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Genome-wide Identification and Comprehensive Analysis of IDD Gene Family in Rice ZHONG Zhihu, QIN Lu, LI Zhili, YANG Zhen, HE Xiaopeng, CAI Yicong Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (6): 638-652.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.240101 Abstract （613）   HTML （26）    PDF （8036KB）（599）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】To clarify the characteristics and verify the expression patterns of IDD gene family members in rice, which are plant-specific transcription factors, in order to further investigate the biological functions of OsIDD.【Method】The IDD family members in rice were identified using Pfam, followed by a comprehensive analysis of their nucleic acid and protein sequence features, protein structure, phylogeny, collinearity, and promoter elements. RT-PCR was employed to verify the expression patterns of the OsIDD gene in various tissues, under different hormone treatments, and in response to various abiotic stresses.【Result】The OsIDD family consists of 15 members falling into three subfamilies, which are unevenly distributed across the chromosomes. All members possess nuclear localization signals and highly conserved ID structural domains at the N-terminus. Multiple sequence alignment and motif analysis indicate that these sequences are relatively conserved among different types. Collinearity analysis with the ZmIDD gene family reveals a high degree of homology between the two species. Microarray and RT-PCR analyses showed that OsIDD is predominantly expressed in the panicle and developing endosperm, with its promoter sequences containing hormone and stress-responsive cis-elements.【Conclusion】A comprehensive analysis of the 15 OsIDD members demonstrated structural conservation, strong collinearity with ZmIDD, and high expression levels in panicle and developing endosperm. These findings suggest that OsIDD may be involved in the response to different hormones and various abiotic stresses. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Mining and Utilization of Rice Blast Resistance Genes YANG Jie, YANG Changdeng, ZENG Yuxiang, HOU Yuxuan, CHEN Tianxiao, LIANG Yan Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (6): 591-603.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230911 Abstract （564）   HTML （72）    PDF （430KB）（1554）       Knowledge map    Save Rice blast is a disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, which seriously threatens the yield and quality of rice. At present, breeding disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective way to control rice blast, and identifying resistance genes is the key to disease-resistant variety breeding. The review summarized the types of rice blast resistance genes cloned as well as the current mainstream techniques for identifying blast-resistant genes. The application of these genes has been outlined along with future development directions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Sterility Mechanism of Photoperiod/Thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines and Development and Prospects of Two-line Hybrid Rice WANG Yichen, ZHU Benshun, ZHOU Lei, ZHU Jun, YANG Zhongnan Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 463-474.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231008 Abstract （487）   HTML （25）    PDF （1010KB）（1174）       Knowledge map    Save This review documented the research progress of two-line hybrid rice in China, and introduced germplasm resources of photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (P/TGMS) lines in two-line hybrid rice breeding. We also summarized various genetic and cellular mechanisms of P/TGMS in plants, and suggestions were proposed for the genetic resource optimization and breeding strategies of P/TGMS lines in two-line hybrid rice breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification of Candidate Genes for Rice Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Genome-wide Association Analysis LÜ Yang, LIU Congcong, YANG Longbo, CAO Xinglan, WANG Yueying, TONG Yi, Mohamed Hazman, QIAN Qian, SHANG Lianguang, GUO Longbiao Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 516-524.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231010 Abstract （438）   HTML （19）    PDF （2255KB）（1124）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The exploration of germplasm and gene resources in rice for high nitrogen efficiency, along with the elucidation of their molecular mechanisms and genetic effects, represents a significant focus and goal within current research efforts on rice nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).【Method】 To identify the variant loci and candidate genes associated with rice NUE, we collected 190 Asian rice accessions as an association population. After thorough filtering and screening, we obtained 3,934,195 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Under field conditions, two nitrogen treatment levels were established: low nitrogen (N1, 90 kg/hm²) and normal nitrogen (N2, 180 kg/hm²). We investigated the phenotypic data of rice leaf width in response to both low and normal nitrogen treatments at the maturity stage. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was conducted by integrating the FarmCPU and MLM models. 