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Prospects for the Application of Gene Editing and Genomic Selection in Rice Breeding LIANG Chuyan, WU Mingming, HUANG Fengming, ZHAI Rongrong, YE Jing, ZHU Guofu, YU Faming, ZHANG Xiaoming, YE Shenghai Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (1): 1-12.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230503 Abstract （337）   HTML （36）    PDF （324KB）（552）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is the main grain crop in China. Due to large population and limited land resources in China, rice breeding goals have long been yield oriented. Chinese researchers have continuously achieved breakthroughs in rice breeding technology, and the adoption of dwarf breeding and hybrid rice breeding technology has resulted in two significant leaps in rice yield in China. However, with the improvement of living standards and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, higher demands have been placed on rice in terms of yield, quality, and resistance. At present, biotechnology is undergoing constant innovation, particularly with the rapid development of gene editing and genomic selection breeding technology. This progress is expected to provide robust support for the development of new rice varieties with high yield, superior quality, and resistance to multiple factors. It helps promote the green and sustainable development of rice production. This paper reviews the recent advancements in gene editing technology and genomic selection technology in rice breeding for high yield, superior quality, disease and insect resistance, stress tolerance, and heterosis. The goal is to provide breeding strategies for the efficient development of new varieties to meet demands. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress on Correlation of Rice Leaf Senescence and Discoloration with Nitrogen Reuse and Volatilization TAO Yi, XU Yanan, YE Chang, ZHENG Guangjie, XU Chunmei, CHEN Song, CHU Guang, LIU Yuanhui, WANG Danying Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2023, 37 (6): 553-562.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.230605 Abstract （297）   HTML （37）    PDF （1050KB）（514）       Knowledge map    Save Leaf senescence is a critical development stage in the plant lifecycle, and leaf discoloration is a typical marker. The investigation on N recycle and reuse during the leaf color changing process can provide insights into the influence factors of N remobilization efficiency. This review delivers a brief overview about the internal and external factors that influence rice leaf discoloration and the types of stay-green varieties. Moreover, we summarized the latest research progress on the association between nitrogen reutilization-volatilization and rice leaf discoloration. This review elucidated the reasons behind the increasing nitrogen volatilization during the late reproductive stage of rice, and made a strong case for the development of straightforward leaf discoloration monitoring technology to create a quantitative indicator system for leaf discoloration characteristics. Such a review would clarify the relationships and mechanisms between rice leaf senescence dynamics and nitrogen reutilization and volatilization, photosynthetic assimilate accumulation, and nitrogen activation reutilization in the maturation process. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Mechanism Behind Heat Damage and Its Regulatory Techniques During Flowering in Rice XU Yongqiang, JIANG Ning, FENG Baohua, XIAO Jingjing, TAO Longxing, FU Guanfu Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (2): 111-126.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230601 Abstract （296）   HTML （42）    PDF （498KB）（477）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, extremely high temperatures have significantly impacted rice growth, yield, and quality. The flowering stage of rice is particularly sensitive to high temperatures, making it crucial to study their effects on spikelet fertility and cultivation techniques. To mitigate high-temperature damage to rice and enhance food security, this paper reviews the characteristics and mechanisms of rice floret opening, anther dehiscence, pollen scattering, pollen germination, and pollen tube elongation under high-temperature stress. It clarifies the regulatory mechanisms of heat tolerance during rice flowering and proposes cultivation measures to alleviate high-temperature damage. This paper offers new insights into heat resistance mechanisms and cultivation technologies at the rice flowering stage, with promising implications for future research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress on the Damage and Management of Apple Snails(Ampullariider: Pomacea) in Paddy Fields LÜ Haitao, LI Jianzhong, LU Yanhui, XU Hongxing, ZHENG Xusong, LÜ Zhongxian Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (2): 127-139.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230807 Abstract （289）   HTML （24）    PDF （379KB）（406）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is a widely cultivated food crop in China and around the world, with over half of the global population depending on it as their primary food source. The golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, as an invasive species, poses a significant threat to rice production, garnering extensive attention in China. From sowing to field sundrying, rice is susceptible to being bitten by P. canaliculata. During sowing, it bites the embryo of rice seeds, and at the seedling stage, it attacks the entire seedling, leading to a reduction in rice seedlings and effective tillers, significantly impacting rice yield. This paper reviews the species, biological characteristics, damage patterns in paddy fields, field prevention and control technology, and resource utilization of apple snails. The aim is to lay a foundation for further prevention and control measures in paddy fields, ultimately increasing rice yield and quality and minimizing economic losses for farmers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification and QTL Mapping of Rice Germplasm Resources with Low Amylose Content XIE Kaizhen, ZHANG Jianming, CHENG Can, ZHOU Jihua, NIU Fuan, SUN Bin, ZHANG Anpeng, WEN Weijun, DAI Yuting, HU Qiyan, QIU Yue, CAO Liming, CHU Huangwei Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2023, 37 (6): 609-616.