts. The interaction protein OsCYP28 of OsOPR10 was identified through yeast two-hybrid assays and luciferase complementation experiments 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, OsOPR10 plays a significant role in responding to infections by Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzea, as well as to the application of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and SA. OsOPR10 is involved in the pathogen molecular pattern-triggered immune pathway and positively regulates rice resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight through the JA and SA pathways. Additionally, OsOPR10 protein localizes in chloroplasts and interacts with the OsCYP28 protein. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification of Candidate Genes for Rice Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Genome-wide Association Analysis LÜ Yang, LIU Congcong, YANG Longbo, CAO Xinglan, WANG Yueying, TONG Yi, Mohamed Hazman, QIAN Qian, SHANG Lianguang, GUO Longbiao Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 516-524.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231010 Abstract （410）   HTML （19）    PDF （2255KB）（994）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The exploration of germplasm and gene resources in rice for high nitrogen efficiency, along with the elucidation of their molecular mechanisms and genetic effects, represents a significant focus and goal within current research efforts on rice nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).【Method】 To identify the variant loci and candidate genes associated with rice NUE, we collected 190 Asian rice accessions as an association population. After thorough filtering and screening, we obtained 3,934,195 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Under field conditions, two nitrogen treatment levels were established: low nitrogen (N1, 90 kg/hm²) and normal nitrogen (N2, 180 kg/hm²). We investigated the phenotypic data of rice leaf width in response to both low and normal nitrogen treatments at the maturity stage. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was conducted by integrating the FarmCPU and MLM models. 【Result】By calculating the phenotypic ratio Q (N1/N2) of leaf width under low and normal nitrogen levels, we found that the Q value exhibited a normal distribution. A total of 100 significant loci were identified on 12 chromosomes through GWAS for the Q value, leading to the determination of 39 candidate QTLs. This included the cloned NUE-related genes OsNR1.2 and OsNAC42. Additionally, we identified superior haplotypes and potential advantageous haplotype combinations of the candidate genes OsNR1.2 and OsNAC42, which provide valuable resources and information for enhancing rice NUE. 【Conclusion】This study elucidated the genetic basis of rice leaf width under varying nitrogen treatments using GWAS and haplotype analysis. We identified candidate QTLs and genes associated with NUE, including OsNR1.2 and OsNAC42. Through haplotype analysis, we recognized advantageous haplotype combinations of these two genes, offering valuable resources and insights for the improvement of rice NUE. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in the Effect of Salinity, Drought, and Their Combined Stresses on Rice Yield and Quality Formation WEI Huanhe, MA Weiyi, ZUO Boyuan, WANG Lulu, ZHU Wang, GENG Xiaoyu, ZHANG Xiang, MENG Tianyao, CHEN Yinglong, GAO Pinglei, XU Ke, HUO Zhongyang, DAI Qigen Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (4): 350-363.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.240205 Abstract （389）   HTML （35）    PDF （603KB）（655）       Knowledge map    Save The production of rice in coastal saline-alkali lands is constrained by limited freshwater resources and water infrastructure. The presence of salinity damage and drought, often occurring together, renders rice production in these areas highly susceptible to combined salinity-drought stress, significantly impeding the attainment of high yield and quality in rice in coastal saline-alkali lands. A comprehensive analysis of the impacts of salinity damage, drought, and their combined stresses on rice yield and quality formation, along with their physiological mechanisms, can offer scientific backing for optimizing high-yield and quality rice cultivation in coastal saline-alkali lands. This article presents an overview of the effects of salinity damage, drought, and their combined stresses on the growth, development, yield formation, and grain quality of rice. The mechanisms underlying their influence on rice yield and quality formation are elucidated, focusing on osmotic regulation, ion balance, photosynthetic functions, antioxidant enzyme systems, endogenous hormones, key enzyme activities related to sucrose-starch metabolism, and molecular mechanisms. Recommendations are provided for the selection of salinity- and drought-tolerant varieties, as well as cultivation practices to mitigate salinity and drought stress in rice. Lastly, suggestions are proposed for further research on salinity and drought stress in rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Influencing Factors of Methane Production and Emission as Well as Emission Reduction Measures in Paddy Fields XIE Xianzhi, LIU Qihua, LI Xinhua, LI Weiping Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 475-494.