【Result】By calculating the phenotypic ratio Q (N1/N2) of leaf width under low and normal nitrogen levels, we found that the Q value exhibited a normal distribution. A total of 100 significant loci were identified on 12 chromosomes through GWAS for the Q value, leading to the determination of 39 candidate QTLs. This included the cloned NUE-related genes OsNR1.2 and OsNAC42. Additionally, we identified superior haplotypes and potential advantageous haplotype combinations of the candidate genes OsNR1.2 and OsNAC42, which provide valuable resources and information for enhancing rice NUE. 【Conclusion】This study elucidated the genetic basis of rice leaf width under varying nitrogen treatments using GWAS and haplotype analysis. We identified candidate QTLs and genes associated with NUE, including OsNR1.2 and OsNAC42. Through haplotype analysis, we recognized advantageous haplotype combinations of these two genes, offering valuable resources and insights for the improvement of rice NUE. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Influencing Factors of Methane Production and Emission as Well as Emission Reduction Measures in Paddy Fields XIE Xianzhi, LIU Qihua, LI Xinhua, LI Weiping Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 475-494.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231102 Abstract （374）   HTML （18）    PDF （1684KB）（1863）       Knowledge map    Save The emission of methane from paddy fields is regarded as one of the most significant sources of carbon emissions in agricultural production. Consequently, modern agricultural researchers are focusing on how to effectively reduce methane emissions without sacrificing grain yield in rice production. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding methane production, emission, and strategies for reducing emissions in paddy fields, based on current research findings. It clarifies the processes of methane production, oxidation, and emission, as well as the key influencing factors. The production and emission of methane are closely correlated with the physicochemical properties of soil (including pH, key enzyme activities, water content, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, and texture), rice varieties (including root morphology and activity, root exudation, aerenchyma, harvest index, and plant height), cultivation techniques (including crop rotation patterns, irrigation and fertilization management practices, and planting methods), and climate factors (including air temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, and UV-B radiation). In this review, management practices aiming at decreasing methane emissions are summarized from the perspectives of new variety breeding and comprehensive regulation methods: 1) Selecting evaluation parameters based on the differences in methane emission levels among various rice varieties and breeding new rice varieties that achieve high grain yield with low methane emissions; 2) Exploring new substances that can reduce methane emissions in paddy fields; 3) Investigating innovative technologies for low-carbon cycled cultivation and breeding of rice and fish systems that promote low-carbon circulation, enhance carbon fixation capacity, and reduce methane emissions in paddy soil, as well as the integration of multiple cultivation methods. Additionally, we should explore the pathways for reducing methane emissions in paddy fields according to different production environments in rice-growing regions and establish a high-efficiency comprehensive cultivation regulation system. Reasonable suggestions for future research directions regarding the reduction of methane emissions in paddy fields are presented. It is hoped that this paper will provide not only theoretical evidence for high-yield rice cultivation with lower methane emissions but also technical references for achieving the national "dual carbon" goals. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Rice Quality of Ratoon Rice XIAO Wuwei, ZHU Chenguang, WANG Fei, XIONG Dongliang, HUANG Jianliang, PENG Shaobing, CUI Kehui Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (1): 33-46.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240412 Abstract （356）   HTML （8）    PDF （1363KB）（930）       Knowledge map    Save Ratoon rice is a green and efficient planting method that is significant for enhancing the profitability of rice cultivation and ensuring food security in China. Due to differences in growth environments and cultivation management practices, there are notable variations in rice quality between the main season and the ratoon season. Typically, the quality of rice in the ratoon season is superior to that of the main season. Factors such as ratooning characteristics, environmental temperature, and water and fertilizer management can influence rice quality by regulating source-sink relationships, the grain filling process, the synthesis of grain nutrients, and the physicochemical characteristics of starch granules. Numerous high-quality and high-yield rice varieties have been identified as suitable for ratoon rice cultivation, considering their ratooning capacity and yields. However, the quality of rice in both the main and ratoon seasons remains a limiting factor for ratoon rice production. This work briefly introduces the rice quality characteristics of the main and ratoon seasons and reviews the factors affecting the quality of ratoon rice and its cultivation regulations in terms of the formation process of rice quality. This review may lay a theoretical basis for the production of high-quality and high-yield ratoon rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances in Leaf and Canopy Eco-physiological Characteristics of High Photosynthetic Efficiency Rice Varieties and Their Regulation Mechanisms by Nitrogen YE Miao, MAO Yuxin, ZHANG Dehai, KANG Yuying, YUAN Rong, ZHANG Zujian Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (6): 617-626.