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.221109 Abstract （231）   HTML （20）    PDF （777KB）（456）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Amylose content (AC) is one of the most critical factors that determine the eating and cooking quality (ECQ) of rice. Therefore, it holds great significance to screen rice germplasm resources with low amylose content and elucidate the genetic control mechanism for breeding new varieties with excellent ECQ. 【Method】 We determined AC in 22 restorer lines of three-line hybrid rice and analyzed the QTL locus controlling amylose content using a double haploid (DH) population derived from the cross between Fan 38 and Shenhui 26. 【Result】 Two rice germplasms with low AC, Fan 32 and Fan 38, were discovered among the 22 restorer lines. Their AC was found to be 11.39%±0.01% and 10.58%±0.13%, respectively. In contrast to other low AC varieties carrying Wxmp alleles, Fan 32 and Fan 38 carried Wxb alleles. A total of five QTLs, namely qAC1.1, qAC1.2, qAC5, qAC6.1, and qAC6.2, related to amylose content, were identified in the DH population. Among these, qAC6.1 and qAC6.2 were consistently detectable over two years. qAC6.2 emerged as a major QTL, contributing to over 30% of the phenotypic variation. 【Conclusion】 These findings suggest that the low AC in Fan 38 is likely primarily controlled by the qAC6.2 locus. This establishes a foundation for further research into the regulatory mechanism of amylose synthesis in rice and for the development of new rice varieties with low AC using marker-assisted selection technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification and Functional Characterization of the Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 40 Encoding Gene, MoMHF6, in Magnaporthe oryzae TONG Qi, WANG Chunyan, QUE Yawei, XIAO Yu, WANG Zhengyi Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2023, 37 (6): 563-576.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.230301 Abstract （224）   HTML （37）    PDF （2497KB）（431）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 To explore the roles of chaperone HSP40 (heat shock protein 40) in morphological differentiation and pathogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae. 【Method】 The HSP40 encoding gene MoMHF6 of M. oryzae was knocked out by DNA homologous recombination, and a deletion mutant ΔMomhf6 was generated. Biological function of the gene was systematically characterized via phenotypic analysis, gene complementation and RNA-seq analysis. 【Result】 Phenotypic analysis of the mutant revealed severe impairments in aerial hypha growth, asexual sporulation, conidial germination, perithecium production and appressorium formation. However, compared to the wild-type strain, the deletion of MoMHF6 did not affect mycelium radial growth on CM medium and the development of asci and ascospores in perithecia. Incipient cytorrhysis assays revealed that the appressorium collapse rate of the ΔMomhf6 mutant under treatment with 1, 2 or 3 mol/L glycerol was significantly increased compared to the wild-type strain, indicating that MoMHF6 is required for appressorium turgor generation. Also, we found that the ΔMomhf6 mutant was unable to penetrate into onion epidermis and completely nonpathogenic to susceptible hosts. Even in wounded barley leaves, infectious growth of the mutant was severely impaired. Moreover, the deletion of MoMHF6 resulted in significantly increased sensitivity to oxidative stress and delayed glycogen transportation and degradation during appressorium development, indicating that MoMHF6 is involved in oxidative stress response and glycogen metabolism of appressorium. All phenotypic defects of the ΔMomhf6 mutant could be restored by reintroducing the full-length MoMHF6 gene into the mutant. In addition, RNA-seq analysis of the ΔMomhf6 mutant revealed that several known pathogenicity-related genes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) might be regulated by MoMHF6, such as MoATG4, MoPL1, MoVPR, and GAS1. 【Conclusion】 The HSP40 gene MoMHF6 plays an important role in asexual sporulation, appressorium formation, host penetration, oxidative stress response and pathogenicity in M. oryzae. These results are of great significance for further understanding the gene networks and molecular mechanisms in regulating morphological differentiation and pathogenesis governed by MoMHF6 in M. oryzae. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Biological Functions of SPL Family Transcription Factors in Rice HU Li, YANG Fanmin, CHEN Weilan, YUAN Hua Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (3): 223-232.