【Objective】This study aims to clarify the effect of phosphorus fertilizer dosage on grain yield, phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus fertilizer utilization, and economic benefits of direct-seeded rice in Hubei Province. It provides a theoretical basis for the scientific fertilization of direct-seeded rice in the region.【Methods】Four phosphorus fertilizer application rates (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg/hm²)were established in a multi-site experiment across counties (cities and districts) in the major rice-producing areas of Hubei Province. The grain yield, phosphorus content, phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus fertilizer utilization, and economic benefits of rice under different phosphorus fertilizer dosages were comparatively analyzed.【Results】Compared to the zero phosphorus treatment (0 kg/hm²), the phosphorus fertilizer dosages of 45, 90, and 135 kg/hm² at each experimental site increased the grain yield by 0.18−1.80 t/hm², 0.30−3.24 t/hm², and 0.60−2.61 t/hm², respectively, with average increases of 9.15%, 16.08%, and 18.24%.Additionally, the aboveground phosphorus accumulation of rice increased by 1.57−9.18 kg/hm², 2.67−12.77 kg/hm², and 4.16−15.06 kg/hm², with average increases of 29.14%, 44.92%, and 53.60%, respectively. Overall, rice yield increased with the phosphorus fertilizer dosage in the range of 0−90 kg/hm², and there was no significant difference in rice yield when the phosphorus fertilizer dosage exceeded 90 kg/hm².With the increase in phosphorus fertilizer dosage, rice phosphorus accumulation, production value, and net income followed a trend of increasing and then stabilizing, while partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer, agronomic utilization rate, recycling rate, and production-to-input ratio decreased with higher phosphorus fertilizer dosages. An interaction was observed between phosphorus fertilizer dosage and experimental location regarding yield, phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus fertilizer utilization, production value, and net income of direct-seeded rice.【Conclusion】Appropriate phosphorus fertilizer dosage can significantly improve the grain yield, aboveground phosphorus accumulation, and phosphorus fertilizer utilization of direct-seeded rice. Considering yield, phosphorus accumulation, fertilizer utilization, and economic benefits, the recommended dosage of phosphorus fertilizer for direct-seeded rice in Hubei Province is 58−104 kg/hm², with an average of 82 kg/hm². The theoretical maximum yield can reach 6.97−12.18 t/hm², with an average of 9.14t/hm², which can ensure rice yield while minimizing nutrient loss and reducing environmental pollution.