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230402 Abstract （354）   HTML （16）    PDF （2481KB）（581）       Knowledge map    Save Increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of rice is regarded as one of the most promising approaches to further improving rice yield. However, the eco-physiological characteristics of rice varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency are not well understood, both at the single leaf level and the group canopy level. This work reviews the influences of Rubisco enzyme content and activity, leaf nitrogen content, and various leaf morphological and anatomical traits, including stomatal traits, leaf vein traits, and leaf mesophyll anatomical traits on single leaf photosynthesis. It also examines the effects of canopy architecture and canopy light-nitrogen matching on group canopy photosynthesis, as well as their regulation by nitrogen. We summarize the leaf and canopy eco-physiological characteristics of high photosynthetic efficiency rice varieties and their regulation by nitrogen. We conclude that high photosynthetic efficiency rice varieties exhibit high leaf Rubisco and nitrogen contents, high stomatal density, and large stomatal pore size. They also have a large proportion of intercellular airspace, a significant coverage of chloroplasts, a large surface area of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts facing intercellular airspace per leaf area, thin cell walls, high vein density, large vascular diameters of veins, large root surface area, large root diameters, straight leaves, deep leaf color, and more leaves in the lower part of the canopy, along with a high degree of canopy light-nitrogen balance. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer can enhance the content and activity of leaf Rubisco, increase the thickness of the leaf mesophyll layer, improve chloroplast coverage, enlarge the surface area of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts facing intercellular airspace per leaf area, reduce cell wall thickness, increase chlorophyll content, and decrease cell wall content, thereby improving leaf photosynthesis. However, excessive nitrogen application can reduce nitrogen use efficiency, leading to a series of environmental issues such as ammonia volatilization, water eutrophication, and increased N2O emissions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances in Molecular and Physiological Mechanisms of Cold Tolerance Regulation of Rice at the Booting Stage SUI Jingjing, ZHAO Guilong, JIN Xin, BU Qingyun, TANG Jiaqi Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.231208 Abstract （340）   HTML （17）    PDF （830KB）（655）       Knowledge map    Save Cold tolerance at the booting stage is crucial for the reproductive function of rice (Oryza sativa L.), as it affects anther development and can lead to a significant decrease in seed setting rate and overall yield. The levels of certain growth regulatory substances, such as sugars, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and plant endogenous hormones like abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA), are closely related to cold tolerance during the booting stage of rice. In this review, we systematically summarize the effects of cold stress on anther development in rice at the booting stage, the changes in growth regulatory substances, and the functional analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and cold tolerance regulatory genes. This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the breeding and improvement of cold-tolerant rice varieties and the development of materials at the booting stage. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Rice Yield Estimation Method Based on Low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing FENG Xiangqian, WANG Aidong, HONG Weiyuan, LI Ziqiu, QIN Jinhua, ZHAN Lichuan, CHEN Lipeng, ZHANG Yunbo, WANG Danying, CHEN Song Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (6): 604-616.