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230308 Abstract （214）   HTML （23）    PDF （1349KB）（374）       Knowledge map    Save SPL (Squamosa Promoter-binding protein-like) family proteins are plant specific multifunctional transcription factors. There are 19 OsSPL genes in rice, all of which contain a highly conserved SBP domain, which is responsible for binding to the core motif GTAC of the downstream target gene to regulate the target gene expression. The expression of OsSPL is regulated by OsmiR156/529/535 and various factors. Studies have shown that OsSPL plays important roles in many biological processes of rice, including root development, ligule and auricles development, the formation of plant architecture and panicle morphology, grain development and stress response, and is a regulatory hub for rice growth and development. In this review, we summarized the research progress of the OsSPL family in rice, including its phylogenetic evolution, structural characteristics, expression regulation and biological functions, and the research prospects were also discussed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Map-based Cloning and Functional Analysis of a New Allele of D1, a Gene Controlling Plant Height in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) GAO Junru, QUAN Hongyu, YUAN Liuzhen, LI Qinying, QIAO Lei, LI Wenqiang Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (2): 140-149.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230502 Abstract （207）   HTML （25）    PDF （5304KB）（364）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】Plant height is an important agronomic trait in rice breeding. Identification of genes controlling plant height and their functional characterization can provide useful genetic resources for high-yield breeding.【Methods】A dwarf mutant, d1-11, was screened from the rice variety Nipponbare by EMS mutagenesis. Phenotypic and cytological observations, gene expression, hormone content and drought resistance were analyzed. The d1-11 mutant gene was identified through map-based cloning.【Results】The d1-11 mutant exhibits dwarfism, with more shortened and widened leaves, and more rounded grains compared to the wild type. The d1-11 mutant leaf has a smaller midvein, reduced number and area of large and small veins, resulting in abnormal leaf morphology in the d1-11 mutant. The d1-11 gene is genetically mapped between two molecular markers on rice chromosome 5. Map-based cloning reveals that a single base substitution at the junction of the ninth exon-intron in the D1 gene results in the loss-of-function mutation of d1-11. The D1 gene has a higher expression level in various tissues at the seedling stage, but the expression levels decrease from the tillering stage. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment for 24 hours induces D1 gene expression, exogenous gibberellin (GA) treatment inhibits D1 gene expression, and salt stress treatment for 24 hours can strongly induce D1 gene expression. The contents of several hormones such as GA, brassinosteroid (BR), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were increased in the d1-11 mutant. The d1-11 mutant shows a significant increase in relative water content (RWC) and a reduced rate of water loss in leaves. Furthermore, d1-11 mutant plants exhibit stronger resistance to drought stress.【Conclusion】The d1-11, a novel allele in D1 locus was identified in the present study. It was showed that the d1-11 mutant had increased levels of various endogenous hormones, increased leaf water content, and enhanced resistance to drought stress. This study will further enrich the genetic resources related to dwarfism and reveals some new biological roles of the D1 gene in rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress on the Relationship Between Rice Root, Soil Properties and Methane Emissions in Paddy Fields CHEN Haotian, QIN Yuan, ZHONG Xiaohan, LIN Chenyu, QIN Jinghang, YANG Jianchang, ZHANG Weiyang Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (3): 233-245.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231206 Abstract （204）   HTML （26）    PDF （1151KB）（557）       Knowledge map    Save The article highlights the critical role of methane (CH4) emissions from rice paddies in contributing to global climate warming and underscores the importance of studying the relationship between rice roots, soil characteristics, and CH4 emissions to mitigate the greenhouse effect. It reviews the mechanisms driving CH4 production and emission in rice paddies, emphasizing the significance of rice roots and soil conditions in influencing these emissions. Additionally, the paper suggests avenues for further research to deepen our understanding of the interplay between rice, soil characteristics, and CH4 emissions from paddy fields. By elucidating these relationships, the study aims to provide a theoretical framework for achieving both high grain yields and carbon sequestration in paddy field ecosystems. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Roots Under Combined Salinity-Drought Stress and Their Relationships with Yield Formation ZHU Wang, ZHANG Xiang, GENG Xiaoyu, ZHANG Zhe, CHEN Yinglong, WEI Huanhe, DAI Qigen, XU Ke, ZHU Guanglong, ZHOU Guisheng, MENG Tianyao Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2023, 37 (6): 617-627.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.230504 Abstract （192）   HTML （28）    PDF （395KB）（441）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which combined salinity-drought stress affects rice root morphology, physiology, and yield formation. 【Method】 We used Nanjing 9108, a conventional japonica rice variety widely grown in the mudflats along the coast of Jiangsu Province, as the test material. The following treatments were applied: control (no stress, CK), single salinity stress (0.15s, salinity concentration 0.15%; 0.3s, salinity concentration 0.3%), single drought stress (DJ, drought at jointing stage; DH, drought at heading stage), and combined salinity-drought stress (0.15s+DJ, 0.15s+DH, 0.3s+DJ, 0.3s+DH). We conducted a comparative study to investigate changes in root morphology and physiology of rice under combined salinity-drought stress and their underlying relationships with crop production and yield formation. 