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231102 Abstract （364）   HTML （18）    PDF （1684KB）（1779）       Knowledge map    Save The emission of methane from paddy fields is regarded as one of the most significant sources of carbon emissions in agricultural production. Consequently, modern agricultural researchers are focusing on how to effectively reduce methane emissions without sacrificing grain yield in rice production. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding methane production, emission, and strategies for reducing emissions in paddy fields, based on current research findings. It clarifies the processes of methane production, oxidation, and emission, as well as the key influencing factors. The production and emission of methane are closely correlated with the physicochemical properties of soil (including pH, key enzyme activities, water content, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, and texture), rice varieties (including root morphology and activity, root exudation, aerenchyma, harvest index, and plant height), cultivation techniques (including crop rotation patterns, irrigation and fertilization management practices, and planting methods), and climate factors (including air temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, and UV-B radiation). In this review, management practices aiming at decreasing methane emissions are summarized from the perspectives of new variety breeding and comprehensive regulation methods: 1) Selecting evaluation parameters based on the differences in methane emission levels among various rice varieties and breeding new rice varieties that achieve high grain yield with low methane emissions; 2) Exploring new substances that can reduce methane emissions in paddy fields; 3) Investigating innovative technologies for low-carbon cycled cultivation and breeding of rice and fish systems that promote low-carbon circulation, enhance carbon fixation capacity, and reduce methane emissions in paddy soil, as well as the integration of multiple cultivation methods. Additionally, we should explore the pathways for reducing methane emissions in paddy fields according to different production environments in rice-growing regions and establish a high-efficiency comprehensive cultivation regulation system. Reasonable suggestions for future research directions regarding the reduction of methane emissions in paddy fields are presented. It is hoped that this paper will provide not only theoretical evidence for high-yield rice cultivation with lower methane emissions but also technical references for achieving the national "dual carbon" goals. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Rice Quality of Ratoon Rice XIAO Wuwei, ZHU Chenguang, WANG Fei, XIONG Dongliang, HUANG Jianliang, PENG Shaobing, CUI Kehui Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (1): 33-46.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240412 Abstract （339）   HTML （8）    PDF （1363KB）（901）       Knowledge map    Save Ratoon rice is a green and efficient planting method that is significant for enhancing the profitability of rice cultivation and ensuring food security in China. Due to differences in growth environments and cultivation management practices, there are notable variations in rice quality between the main season and the ratoon season. Typically, the quality of rice in the ratoon season is superior to that of the main season. Factors such as ratooning characteristics, environmental temperature, and water and fertilizer management can influence rice quality by regulating source-sink relationships, the grain filling process, the synthesis of grain nutrients, and the physicochemical characteristics of starch granules. Numerous high-quality and high-yield rice varieties have been identified as suitable for ratoon rice cultivation, considering their ratooning capacity and yields. However, the quality of rice in both the main and ratoon seasons remains a limiting factor for ratoon rice production. This work briefly introduces the rice quality characteristics of the main and ratoon seasons and reviews the factors affecting the quality of ratoon rice and its cultivation regulations in terms of the formation process of rice quality. This review may lay a theoretical basis for the production of high-quality and high-yield ratoon rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances in Molecular and Physiological Mechanisms of Cold Tolerance Regulation of Rice at the Booting Stage SUI Jingjing, ZHAO Guilong, JIN Xin, BU Qingyun, TANG Jiaqi Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.231208 Abstract （330）   HTML （17）    PDF （830KB）（624）       Knowledge map    Save Cold tolerance at the booting stage is crucial for the reproductive function of rice (Oryza sativa L.), as it affects anther development and can lead to a significant decrease in seed setting rate and overall yield. The levels of certain growth regulatory substances, such as sugars, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and plant endogenous hormones like abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA), are closely related to cold tolerance during the booting stage of rice. In this review, we systematically summarize the effects of cold stress on anther development in rice at the booting stage, the changes in growth regulatory substances, and the functional analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and cold tolerance regulatory genes. This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the breeding and improvement of cold-tolerant rice varieties and the development of materials at the booting stage. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Rice Yield Estimation Method Based on Low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing FENG Xiangqian, WANG Aidong, HONG Weiyuan, LI Ziqiu, QIN Jinhua, ZHAN Lichuan, CHEN Lipeng, ZHANG Yunbo, WANG Danying, CHEN Song Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (6): 604-616.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.240103 Abstract （317）   HTML （23）    PDF （993KB）（981）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is one of the primary staple crops. Its yield estimation plays a crucial role in the macro-control of national policies, real-time guidance according to local agricultural conditions, and targeted breeding of elite varieties. Therefore, estimating rice grain yield is of great significance. With the continuous advancement in crop science and interdisciplinary approaches, the methods and models for estimating rice yield have diversified greatly. Concurrently, the development of remote sensing technology, particularly the emergence and popularization of low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), has led to continuous improvements in intelligent remote sensing methods and their accuracy for rice yield estimation. However, there is a lack of systematic and scientific summarization of intelligent rice yield estimation, specifically utilizing UAV remote sensing. This work provides a comprehensive review of the current mainstream methodologies for estimating rice yield, critically evaluating their advantages and limitations. It then explores the application and future directions of intelligent low-altitude remote sensing technology in rice yield estimation. By analyzing the key characteristic information obtained through remote sensing, the article examines the development of primary yield estimation models. It discusses the challenges and limitations encountered when employing intelligent remote sensing for rice yield estimation. The ultimate goal is to enhance our understanding of rice yield estimation methods and provide a systematic and comprehensive reference for the development of intelligent rice yield estimation techniques. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of Crop Rotation Patterns and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Storage and Structure of Soil Organic Carbon in Paddy Fields ZHOU Ziyu, WANG Mengjia, FENG Xiangqian, QIN Jinhua, WANG Aidong, MA Hengyu, CHU Guang, LIU Yuanhui, XU Chunmei, ZHANG Xiufu, WANG Danying, ZHENG Xi, CHEN Song Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 577-590.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230912 Abstract （316）   HTML （18）    PDF （1056KB）（560）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The aim of this study is to clarify the role of paddy-upland crop rotation patterns and nitrogen fertilizer levels in carbon sequestration (organic carbon storage and chemical functional group characteristics) in paddy soils.【Method】Relying on the long-term paddy-upland crop rotation experiments in the China National Rice Research Institute (2003 to present), we investigated the effects of four paddy-upland crop rotation patterns: rice-fallow (RF), rice-green manure (Chinese milk vetch; RC), rice-wheat (RW), and rice-potato with rice straw mulch (RP) at two nitrogen levels during the rice growing season: no nitrogen application (N0, 0 kg/hm2) and normal nitrogen application (N1, 135 kg/hm2) on soil organic carbon stocks (0－50 cm) and the characteristics of soil organic carbon functional groups (0－20 cm) in paddy fields. 【Result】1) Within the shallow tillage layer (0－20 cm) of the soil, crop rotation was able to enhance soil organic carbon content to some extent, with the order of effectiveness being RP > RC > RW or RF. However, for soil organic carbon stocks in the full tillage layer (0－50, 0－40, and 0－30 cm), there were no significant differences between the winter crop rotations (RP, RC, and RW) and RF. In contrast, nitrogen application was found to be more favorable for soil carbon sequestration. 