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.240103 Abstract （329）   HTML （23）    PDF （993KB）（1024）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is one of the primary staple crops. Its yield estimation plays a crucial role in the macro-control of national policies, real-time guidance according to local agricultural conditions, and targeted breeding of elite varieties. Therefore, estimating rice grain yield is of great significance. With the continuous advancement in crop science and interdisciplinary approaches, the methods and models for estimating rice yield have diversified greatly. Concurrently, the development of remote sensing technology, particularly the emergence and popularization of low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), has led to continuous improvements in intelligent remote sensing methods and their accuracy for rice yield estimation. However, there is a lack of systematic and scientific summarization of intelligent rice yield estimation, specifically utilizing UAV remote sensing. This work provides a comprehensive review of the current mainstream methodologies for estimating rice yield, critically evaluating their advantages and limitations. It then explores the application and future directions of intelligent low-altitude remote sensing technology in rice yield estimation. By analyzing the key characteristic information obtained through remote sensing, the article examines the development of primary yield estimation models. It discusses the challenges and limitations encountered when employing intelligent remote sensing for rice yield estimation. The ultimate goal is to enhance our understanding of rice yield estimation methods and provide a systematic and comprehensive reference for the development of intelligent rice yield estimation techniques. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Generation of Rice DMP1, DMP2 and DMP3 Mutants and Identification of Their Haploid Induction Ability HU Fengyue, WANG Jian, WANG Chun, WANG Kejian, LIU Chaolei Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (1): 55-66.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.231112 Abstract （327）   HTML （4）    PDF （6305KB）（641）    PDF（mobile） （2521KB）（50）    Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】Exploring the haploid induction ability of rice DMP family genes to provide new gene resources for haploid breeding.【Methods】Selecting OsDMP family genes with high homology to the ZmDMP gene and high expression level in pollen as candidate genes. Using CRISPR/Cas9 multi-gene editing technology to create single-gene knockout and multi-gene combination knockout mutants of the selected OsDMP family genes and haploid induction gene OsMTL in the indica and japonica hybrid rice Chunyou 84. Conducting morphological observations and pollen fertility identification on the mutants. Investigating and statistically analyzing the seed setting rate and haploid induction rate of the T0 materials. 【Results】A total of 13 homologous genes of maize haploid induction gene ZmDMP were retrieved from the rice RAP-DB database. OsDMP1 and OsDMP2 showed the highest homology with ZmDMP, with similarity percentages of 41.24% and 37.32%, respectively; Moreover, OsDMP1 and OsDMP3 were the most highly expressed OsDMP genes in anthers. Therefore, OsDMP1, OsDMP2 and OsDMP3 were selected as candidate genes. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, single-gene knockout and combined knockout mutants of OsDMP1, OsDMP2, and OsDMP3 were created (osdmp1, osdmp2, osdmp3, osdmp1-osdmp2, osdmp1-osdmp3, osdmp1-osdmp2-osdmp3). Additionally, single-gene knockout mutants of OsMTL were generated (osmtl), as well as combined knockout mutants between OsDMP1, OsDMP2, OsDMP3, and OsMTL (osmtl-osdmp1, osmtl-osdmp2, osmtl-osdmp3, osmtl-osdmp1-osdmp2, osmtl-osdmp1-osdmp3, osmtl-osdmp1-osdmp2-osdmp3). Phenotypic investigation showed that compared with the wild type, plant morphology and pollen fertility of all mutants did not visibly change, but the seed setting rate decreased significantly in single gene knockout and multi-gene combination knockout mutants containing osmtl. Haploid detection results indicated that the haploid induction efficiency of the combined mutants between OsDMP1, OsDMP2, OsDMP3 and OsMTL was 0.4%±0.6%, 2.6%±2.8%, 1.4%±0.6%, 1.5%±1.3%, 2.1%±2.4%, 2.2%± 0.6%, respectively, which was not significantly different from that of osmtl mutant (1.5%±0.5%). However, no haploid was produced when OsDMP family genes were mutated individually or in combination. 【Conclusion】CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was used to create single and multi-gene knockout mutants between OsDMP1, OsDMP2, OsDMP3, and OsMTL in rice. It was found that OsDMP1, OsDMP2 and OsDMP3 had no independent haploid induction ability, nor could it improve the haploid induction efficiency of OsMTL genes. These results promoted the understanding of OsDMP homologous genes in rice, and provided reference for the subsequent studies on the haploid induction gene. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of Crop Rotation Patterns and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Storage and Structure of Soil Organic Carbon in Paddy Fields ZHOU Ziyu, WANG Mengjia, FENG Xiangqian, QIN Jinhua, WANG Aidong, MA Hengyu, CHU Guang, LIU Yuanhui, XU Chunmei, ZHANG Xiufu, WANG Danying, ZHENG Xi, CHEN Song Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 577-590.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230912 Abstract （322）   HTML （18）    PDF （1056KB）（589）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The aim of this study is to clarify the role of paddy-upland crop rotation patterns and nitrogen fertilizer levels in carbon sequestration (organic carbon storage and chemical functional group characteristics) in paddy soils.