【Results】 In comparison to the control, rice yield decreased by 25.8% and 65.0% under single salinity stress (0.15s and 0.3s, respectively). Under single drought stress (DJ and DH), the yield reduction was 4.3% and 22.3%, respectively. Under combined salinity-drought stress (0.15s+DJ, 0.3s+DJ, 0.15s+DH, and 0.3s+DH), the yield reduction was 33.3%, 67.3%, 48.3%, and 72.6%, respectively. The number of panicles, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, and thousand grain weight were significantly lower under single salinity stress and combined salinity-drought stress treatments compared to the control. The yield components of rice under combined salinity-drought stress were also significantly lower than those under single salinity stress and drought stress. Aboveground dry matter weight and harvest index of rice during maturity were lower under single salinity stress, drought stress, and combined salinity-drought stress compared to the control. The aboveground and root dry matter weight, root to shoot ratio, and harvest index of plants under combined salinity-drought stress were lower than those under single salinity stress and drought stress. Root length, root surface area, root diameter, root oxidation activity, and bleeding intensity were significantly inhibited under single salinity stress and combined salinity-drought stress, with a stronger inhibitory effect under combined salinity-drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll contents of rice leaves were reduced under single salinity stress, drought stress, and combined salinity-drought stress, with the greatest decrease observed under combined salinity-drought stress. 【Conclusion】Combined salinity-drought stress significantly inhibits rice root morphology and physiology, consequently impacting leaf photosynthesis, assimilate accumulation, and yield formation. This inhibitory effect is more pronounced than that of single salinity stress and drought stress, with a synergistic impact. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Physiological，Biochemical Responses of Rice to Drought Stress and Its Molecular Regulation GUO Zhan, ZHANG Yunbo Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (4): 335-349.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230410 Abstract （189）   HTML （26）    PDF （452KB）（309）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is one of the most important food crops globally, and its growth requires more water than many other crops. With global warming, drought has emerged as the main factor limiting crop yields. Therefore, based on recent research achievements, this paper summarizes the self-protection mechanisms of rice under drought stress. This includes aspects such as morphology (plant height, roots, leaves, number of tillers, and plant biomass), physiology (stomata, transpiration, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency), biochemistry (plant hormones, proline, other osmotic regulators, and antioxidants), and molecular biology (expression levels of drought resistance genes). The aim is to comprehensively understand rice's drought resistance mechanisms and provide a reference for breeding drought-resistant varieties Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development and Agronomic Traits Analysis of New Rice Resistance Lines to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola FENG Aiqing, WANG Congying, SU Jing, FENG Jinqi, CHEN Kailing, LIN Xiaopeng, CHEN Bing, LIANG Meiling, YANG Jianyuan, ZHU Xiaoyuan, CHEN Shen Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2023, 37 (6): 587-596.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.230406 Abstract （186）   HTML （23）    PDF （1630KB）（427）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 This study aims to develop new rice resistance lines to bacterial leaf streak (BLS) and provide core germplasm materials for BLS resistance breeding. 【Method】 BHADOIA303 harboring the Xo2 gene from Bangladesh was used as the BLS resistance donor, and an elite indica variety Wushansimiao was chosen as the recipient, to develop resistant lines by advanced backcrossing, molecular marker-assisted selection and GSR40K chip detection. The BLS resistance lines was evaluated by artificial inoculation with pathogen inoculum spraying and syringe infiltration in the field, and their agronomic traits were evaluated synchronously. 【Result】 Molecular markers and GSR40K microarray detection confirmed the presence of the target gene Xo2 in 10 new lines (BC4F5). Significant differences were observed in the BLS resistance between the introgression lines and Wushansimiao, no matter whether they were inoculated by spraying or infiltration. The average disease index ranged from 5.00 to 10.37, with an average lesion length of 0.70 to 0.99 cm. Lines 1-3 showed the best resistance. The agronomic and yield traits of the 3 lines with better resistance were comparable to those of Wushansimiao. The 1000-grain weight, grain length and width of line 1 were similar to those of Wushansimiao, and its seed setting rate was better than that of Wushansimiao. Number of total grains per panicle of Line 2 was similar to that of Wushansimiao with longer and wider grains, and a higher 1000-grain weight. The 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate of Line 3 were similar to those of Wushansimiao, and the number of panicles per plant was better than that of Wushansimiao. 