2) In the N0 treatment during the rice growing season after winter cropping, compared to RF, winter crop rotations (RP, RC, and RW) significantly increased the stable forms of carbon, including Alkyl C and Aromatic C, while suppressing the labile form of carbon dominated by O-Alkyl C. This treatment also significantly increased the soil humification index (HI), aromaticity (fa), and hydrophobicity, contributing to an increase in total soil organic carbon reserves in the surface layer (0－20 cm). It is noteworthy that the HI and hydrophobicity are closely associated with the C/N ratio of returned straw, which is important for promoting soil carbon sequestration in shallow soils. 【Conclusion】In comparison to crop rotation, moderate nitrogen application has shown to be more favorable for soil organic carbon reserves throughout the soil profile. On the other hand, the impact of full straw return on soil organic matter accumulation in the annual upland-paddy rotation was primarily observed in the shallow tillage layer, indicating that the effect of straw return on soil organic carbon accumulation might be overestimated when considering the entire soil profile. Therefore, further exploration is needed to better understand the fate and destination of straw carbon in paddy fields. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Cytoplasmic Source Analysis of Sterile Lines from 5460 Three-line Hybrid Rice Varieties LI Wei, XU Xia, BIAN Ying, ZHANG Xiaobo, FAN Jiongjiong, CHENG Benyi, YANG Shihua, WU Jianli, WEI Xin, ZENG Bo, GONG Junyi Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (6): 653-664.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231214 Abstract （306）   HTML （15）    PDF （2143KB）（863）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The 50 years of three-line hybrid rice breeding also represents 50 years of continuous innovation in the development of three-line cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines. It is important to clarify the cytoplasmic types of three-line hybrid rice sterile lines and their derivative pathways. This understanding will enable the quick establishment of restoration relationships and the accurate tracing of the genealogy of rice sterile lines, ultimately promoting the effective utilization of rice heterosis.【Method】Based on the genealogy of three-line hybrid rice varieties that were nationally and provincially approved from 1974 to 2023 in China, we summarized the genealogy of each sterile cytoplasm and analyzed the utilization in breeding.【Result】Over the past 50 years, there have been 966 male sterile lines with clear cytoplasmic classification among the three-line hybrid rice varieties. These lines were classified into 16 categories based on their respective sterile cytoplasm: wild abortive (WA) type, Indonesian Shuitiangu (ID) type, Boro II (BT) type, Dissi (D) type, K type, Gambiaca (GA) type, dwarf abortive (DA) type, Honglian (HL) type, Javanese rice (LX) type, Wanhui (NX) type, Dongxiang wild rice (D1) type, Guangzhou wild rice (GW) type, Gaozhou wild rice (GZ) type, Zhangpu wild rice (FA) type, Maxie (MX) type, and Y type. The analysis revealed that the WA, ID, and BT types had the highest number of CMS lines, accounting for 78.38% of the total CMS lines and 77.77% of the total three-line hybrid rice varieties. In contrast, the MX, D1, Y, and GZ types had the lowest number of CMS lines, representing only 1.55% of the total CMS lines and 1.15% of the total three-line hybrid rice varieties.【Conclusion】With the continuous creation of parental materials for three-line hybrid rice, the diversity of cytoplasmic sources in sterile lines and the efficiency of breeding utilization have significantly improved. This progress has not only mitigated the potential risks associated with a single CMS cytoplasm but has also enriched the utilization pathways of heterosis in three-line hybrid rice breeding in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Generation of Rice DMP1, DMP2 and DMP3 Mutants and Identification of Their Haploid Induction Ability HU Fengyue, WANG Jian, WANG Chun, WANG Kejian, LIU Chaolei Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (1): 55-66.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.231112 Abstract （306）   HTML （3）    PDF （6305KB）（605）    PDF（mobile） （2521KB）（50）    Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】Exploring the haploid induction ability of rice DMP family genes to provide new gene resources for haploid breeding.【Methods】Selecting OsDMP family genes with high homology to the ZmDMP gene and high expression level in pollen as candidate genes. Using CRISPR/Cas9 multi-gene editing technology to create single-gene knockout and multi-gene combination knockout mutants of the selected OsDMP family genes and haploid induction gene OsMTL in the indica and japonica hybrid rice Chunyou 84. Conducting morphological observations and pollen fertility identification on the mutants. Investigating and statistically analyzing the seed setting rate and haploid induction rate of the T0 materials. 