【Method】Relying on the long-term paddy-upland crop rotation experiments in the China National Rice Research Institute (2003 to present), we investigated the effects of four paddy-upland crop rotation patterns: rice-fallow (RF), rice-green manure (Chinese milk vetch; RC), rice-wheat (RW), and rice-potato with rice straw mulch (RP) at two nitrogen levels during the rice growing season: no nitrogen application (N0, 0 kg/hm2) and normal nitrogen application (N1, 135 kg/hm2) on soil organic carbon stocks (0－50 cm) and the characteristics of soil organic carbon functional groups (0－20 cm) in paddy fields. 【Result】1) Within the shallow tillage layer (0－20 cm) of the soil, crop rotation was able to enhance soil organic carbon content to some extent, with the order of effectiveness being RP > RC > RW or RF. However, for soil organic carbon stocks in the full tillage layer (0－50, 0－40, and 0－30 cm), there were no significant differences between the winter crop rotations (RP, RC, and RW) and RF. In contrast, nitrogen application was found to be more favorable for soil carbon sequestration. 2) In the N0 treatment during the rice growing season after winter cropping, compared to RF, winter crop rotations (RP, RC, and RW) significantly increased the stable forms of carbon, including Alkyl C and Aromatic C, while suppressing the labile form of carbon dominated by O-Alkyl C. This treatment also significantly increased the soil humification index (HI), aromaticity (fa), and hydrophobicity, contributing to an increase in total soil organic carbon reserves in the surface layer (0－20 cm). It is noteworthy that the HI and hydrophobicity are closely associated with the C/N ratio of returned straw, which is important for promoting soil carbon sequestration in shallow soils. 【Conclusion】In comparison to crop rotation, moderate nitrogen application has shown to be more favorable for soil organic carbon reserves throughout the soil profile. On the other hand, the impact of full straw return on soil organic matter accumulation in the annual upland-paddy rotation was primarily observed in the shallow tillage layer, indicating that the effect of straw return on soil organic carbon accumulation might be overestimated when considering the entire soil profile. Therefore, further exploration is needed to better understand the fate and destination of straw carbon in paddy fields. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress in Regulation of Important Agronomic Traits by Semi-Dwarf Gene sd1 in Rice ZHANG Fengyong, YING Xiaoping, ZHANG Jian, YANG Longwei, YING Jiezheng Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (1): 24-32.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.231104 Abstract （315）   HTML （9）    PDF （1702KB）（608）       Knowledge map    Save The cultivation and popularization of semi-dwarf varieties have promoted the “Green Revolution” of rice. The semi-dwarf gene sd1 in rice is a key gene responsible for gibberellin synthesis, which decreases plant height, increases harvest index. The application of sd1 addressed the problem of high yield and lodging under conditions of increased nitrogen fertilizer application. In this paper, the isolation and functional analysis of the sd1 gene were reviewed, the differences in important agronomic traits among different haplotypes of sd1 were analyzed, and the mechanisms by which the sd1 gene regulated key agronomic traits such as growth period, plant height, number of panicles per plant, yield per plant, lodging resistance, seed dormancy, and nitrogen use efficiency were reviewed. The effect of the sd1 gene on rice yield was discussed, along with the application of gene editing technology to generate sd1 mutations for the rapid improvement of rice varieties. Moreover, the potential application of the sd1 gene was anticipated. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Cytoplasmic Source Analysis of Sterile Lines from 5460 Three-line Hybrid Rice Varieties LI Wei, XU Xia, BIAN Ying, ZHANG Xiaobo, FAN Jiongjiong, CHENG Benyi, YANG Shihua, WU Jianli, WEI Xin, ZENG Bo, GONG Junyi Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (6): 653-664.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231214 Abstract （312）   HTML （15）    PDF （2143KB）（914）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The 50 years of three-line hybrid rice breeding also represents 50 years of continuous innovation in the development of three-line cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines. It is important to clarify the cytoplasmic types of three-line hybrid rice sterile lines and their derivative pathways. This understanding will enable the quick establishment of restoration relationships and the accurate tracing of the genealogy of rice sterile lines, ultimately promoting the effective utilization of rice heterosis.【Method】Based on the genealogy of three-line hybrid rice varieties that were nationally and provincially approved from 1974 to 2023 in China, we summarized the genealogy of each sterile cytoplasm and analyzed the utilization in breeding.