【Conclusion】 Three Xo2 resistance lines with better agronomic traits and greatly enhanced resistance to BLS were obtained, which would provide resistance elite germplasm materials and accelerate the process of BLS resistance molecular breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mapping of Grain Shape QTLs Using RIL Population from Longdao 5/Zhongyouzao 8 HOU Benfu, YANG Chuanming, ZHANG Xijuan, YANG Xianli, WANG Lizhi, WANG Jiayu, LI Hongyu, JIANG Shukun Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (1): 13-24.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230602 Abstract （183）   HTML （22）    PDF （2738KB）（370）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】Grain shape significantly influences the yield, quality, and commercial value of rice. This study aimed to identify Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) controlling grain shape using a rice recombinant inbred line population, thereby facilitating the mining of rice grain shape genes and the breeding of long-grain japonica rice. 【Method】 A population of 176 recombinant inbred lines was developed by crossing the japonica super rice variety Longdao 5 (LD5) with short round grain and the early maturing indica rice variety Zhongyouzao 8(ZYZ8) with long slender grain. Grain shape traits, including grain length(GL), grain width(GW), grain length to width ratio(LWR), and grain thickness(GT), were measured for three years using Smart Grain software, and the interrelationship between these traits was analyzed. Complete Interval Mapping (CIM) and Multi-Environment Trials (MET) were employed for QTL mapping and comparative analysis. 【Result】 Eight QTLs, comprising three for grain length (qGL3, qGL7, and qGL11), two for grain width (qGW3 and qGW5), two for grain thickness (qGT3 and qGT6), and one for grain length to width ratio (qLWR3), were identified on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 7, and 11 using the CIM method. These QTLs explained 4.69%−18.89% of the phenotypic variation, with an LOD range from 2.52 to 8.74. Additionally, qGL3, qGL7, qGW3, qGW5, and qLWR3 were consistently detected over three years. Fourteen QTLs, including four for grain length, two for grain width, three for grain thickness, and five for grain length to width ratio, were detected on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 11 using the MET method. These QTLs explained 2.28%−15.78% of the phenotypic variation, with an LOD range from 4.20 to 20.90. Comparison with cloned grain shape genes revealed the proximity of qGL3/qLWR3a to GL3.1, qGW5 to GW5, and qLWR3b/qGT3 to TGW3. 【Conclusion】 A total of 8 and 14 grain shape QTLs were identified using the CIM and MET methods, respectively, including three cloned grain shape genes (GL3.1, TGW3, and GW5). Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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OsOPR10 Positively Regulates Rice Blast and Bacterial Blight Resistance XU Danjie, LIN Qiaoxia, LI Zhengkang, ZHUANG Xiaoqian, LING Yu, LAI Meiling, CHEN Xiaoting, LU Guodong Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (4): 364-374.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231215 Abstract （179）   HTML （40）    PDF （6613KB）（329）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Jasmonic acid (JA) plays crucial roles in plant growth and development, and responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. OPR (12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase) serves as a pivotal enzyme in the JA biosynthetic pathway. In this study, transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsOPR10 were generated to assess their resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight. The research delved into the molecular mechanisms through which OsOPR10 regulates the defense response to these diseases.【Method】 Methodologically, the study involved the construction of OsOPR10 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and overexpression vectors. These vectors were then utilized for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation to obtain OsOPR10 knockout (OsOPR10-KO) and overexpressed (OsOPR10-OE) transgenic rice plants, using Nipponbare (NPB) as the wild-type parent. The transgenic plants underwent various assays to evaluate disease resistance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, and the expression of genes related to the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways. Additionally, the subcellular localization of OsOPR10 was examined using a laser confocal microscopy, and the interacting protein of OsOPR10 was identified through yeast two-hybrid screening and luciferase complementation experiments.【Result】 The results of the study indicated the successful generation of homozygous plants with OsOPR10 knockout and overexpression. Plants overexpressing OsOPR10 exhibited enhanced resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight. Upon induction with chitin and bacterial flagellin (flg22), ROS accumulation in OsOPR10-OE plants was notably higher than that in the wild type. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis revealed up-regulation of JA pathway genes (OsAOS2, OsAOC) and SA pathway genes (OsPR1a, OsPAL1) in OsOPR10-OE plants compared to NPB at 12 hours post-inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae. Subcellular localization studies demonstrated that the OsOPR10 protein was localized in chloroplasts. The interaction protein OsCYP28 of OsOPR10 was identified through yeast two-hybrid assays and luciferase complementation experiments 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, OsOPR10 plays a significant role in responding to infections by Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzea, as well as to the application of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and SA. OsOPR10 is involved in the pathogen molecular pattern-triggered immune pathway and positively regulates rice resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight through the JA and SA pathways. Additionally, OsOPR10 protein localizes in chloroplasts and interacts with the OsCYP28 protein. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Rice Starch Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Good Taste japonica Rice Varieties and Their Regulations by Nitrogen YONG Mingling, YE Miao, ZHANG Yu, TAO Yu, NI Chuan, KANG Yuying, ZHANG Zujian Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (1): 57-71.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230209 Abstract （174）   HTML （14）    PDF （1269KB）（353）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Starch is the main component of rice grain, and its composition and physicochemical properties play a fundamental role in shaping the taste characteristics of rice. Investigating the starch composition characteristics of good taste rice varieties and analyzing the effect of nitrogen levels at grain filling stage are of great significance for the optimization and cultivation of good taste rice varieties. 【Method】 Taking rice varieties Jinxiangyu 1, Wuyujing 3, Wumijing and Huaidao 5, which have significant differences in taste, as experimental materials, the relationship between the physicochemical properties of rice starch and taste quality and its response to varing nitrogen levels at the grain filling stage were explored. 【Result】 The taste value ranking was as follows: Jinxiangyu 1>Wuyujing 3>Wumijing>Huaidao 5, which was consistent across different nitrogen levels. For good taste rice varieties, they exhibited low amylose and protein contents, high breakdown and low setback in the RVA spectrum, easy gelatinization, better solubility, swelling power and starch granule morphology, along with higher relative crystallinity of starch. Furthermore, they displayed a higher proportion of short branches in the distribution of amylopectin chain length. With the increase of nitrogen level at the filling stage, the taste value of rice decreased significantly, combined with decreased amylose content, increased protein content, shortened gel consistency, decreased peak viscosity and breakdown in RVA spectrum, and increased setback; The starch granule morphology of starch became worse; The gelatinization enthalpy, relative crystallinity of starch and the chain B2 and chain B3 contents in the branching of amylopectin increased, while the solubility, swelling power, chain A and chain B1 contents decreased. Varieties responded variously to nitrogen in terms of their physicochemical properties and taste value to nitrogen. Good taste rice varieties displayed relatively stable taste, being less sensitive to nitrogen. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that good taste rice varieties had low amylose and protein contents, better cooking properties and starch granule morphology, better starch crystallization features and a well-balanced amylopectin structure with higher short amylopectin content. Elevated nitrogen level at the grain filling stage increased the proportion of long branched amylopectin, and the energy required for starch gelatinization, reduced starch solubility and swelling power, and significantly degraded the cooking and eating quality. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of High Temperature Stress at Grain Filling Stage on Early indica Rice Quality Traits YI Xiaoxuan, LIU Weiqi, ZENG Gai, LUO Lihua, XIAO Yinghui Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (1): 72-80.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.221114 Abstract （173）   HTML （17）    PDF （581KB）（292）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the impact of high-temperature stress during the filling stage on the milling, appearance, cooking, and eating quality of early indica rice and to reveal the response patterns of quality traits in early indica rice to high temperatures during the filling stage. 【Method】 Experimental materials included R996, Xiangzaoxian 45, and six newly bred early indica rice varieties. Natural high-temperature stress treatment was applied through staged sowing. The milling, appearance, and cooking and eating qualities of the eight varieties were analyzed. Heat-insensitive and heat-sensitive rice varieties were identified, and the response of rice quality to high temperatures during the filling stage was explored. 【Result】 Temperature within 10 days after heading had the most significant impact on the milling quality and cooking and eating quality of rice, while temperature within 30 days after heading had the most significant effect on the appearance quality of rice. High-temperature stress significantly reduced the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, and grain length, increased chalky grain rate and chalkiness, and adversely affected milling quality and appearance quality of rice. The amylose content was significantly reduced, whereas rice comprehensive score, appearance, taste, and viscosities were significantly improved, enhancing rice palatability. Rice varieties exhibited varying responses to high-temperature stress based on specific quality traits. Q3, Q8, Q11, and Q13 were identified as high-temperature-insensitive varieties, according to the high-temperature stress index (HTSI) for milling quality. However, Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q11, which demonstrated excellent cooking and eating quality under high-temperature growth conditions, were classified as high-temperature-insensitive varieties based on the high-temperature stress index for appearance quality. 