【Results】A total of 13 homologous genes of maize haploid induction gene ZmDMP were retrieved from the rice RAP-DB database. OsDMP1 and OsDMP2 showed the highest homology with ZmDMP, with similarity percentages of 41.24% and 37.32%, respectively; Moreover, OsDMP1 and OsDMP3 were the most highly expressed OsDMP genes in anthers. Therefore, OsDMP1, OsDMP2 and OsDMP3 were selected as candidate genes. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, single-gene knockout and combined knockout mutants of OsDMP1, OsDMP2, and OsDMP3 were created (osdmp1, osdmp2, osdmp3, osdmp1-osdmp2, osdmp1-osdmp3, osdmp1-osdmp2-osdmp3). Additionally, single-gene knockout mutants of OsMTL were generated (osmtl), as well as combined knockout mutants between OsDMP1, OsDMP2, OsDMP3, and OsMTL (osmtl-osdmp1, osmtl-osdmp2, osmtl-osdmp3, osmtl-osdmp1-osdmp2, osmtl-osdmp1-osdmp3, osmtl-osdmp1-osdmp2-osdmp3). Phenotypic investigation showed that compared with the wild type, plant morphology and pollen fertility of all mutants did not visibly change, but the seed setting rate decreased significantly in single gene knockout and multi-gene combination knockout mutants containing osmtl. Haploid detection results indicated that the haploid induction efficiency of the combined mutants between OsDMP1, OsDMP2, OsDMP3 and OsMTL was 0.4%±0.6%, 2.6%±2.8%, 1.4%±0.6%, 1.5%±1.3%, 2.1%±2.4%, 2.2%± 0.6%, respectively, which was not significantly different from that of osmtl mutant (1.5%±0.5%). However, no haploid was produced when OsDMP family genes were mutated individually or in combination. 【Conclusion】CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was used to create single and multi-gene knockout mutants between OsDMP1, OsDMP2, OsDMP3, and OsMTL in rice. It was found that OsDMP1, OsDMP2 and OsDMP3 had no independent haploid induction ability, nor could it improve the haploid induction efficiency of OsMTL genes. These results promoted the understanding of OsDMP homologous genes in rice, and provided reference for the subsequent studies on the haploid induction gene. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress in Regulation of Important Agronomic Traits by Semi-Dwarf Gene sd1 in Rice ZHANG Fengyong, YING Xiaoping, ZHANG Jian, YANG Longwei, YING Jiezheng Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (1): 24-32.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.231104 Abstract （301）   HTML （9）    PDF （1702KB）（564）       Knowledge map    Save The cultivation and popularization of semi-dwarf varieties have promoted the “Green Revolution” of rice. The semi-dwarf gene sd1 in rice is a key gene responsible for gibberellin synthesis, which decreases plant height, increases harvest index. The application of sd1 addressed the problem of high yield and lodging under conditions of increased nitrogen fertilizer application. In this paper, the isolation and functional analysis of the sd1 gene were reviewed, the differences in important agronomic traits among different haplotypes of sd1 were analyzed, and the mechanisms by which the sd1 gene regulated key agronomic traits such as growth period, plant height, number of panicles per plant, yield per plant, lodging resistance, seed dormancy, and nitrogen use efficiency were reviewed. The effect of the sd1 gene on rice yield was discussed, along with the application of gene editing technology to generate sd1 mutations for the rapid improvement of rice varieties. Moreover, the potential application of the sd1 gene was anticipated. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveals the Pathogenic Factors of Ustilaginoidea virens FU Rongtao, CHEN Cheng, WANG Jian, ZHAO Liyu, CHEN Xuejuan, LU Daihua Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (4): 375-385.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230603 Abstract （296）   HTML （22）    PDF （2750KB）（647）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Rice false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is a global fungal disease that severely impacts rice yield and quality. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind U. virens pathogenicity could inspire novel control strategies and molecular breeding for disease resistance. 【Method】 Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were conducted on the initial symptomatic panicle nine days after inoculation (S) and uninoculated PXD25 mycelium (CK). The genome of strain UV-8b served as the reference for sequence alignment. Gene expression levels were quantified using fragments per kilobase per million fragments (FPKM), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using |LOG2 fold change|≥1 and q-value≤0.05 criteria. Differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM) were identified with P≤0.05 and VIP≥1 thresholds. 