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Research Progress in the Function of Basic Leucine Zipper (bZIP) Protein Family in Rice HAN Cong, HE Yuchang, WU Lijuan, JIA Lili, WANG Lei, E Zhiguo Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2023, 37 (4): 436-448.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.221018 Abstract （1742）   HTML （65）    PDF （1407KB）（1700）       Knowledge map    Save As a large family of transcriptional regulators, basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins are widespread in eukaryotes. The bZIP proteins characteristically harbor a bZIP domain composed of two closely adjacent structural features: a DNA-binding basic region and the leucine zipper region. Annotations to eighty-nine bZIP transcription factor-encoding genes are available in the japonica rice genome, 45 of which are identified. They are involved in regulating rice growth and development and responses to biotic and abiotic stress, including seed dormancy and germination, floral transition, and photomorphogenesis, and stress and hormone signaling pathway, etc. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Molecular Mechanism and Breeding Status of Salt Tolerance in Rice WU Mingming, ZENG Wei, ZHAI Rongrong, YE Jing, ZHU Guofu, YU Faming, ZHANG Xiaoming, YE Shenghai Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2022, 36 (6): 551-561.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211111 Abstract （868）   HTML （3948725）    PDF （414KB）（1720）       Knowledge map    Save Saline-alkali soil hinders the growth and development of rice at different stages, resulting in the decrease of rice yield. Salt-tolerant rice breeding is an effective way to increase rice yield. In this paper, the effects of salt stress on agronomic traits at different rice developmental stages were reviewed, and the recent research progress in molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in rice was summarized from four aspects: osmotic regulation, ion response, hormone regulation and active oxygen scavenging. Finally, the breeding status of salt-tolerance rice was summarized, and breeding prospects and promotion of new salt-tolerant rice varieties were discussed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Alleviating Effects of Exogenous Substances on Salt Stress in Rice LIU Shuli, ZHANG Rui, Shahid HUSSAIN, WANG Yang, CHEN Yinglong, WEI Huanhe, HOU Hongyan, DAI Qigen Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2023, 37 (1): 1-15.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220404 Abstract （778）   HTML （40903）    PDF （424KB）（973）       Knowledge map    Save Salt stress is one of the main abiotic factors hindering rice growth, development and grain yield. By the use of exogenous substances, adverse effects can be alleviated and its growth and yield traits can be improved. This work reviews the regulation mechanism and mitigation effect of different exogenous substances (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene, melatonin, salicylic acid, polyamine, brassinosteroid and jasmonic acid as well as calcium and silicon ionic exogenous substances) on rice salt stress. Finally, the utilization and research work of exogenous substances on salt tolerance of rice is prospected in order to lay a theoretical basis for improving rice growth, yield and quality in saline soil. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis and Prospects of Extension of Main Varieties of Hybrid Rice with High Quality in China ZENG Bo, GONG Junyi, ZHANG Fang Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2022, 36 (5): 439-446.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.220408 Abstract （734）   HTML （217072243）    PDF （13466KB）（1302）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The recent ten-odd years have marked an important transition when the quality of hybrid rice has been promoted under the guidance of revised and approved standards. Reviewing the breeding and extension process of high-quality hybrid rice in this period is of great significance for guiding rice breeding in the future. 【Method】 Based on rice materials and data including the extension area of main hybrid rice varieties in China from 2009 to 2020, we analyzed the extension area of male sterile lines, restorer lines and series of varieties, and reviewed the replacement process of major varieties in each rice cropping region. 【Result】 During this period, the extension area of hybrid rice varieties with high quality in China kept growing rapidly, and the high-quality-rice rate in term of planting area in main rice cropping regions increased significantly, but there was still a lack of high-grade rice varieties with high quality. The results also showed that the existing main hybrid rice varieties with high quality were derived from 15 male sterile lines and 9 restorer lines. In addition, the analysis results showed that the major hybrid rice varieties with high quality in different rice cropping regions in China had been replaced on a large scale for 1-2 times. 【Conclusion】 Over the past 12 years, driven by the innovation of rice breeding technology, the process of high-quality hybrid rice breeding in China has been significantly accelerated, a large number of high-quality hybrid rice varieties have emerged in various rice cropping regions, the planting area has increased rapidly, and the proportion of high-quality varieties applied in production has increased significantly. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress on the Effects of OsNramp5 Mutation on Important Agronomic Traits in Rice LI Xiaoxiu, LÜ Qiming, YUAN Dingyang Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2022, 36 (6): 562-571.