【Conclusion】 High-temperature stress during the grain-filling period reduced the milling quality and appearance quality of rice but improved rice palatability. Rice varieties Q3 and Q11, characterized by good milling quality, appearance quality insensitive to high temperatures, and good cooking and eating quality, hold promise as new germplasm for the high-quality breeding of early indica rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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cDNA Cloning and Molecular Characterization of OsTAF12b Gene in Oryza sativa QI Panpan, GUO Liuming, LI Jing, LÜ Mingfang, YUAN Zhengjie, ZHANG Hengmu Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2023, 37 (6): 577-586.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.230108 Abstract （173）   HTML （29）    PDF （2246KB）（374）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 In order to determine the alternative splicing forms of TATA-box binding protein (TBP) associated factor 12b (OsTAF12b), a component of the general transcription factor ⅡD (TFⅡD), in rice (Oryza sativa), characterize their subcellular localization and expression patterns, and provide basal information for further functional studies. 【Method】 The full-length cDNA of OsTAF12b was amplified and cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA 5’-/3’-ends (RACE). Multiple sequence alignment and a phylogenetic tree were conducted by bioinformatic analysis. The subcellular localization of OsTAF12b was observed with a laser confocal microscopy and its expression patterns under abiotic stresses were analyzed by qRT-PCR. 【Results】 Four alternative splicing forms of OsTAF12b were identified and there was only one lysine difference within their coding regions. OsTAF12b was highly homologous to those of other gramineous plants and they were grouped together in a clade in the phylogenetic tree. The GFP-fused OsTAF12b protein was colocalized with H2B, a marker labeling nuclear localization, in both cells of N. benthamiana leaves and rice protoplasts. Its transcript level was higher in leaves and significantly up-regulated when exposed to different abiotic stresses. 【Conclusion】 The OsTAF12b gene has four alternative splicing forms of transcripts and encodes two nuclear proteins with only a single lysine residue difference. Its expression patterns suggest that OsTAF12 could be involved in response to a variety of abiotic stresses. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of Drought Stress on Root Morphology and Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics of Good Taste japonica Rice from Late Stage of Panicle Differentiation to Early Stage of Grain Filling JING Xiu, ZHOU Miao, WANG Jing, WANG Yan, WANG Wang, WANG Kai, GUO Baowei, HU Yajie, XING Zhipeng, XU Ke, ZHANG Hongcheng Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (1): 33-47.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230804 Abstract （164）   HTML （17）    PDF （2122KB）（295）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The study aims to investigate the impact of soil drought from the late stage of panicle differentiation to the early stage of grain filling, on root morphology, physiology, and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of high-quality japonica rice. This research provides a theoretical foundation for drought-resistant cultivation. 【Method】 Nanjing 9108 and Fengjing 1606 were chosen as test materials. Two soil drought treatments were implemented: light drought (LD, soil water potential at −20±5 kPa) and severe drought (SD, soil water potential at −40±5 kPa). These treatments were applied for 20 days, spanning from the late stage of panicle differentiation to the early stage of grain filling (BAH, 10 days before & 10 days after heading), 10 days during the late stage of panicle differentiation (BH, 10 days before heading), and 10 days during the early stage of grain filling (AH, 10 days after heading). A well-watered treatment was used as the control (CK). 【Result】 1) Root length, root surface area, root volume, root tip number, root dry weight, and root activity for treatments within BAH, BH, AH followed a trend of SD<LD<CK at the end of drought stresses, 10 days after the end of drought stresses, 30 days after heading, and maturity. However, the root-shoot ratio exhibited the opposite trend. At the end of drought stresses, root indicators for SD and LD treatments within BAH significantly differed from CK, while root indicators for SD within BH and AH significantly differed from CK, except for the root-shoot ratio. Root indicators for LD treatments within BH and AH were not significantly different from CK. At the three stages after the end of drought stresses, root indicators for SD within BAH significantly differed from CK, and LD treatments were not significantly different except for root tip number. Root surface area, root volume, root tip number, and root dry weight for SD treatments within BH significantly differed from CK, while no significant differences were observed among the three water treatments within AH. 2) Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qp) for the treatments within BAH, BH, AH showed SD<LD<CK at the end of drought stresses, 10 days after the end of drought stresses, 30 days after heading, and maturity. Conversely, non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) exhibited the opposite trend. At the end of drought stresses, indicators of photosynthetic parameters for SD and LD treatments within BAH significantly differed from CK, and there were significant differences between LD and SD, except for Ci. Indicators for SD treatments within BH and AH significantly differed from CK, while LD treatments were not significantly different from CK. At the three stages after the end of drought stresses, indicators for SD treatments within BAH significantly differed from CK, while LD treatments did not. Only Pn, Tr, and Fv/Fm for SD treatments within BH significantly differed from CK, with no significant differences observed among the three water treatments within AH. 3) Yield for drought treatments within all three periods showed SD<LD<CK. Significant differences were observed among the three drought treatments within BAH and BH, with no significant difference between LD and CK within AH, both of which significantly differed from SD. 