【Result】 In the S vs. CK comparison, 6078 DEGs were identified. GO enrichment analyses revealed 3708 terms, and KEGG pathway analysis identified 110 metabolic pathways. Ninety-one transcription factors (TFs) belonging to 23 TF families, such as bZIP and C2H2, were among the DEGs. Significant enrichment of mitophagy, secondary metabolism, and amino acid metabolism pathways was observed, with upregulation of DEGs in secondary metabolic pathways suggesting their crucial role in U. virens pathogenesis. Additionally, 392 DAMs were identified, including alanine, tyrosine, histidine, methionine, cysteine, and fatty acids (linoleic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid), indicating their association with U. virens pathogenicity. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis highlighted enrichment in amino acid metabolic pathways (e.g., phenylalanine, tyrosine, cysteine, and methionine) and carbohydrate-related pathways (e.g., starch and sucrose). 【Conclusion】 DEGs involved in mitophagy, secondary metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, along with DAMs like alanine, tyrosine, histidine, methionine, cysteine, and fatty acids, are closely linked to U. virens pathogenicity. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development and Application of Specific Molecular Markers for Eight Rice Blast Resistance Genes in Rice YANG Hao, HUANG Yanyan, WANG Jian, YI Chunlin, SHI Jun, TAN Chutian, REN Wenrui, WANG Wenming Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 525-534.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230811 Abstract （287）   HTML （21）    PDF （2859KB）（701）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】To elucidate the composition of blast resistance genes in rice parents and facilitate their effective utilization in rice resistance breeding, it’s crucial to develop molecular markers that transcend genetic background limitations. These molecular markers can accurately discern resistance genes in parents, serving as essential tools for marker-assisted breeding.【Method】By comparing the coding sequence of each Resistance gene with allelic genes in 155 rice resources, nucleotide polymorphism sites within each resistance gene were identified. Primer pairs for molecular markers were then developed targeting the most specific polymorphism sites.【Results】Effective molecular markers were successfully developed for eight resistance genes: Pit, Pish, Pib, Pid3, Pi5, Pia, Pi54, and Pita2/Ptr. These markers were validated through examination using multiple positive and negative controls or gene sequencing. Subsequently, these markers were utilized to identify the resistance gene composition in 109 breeding parent lines commonly used in the Sichuan Basin. Results revealed that the Pia gene was absent in these parent lines, while Pit, Pish, Pi54, Pid3, Ptr/Pita2, Pi5, and Pib genes were present in 3.67%, 13.76%, 14.68%, 18.35%, 24.77%, 26.61%, and 38.53% of lines, respectively. Furthermore, 21.10% of the rice parent lines lacked these resistance genes, 35.78% possessed one resistance gene, and 43.12% harbored two to four resistance genes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Occurrence of Weedy Rice Disaster and Ecotype Evolution in Direct-Seeded Rice Fields WU Yue, LIANG Chengwei, ZHAO Chenfei, SUN Jian, MA Dianrong Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (4): 447-455.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231011 Abstract （286）   HTML （28）    PDF （784KB）（841）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Weedy rice poses a significant threat to rice production in direct-seeded rice fields, resulting in substantial yield losses. Analyzing the occurrence patterns, diversity changes, and genetic evolution of weedy rice populations in these fields is crucial for managing agricultural ecosystems effectively and preventing weedy rice disasters.【Methods】 This study conducted a continuous three-year fixed-site survey of weedy rice populations in new direct-seeded rice field ecosystems. Through targeted sampling, phenotypic characterization, and population genetic structure analysis using liquid chip technology, we examined the scale of damage, ecological types, and genetic diversity evolution of weedy rice populations. 【Results】 In direct-seeded rice fields, the weedy rice population increased annually, with densities of 345.6 plants/m², 512.4 plants/m², and 600.1 plants/m², respectively. Phenotypic diversity showed a consistent upward trend, with Shannon-Wiener (H') indices of 0.530, 0.762, and 0.852, and Simpson (D) indices of 0.340, 0.227, and 0.164. Genetic diversity (Pi) initially increased and then declined over the three years, with values of 0.2097, 0.2530, and 0.1493, respectively. At the population genetic structure level, both principal component analysis (PCA) and phylogenetic tree analysis consistently indicated that weedy rice was not directly related to locally cultivated rice. Weedy rice samples from different years were distributed across major clustering branches. Various types of weedy rice underwent natural selection due to the cold environment and competition with direct-seeded rice, leading to a survival-of-the-fittest scenario. This process results in rapid convergence, increased genetic diversity, alterations in population genetic structure, and the emergence of adaptive types.