【Result】Over the past 50 years, there have been 966 male sterile lines with clear cytoplasmic classification among the three-line hybrid rice varieties. These lines were classified into 16 categories based on their respective sterile cytoplasm: wild abortive (WA) type, Indonesian Shuitiangu (ID) type, Boro II (BT) type, Dissi (D) type, K type, Gambiaca (GA) type, dwarf abortive (DA) type, Honglian (HL) type, Javanese rice (LX) type, Wanhui (NX) type, Dongxiang wild rice (D1) type, Guangzhou wild rice (GW) type, Gaozhou wild rice (GZ) type, Zhangpu wild rice (FA) type, Maxie (MX) type, and Y type. The analysis revealed that the WA, ID, and BT types had the highest number of CMS lines, accounting for 78.38% of the total CMS lines and 77.77% of the total three-line hybrid rice varieties. In contrast, the MX, D1, Y, and GZ types had the lowest number of CMS lines, representing only 1.55% of the total CMS lines and 1.15% of the total three-line hybrid rice varieties.【Conclusion】With the continuous creation of parental materials for three-line hybrid rice, the diversity of cytoplasmic sources in sterile lines and the efficiency of breeding utilization have significantly improved. This progress has not only mitigated the potential risks associated with a single CMS cytoplasm but has also enriched the utilization pathways of heterosis in three-line hybrid rice breeding in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of 2,4-Epibrassinolide on Root Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Seedlings Raised in Biochar Substrate WU Xiang, ZHANG Yikai, ZHANG Peng, MA Xinling, CHEN Yulin, CHEN Huizhe, ZHANG Yuping, XIANG Jing, WANG Yaliang, WANG Zhigang, LI Liangtao Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (6): 685-694.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.240503 Abstract （304）   HTML （11）    PDF （2235KB）（455）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The improved knotting ability of roots enhances the efficiency and quality of mechanical transplanting. This study investigates the effects and mechanisms of 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) on rice root growth in rice straw biochar substrate.【Method】The effects of different concentrations of EBR on the root growth and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings grown in biochar substrate prepared at 300°C were studied using Yongyou 538 as the experimental material.【Result】When EBR was added to the biochar substrate, the root cohesion of rice seedlings increased by 4.13% to 22.46%, and root activity increased by 0.93 to 1.65 times, which improved the stress resistance of rice and promoted root growth. The addition of EBR to the substrate significantly increased the activities of antioxidant protective enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in rice seedlings. It also decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while increasing the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the seedlings. The expression levels of OsCu/Zn-SOD1, OsCu/Zn-SOD2, OsCAT1, and OsCAT2 genes in the roots and leaves of rice treated with EBR were significantly higher than those in the control group.【Conclusion】When the concentration of EBR was between 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg in the biochar substrate, root growth of rice seedlings was promoted, enzyme activities of the antioxidant system were enhanced, and the expression of related genes in the seedlings was improved. Additionally, the contents of MDA and H2O2 in the plants were reduced, leading to improved root growth and knotting ability of rice seedlings, thereby promoting the formation of healthy seedlings. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development and Application of Specific Molecular Markers for Eight Rice Blast Resistance Genes in Rice YANG Hao, HUANG Yanyan, WANG Jian, YI Chunlin, SHI Jun, TAN Chutian, REN Wenrui, WANG Wenming Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 525-534.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230811 Abstract （303）   HTML （21）    PDF （2859KB）（737）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】To elucidate the composition of blast resistance genes in rice parents and facilitate their effective utilization in rice resistance breeding, it’s crucial to develop molecular markers that transcend genetic background limitations. These molecular markers can accurately discern resistance genes in parents, serving as essential tools for marker-assisted breeding.【Method】By comparing the coding sequence of each Resistance gene with allelic genes in 155 rice resources, nucleotide polymorphism sites within each resistance gene were identified. Primer pairs for molecular markers were then developed targeting the most specific polymorphism sites.【Results】Effective molecular markers were successfully developed for eight resistance genes: Pit, Pish, Pib, Pid3, Pi5, Pia, Pi54, and Pita2/Ptr. These markers were validated through examination using multiple positive and negative controls or gene sequencing. Subsequently, these markers were utilized to identify the resistance gene composition in 109 breeding parent lines commonly used in the Sichuan Basin. Results revealed that the Pia gene was absent in these parent lines, while Pit, Pish, Pi54, Pid3, Ptr/Pita2, Pi5, and Pib genes were present in 3.67%, 13.76%, 14.68%, 18.35%, 24.77%, 26.61%, and 38.53% of lines, respectively. Furthermore, 21.10% of the rice parent lines lacked these resistance genes, 35.78% possessed one resistance gene, and 43.12% harbored two to four resistance genes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Rice Mesocotyl REN Ningning, SUN Yongjian, SHEN Congcong, ZHU Shuangbing, LI Huiju, ZHANG Zhiyuan, CHEN Kai Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (1): 11-23.