【Conclusion】 SD and LD within BAH inhibited root growth and leaf photosynthesis, resulting in a significant reduction in yield, with a smaller impact under LD. Plants under SD within BH found it challenging to return to control levels after treatment, leading to yield reduction. In contrast, plants under SD and LD within AH could recover quickly after treatment. In conclusion, rice root and leaf growth are more sensitive to drought treatments during the BH period in the late stage of panicle differentiation and early stage of grain filling. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development of HRM-based Functional Marker for Gelatinization Temperature Gene ALK in Rice WANG Jun, ZHOU Jing, TAO Yajun, LI Wenqi, ZHU Jianping, FAN Fangjun, WANG Fangquan, XU Yang, CHEN Zhihui, JIANG Yanjie, LI Xia, YANG Jie Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (1): 106-110.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.221203 Abstract （161）   HTML （16）    PDF （756KB）（297）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Gelatinization temperature is an important parameter in rice eating quality which is mainly controlled by the ALK gene. Fast and high-throughput gene functional markers for ALK can improve selection efficiency in quality improvement. 【Method】 According to single nucleotide polymorphism in the functional region of ALK alleles, we developed the gene functional marker based on high resolution melting (HRM) technology. 【Result】 Through PCR amplification and sequencing test, we selected gene markers ALKH4 and ALKH5 in two functional regions of ALK. ALKH4 and ALKH5 were employed to genotype 81 indica varieties and 279 japonica varieties. The results showed that only 16 japonica varieties and 19 indica varieties carrying G-GC genotype were identified as well as 51 japonica varieties carrying A-GC genotype; while 212 japonica varieties and 62 indica varieties fell into G-TT genotype. 【Conclusion】 The HRM-based functional markers ALKH4 and ALKH5 could distinguish different genotypes of gelatinization temperature ALK locus in a fast and high-throughput manner, and have significance in breeding practice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mapping Major QTLs for Panicle Traits Using CSSLs of Dongxiang Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) HU Jiaxiao, LIU Jin, CUI Di, LE Si, ZHOU Huiying, HAN Bing, MENG Bingxin, YU Liqin, HAN Longzhi, MA Xiaoding, LI Maomao Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2023, 37 (6): 597-608.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.221205 Abstract （158）   HTML （22）    PDF （1507KB）（358）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Panicles are the primary yield determinants in rice, making it essential to explore major QTL associated with panicle traits for subsequent fine mapping, cloning, and breeding purposes. 【Method】 We employed a population of Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines(CSSLs) generated by crossing Nipponbare (japonica) with C35 (Dongxiang wild rice) and conducted phenotypic evaluations and major QTL mapping across four distinct ecological environments. 【Result】 Significant variations in panicle traits were observed in the CSSL populations across different ecological environments. The introduction of Dongxiang wild rice chromosome segments brought about substantial changes in panicle traits, leading to a noticeable increase in production. A total of 64 QTLs controlling grain number per panicle and grain size were identified across early-season, mid-season, late-season in Jiangxi, and Hainan environments. Among these QTLs, qPL2, qSN1.2, qSN2, qFGN3, qTGW2, qTGW12.1, and qSL2 consistently expressed in three environments, and 21 QTLs were detected in two environments, while others were specific to a single environment. Major QTLs, including qSN1.1, qSN1.2, qSN2, qSN3, and qSN12, exhibited significant effects on grain number per panicle, suggesting that multiple QTL aggregations play a crucial role in regulating grain number. Major QTLs such as qSL2, qSL3.2, qSLW3.1, qSLW3.2, qTGW8.1, and qSLW10 had evident effects on grain size, influencing grain length, grain width, and the length-to-width ratio. Interactions between these loci jointly determined grain size. Additionally, we observed clusters of panicle trait QTLs on 10 chromosome segments. These major QTL clusters, qGNS1.1, qGNS1.3, qGNS2.1, qGNS3.1, qGNS9, qGNS10, and qGNS12, contained several QTLs that regulated grain number and grain size traits. These clusters exhibited stable expression across diverse environments, underscoring the regulatory role of alleles from Dongxiang wild rice in enhancing yield. 【Conclusion】 These findings not only serve as the foundation for uncovering valuable genes in Dongxiang wild rice but also provide new genetic resources for the rice molecular breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）