【Conclusion】 Weedy rice invasion in direct-seeded rice fields leads to rapid population expansion and diversity increase, escalating the disaster index swiftly. Genetic diversity and population genetic structure are highly sensitive to selection pressure, suggesting that harmful adapted weedy rice types are established early in their invasion into direct-seeded rice field ecosystems. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Typing of Inter-subspecific Fertility Loci and Fertility Locus Pattern of indica-japonica Hybrid Rice CHEN Mingliang, ZENG Xihua, SHEN Yumin, LUO Shiyou, HU Lanxiang, XIONG Wentao, XIONG Huanjin, WU Xiaoyan, XIAO Yeqing Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (4): 386-396.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230801 Abstract （285）   HTML （40）    PDF （6518KB）（668）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to investigate the distribution of inter-subspecific fertility loci in indica rice, japonica rice, and indica-japonica hybrid rice in China. This involves establishing a pattern of fertility loci to achieve compatibility between different subspecies, exploring new indica-japonica hybrid rice patterns, and laying a molecular basis for improving materials and breeding designs for inter-subspecific compatibility.【Method】 Specific markers for indica and japonica rice were used to screen for inter-subspecific fertility loci in rice materials from China. Several indica and japonica rice varieties were crossed with each other, and the pollen fertility and seed setting rate of the resulting hybrids were statistically analyzed.【Results】 There was limited genetic exchange between indica and japonica rice at the fertility loci. Due to introgression of fertility loci from indica rice, japonica rice could be classified into type I (pure japonica) and type II (with introgressed indica loci such as Sci, Sdi, and Sei). When S5 was incompatible, the seed setting rate of inter-subspecific hybrid rice was approximately 50%, while it increased to about 80% when compatible. Heterozygosity at Sa, Sb, Sc, or Sd loci had minimal impact on pollen fertility, but heterozygosity of Se/pf12/RHS12 significantly reduced it. The detection results of inter-subspecific hybrid rice materials indicated that the basic fertility loci pattern was homozygous or compatible S5 along with several other fertility loci for pollen fertility. The pollen fertility and seed setting rate of F1 hybrids from the indica two-line male sterile line Shen 08S with S5n and japonica type II rice were normal.【Conclusion】 SS5 is the core locus controlling female gamete fertility, while loci affecting male gamete fertility have an additive effect. Se may be an indispensable locus among them. The possible basic genetic locus patterns for achieving fertility compatibility between indica and japonica subspecies include S5+Se+two other loci among Sa, Sb, Sc, and Sd. The ‘maternal indica paternal japonica’ model, utilizing two-line indica rice male sterile lines with wide compatibility as female parents and japonica rice as male parents, presents another feasible inter-subspecific hybrid rice model. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress of Pollen Tube Growth in Pistil of Rice and Its Response to Abiotic stress XU Yongqiang, XU Jun, FENG Baohua, XIAO Jingjing, WANG Danying, ZENG Yuxiang, FU Guanfu Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 495-506.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231107 Abstract （274）   HTML （23）    PDF （618KB）（746）       Knowledge map    Save Rice, a vital food crop in China and globally, is susceptible to abiotic stresses such as extreme high temperatures, drought, cold, and low light which can impair rice production and threaten worldwide food security, including in China. The growth of pollen tubes in the pistil is crucial for successful fertilization, however abiotic stress can disrupt signaling transport and energy metabolism in the pistils, leading to spikelet sterility. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the impact of abiotic stress on pollen tube growth in pistils and to understand the underlying regulatory mechanisms. This review focuses on the process of pollen tube growth in pistils, encompassing signal transduction, and energy metabolism. Furthermore, it explores the effects of abiotic stress on pollen tube growth in pistils and describes strategies to mitigate stress-induced inhibition of pollen tube growth. This research provides a theoretical foundation for developing cultivation techniques aimed at enhancing spikelet fertility in rice under abiotic stress. Finally, the paper outlines future research directions for studying pollen tube growth in rice pistils under abiotic stress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）