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240504 Abstract （292）   HTML （3）    PDF （1979KB）（520）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the most important food crops in the world, the growth and development characteristics of rice significantly impact agricultural production. The mesocotyl is a crucial part of rice that connects seeds and seedlings, playing an essential role in the processes of seed germination and emergence. Its elongation characteristics are particularly important in the direct seeding of rice. The elongation performance of the mesocotyl directly affects the emergence rate, emergence speed, and stress resistance of rice seedlings, making it a key link in rice breeding and cultivation management. With the advancement of modern agricultural technology, especially the rise of rice direct seeding technology, research on rice mesocotyl has become increasingly urgent and important. This manuscript reviews the cell morphology, environmental factors, physiological factors, mesocotyl-related QTLs, gene mining, and their applications in breeding. The goal is to lay a theoretical basis and explore new strategies for the utilization of rice mesocotyl and to guide future breeding directions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress of Pollen Tube Growth in Pistil of Rice and Its Response to Abiotic stress XU Yongqiang, XU Jun, FENG Baohua, XIAO Jingjing, WANG Danying, ZENG Yuxiang, FU Guanfu Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 495-506.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231107 Abstract （281）   HTML （23）    PDF （618KB）（790）       Knowledge map    Save Rice, a vital food crop in China and globally, is susceptible to abiotic stresses such as extreme high temperatures, drought, cold, and low light which can impair rice production and threaten worldwide food security, including in China. The growth of pollen tubes in the pistil is crucial for successful fertilization, however abiotic stress can disrupt signaling transport and energy metabolism in the pistils, leading to spikelet sterility. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the impact of abiotic stress on pollen tube growth in pistils and to understand the underlying regulatory mechanisms. This review focuses on the process of pollen tube growth in pistils, encompassing signal transduction, and energy metabolism. Furthermore, it explores the effects of abiotic stress on pollen tube growth in pistils and describes strategies to mitigate stress-induced inhibition of pollen tube growth. This research provides a theoretical foundation for developing cultivation techniques aimed at enhancing spikelet fertility in rice under abiotic stress. Finally, the paper outlines future research directions for studying pollen tube growth in rice pistils under abiotic stress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Creation of Rice Grain Size Mutants by Editing OsOFP30 via CRISPR/Cas9 System HE Yong, LIU Yaowei, XIONG Xiang, ZHU Danchen, WANG Aiqun, MA Lana, WANG Tingbao, ZHANG Jian, LI Jianxiong, TIAN Zhihong Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 507-515.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231002 Abstract （276）   HTML （28）    PDF （1986KB）（714）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】To study the role of OsOFP30, a transcription factor of the rice OFP family, in regulating grain size and to create new mutant materials of grain size, thereby providing a new reference for the improvement of rice grain size.【Method】The japonica rice line Zhonghua 11 was utilized as a transgenic recipient to generate OsOFP30 mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Through continuous screening of the T0, T1, and T2 generations, three types of homozygous mutants without foreign fragment insertions were obtained: the long segment deletion mutation OsOFP30−89, the single base insertion mutation OsOFP30+1G, and OsOFP30+1A. Grain size was measured at maturity stages, and the potential reasons for the different grain sizes were analyzed through bioinformatics and sequencing.【Results】 Compared with the wild-type, the grain width and 1000-grain weight of all three types of mutants were significantly reduced. For OsOFP30−89 and OsOFP30+1G, only the grain length and grain thickness are significantly reduced, with no obvious differences in panicle shape indicators from the wild type. The grain length and grain thickness of OsOFP30+1A show no obvious differences from the wild type, and only the number of primary branches is significantly lower than that of the wild type. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the three types of mutants introduced premature translation termination due to a frameshift mutation. The OsOFP30−89 mutant protein consists of 252 amino acids, while the OsOFP30+1G and OsOFP30+1A mutant proteins consist of 282 amino acids. Sequence analyses showed that OsOFP30+1G and OsOFP30+1A differ by a single base, with G and A at the 323rd position, respectively. This variation resulted in a change between serine and asparagine at the 108th position of the mutant protein. 【Conclusion】The OsOFP30 gene plays a crucial role in regulating rice grain size. This study successfully created new mutant materials affecting grain size, which will provide valuable references for the improvement of rice grain size. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis on Appearance and Cooking Taste Quality Characteristics of Different Types of japonica Rice in Jianghuai Rice-growing Area YAO Shu, CHEN Tao, ZHAO Chunfang, ZHOU Lihui, ZHAO Ling, LIANG Wenhua, HAO Lei, LU Kai, ZHU Zhen, ZHAO Qingyong, GUAN Ju, WANG Cailin, ZHANG Yadong Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (6): 709-718.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.240310 Abstract （265）   HTML （19）    PDF （430KB）（630）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】This study investigates the differences in physical and chemical properties related to the appearance and taste of widely-grown and newly bred high-quality japonica rice varieties in the Jianghuai rice-growing area. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for selecting suitable varieties for planting and for the improvement of high-quality japonica rice varieties.【Method】The study utilized 26 high-quality japonica rice varieties that have been popularized and applied in the Jianghuai Area in recent years. These varieties were categorized into two groups: semi-waxy japonica rice and common japonica rice. The differences in physical and chemical indicators related to appearance and taste among the different types of japonica rice were compared, and the relationship between various physical and chemical indexes of rice and taste quality was analyzed.【Result】1) In terms of appearance quality, significant differences were observed in chalky rice percentage, chalkiness degree, and transparency between the two types of japonica rice varieties. The transparency of semi-waxy japonica rice was significantly lower than that of common japonica rice. 2) Regarding starch physicochemical properties, the amylose content, gel consistency, hot paste viscosity, cold paste viscosity, and setback of semi-waxy japonica rice were significantly lower than those of common japonica rice, while the breakdown value was significantly higher than that of common japonica rice. 3) In terms of rice taste value index, there was no significant difference in the appearance of rice between semi-waxy japonica rice and common japonica rice. However, the viscosity, hardness, balance, and taste value of semi-waxy japonica rice were significantly higher than those of common japonica rice. 4) Correlation analysis indicated that the length-width ratio of whole rice in the appearance quality, amylose content in various physical and chemical indicators, gel consistency, and gelatinization temperature, as well as the appearance and hardness of rice taste value parameters, are closely related to rice taste.【Conclusion】The appearance and cooking taste quality of the two different types of japonica rice varieties were significantly different. Common japonica rice exhibited a crystal-clear appearance, while semi-waxy japonica rice appeared relatively turbid. Common japonica rice had higher amylose content and gelatinization temperature, along with lower gel consistency, disintegration value, and taste value. Conversely, semi-waxy japonica rice had lower amylose content and gelatinization temperature, but higher gel consistency, disintegration value, and taste value. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanisms of Arsenic Uptake and Transport in Rice and Agronomic Mitigation Strategies WU Jinshui, TANG Jiangying, TAN Li, GUO Zhiqiang, YANG Juan, ZHANG Xinzhen, CHEN Guifang, WANG Jianlong, SHI Wanju Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (2): 143-155.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240402 Abstract （261）   HTML （58）    PDF （1329KB）（680）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the issue of arsenic contamination in soils has become increasingly severe. Arsenic not only negatively impacts the yield and quality of rice, but also enters the human body through the food chain, posing a serious threat to human health. Therefore, reducing arsenic accumulation in rice has become an urgent problem in order to ensure food safety and promote the development of the rice industry. In-depth research into the mechanisms of arsenic uptake, translocation, and accumulation in rice, along with the active exploration of agronomic cultivation measures to reduce arsenic accumulation, represents an effective approach to addressing excessive arsenic levels in rice grains. This paper provides an overview of the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the uptake of different forms of arsenic from soil by rice roots, as well as its translocation and accumulation within rice plants. Factors influencing arsenic uptake and accumulation in rice, such as rice varieties, soil physicochemical properties, soil nutrients, and microorganisms, are discussed. Additionally, the regulatory effects and mechanisms of cultivation practices, particularly water and nutrient management, on reducing arsenic uptake and accumulation in rice are highlighted. Building on existing research findings, future directions for arsenic pollution prevention and control in rice are proposed, aiming to provide a reference for studies focused on reducing arsenic content in rice grains. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）