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.220316 Abstract （720）   HTML （476077）    PDF （425KB）（1106）       Knowledge map    Save Developing low-cadmium (Cd) rice cultivars is the most economical and effective way to solve the problem of “Cadmium Rice”. Previous studies have shown that OsNramp5 is the major transport gene for Cd uptake in rice. The functional deficiency of OsNramp5 leads to a significant decrease in the content of Cd in rice grains, and the uptake of manganese (Mn) is also affected. However, in previous studies on the effect of OsNramp5 variation on rice growth and development, the conclusions were inconsistent. The systematic understanding of the effects of OsNramp5 mutation on important agronomic traits in rice will promote the development of new rice cultivars with low-Cd and high-quality. This manuscript focuses on the effects of OsNramp5 mutation on the content of metal ions, growth and development, yield and quality of rice, so as to provide scientific guidance for the breeding of new rice cultivars with low Cd accumulation by OsNramp5 mutation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development of New Low Glutelin Content japonica Rice Lines with Good Eating Quality and Fragrance by Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection CHEN Tao, ZHAO Qingyong, ZHU Zhen, ZHAO Ling, YAO Shu, ZHOU Lihui, ZHAO Chunfang, ZHANG Yadong, WANG Cailin Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2023, 37 (1): 55-65.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220302 Abstract （713）   HTML （20916）    PDF （3616KB）（878）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Developing new low glutelin content varieties is an important direction of functional rice breeding. It is necessary to strengthen the synchronized improvement of rice functionality and eating quality in breeding to meet the needs of nephropathic patients for rice quality and physical health. 【Method】 The good eating quality japonica rice variety Nanjing 46 with the low amylose content gene Wxmp and fragrance gene fgr was used as the parent to cross and backcross with the variety LGC-1 from Japan containing the Lgc1 gene. The molecular markers co-isolated with target genes were utilized for genotypic detection in combination with field selection and five new lines were obtained in BC2F6 generation. Taking parents Nanjing 46 and LGC-1 as control, the agronomic, yield and quality traits of these lines were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with LGC-1, these lines has similar glutelin content and absorbable protein content, improved eating quality, excellent comprehensive characters and high yield potential. They are suitable to grow in different regions of Jiangsu Province. 【Conclusion】 As a rapid, accurate and effective method, the molecular marker-assisted selection, in combination with conventional breeding technology, can significantly improve the breeding efficiency of the low gluten rice varieties with good quality and high yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Improvement of Herbicide Resistance in Rice by Using CRISPR/Cas9 System YIN Liying, ZHANG Yuanye, LI Rongtian, HE Mingliang, WANG Fangquan, XU Yang, LIU Xinxin, PAN Tingting, TIAN Xiaojie, BU Qingyun, LI Xiufeng Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2022, 36 (5): 459-466.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211004 Abstract （632）   HTML （11927650）    PDF （932KB）（1006）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 It is of great significance to create herbicide-resistant rice varieties. The acetyllactic acid synthase (ALS) gene was edited to create rice varieties with excellent herbicide resistance using non-herbicide-resistant japonica rice varieties with good quality as materials. 【Methods】Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the single-base mutant vector pH-NCas9-PBA-ALS was constructed with acyllactic acid synthase (ALS) as the target gene. Songjing 22, Longjing 46 and Suijing 18 were used as transformation materials to obtain transgenic plants through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Genotypes and phenotypes were identified by sequencing the mutation sites of transgenic plants and herbicide spraying test. 【Results】 Ten ALSS627N mutants, one ALSS627N and 1884G-A(the 628th amino acid unchanged mutant), and one ALSS627N/G628E mutant were obtained by molecular level detection. Compared with the wild type, the three types of mutants had stronger herbicide resistance. 【Conclusion】 Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, we obtained homozygous mutant lines which are genetically stable and herbicide-resistant, providing basic materials for herbicide-resistant rice breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances in the Molecular Mechanism of Rice Plant Type LAN Jinsong, ZHUANG Hui Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2023, 37 (5): 449-458.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.221102 Abstract （606）   HTML （71）    PDF （401KB）（976）       Knowledge map    Save The plant type of rice is one of the major factors determining rice yield. The ideotype of high-yielding rice cultivar is an important way to increase rice yield potential in rice breeding. Dwarf breeding in the 1950s and hybrid rice breeding in the 1970s are two revolutions in rice yield. However, the growth rate of rice yield has slowed down significantly in recent years. The third yield breakthrough depends on the super-high-yield breeding that combines ideotype with heterosis. We briefly reviewed the advances in the regulation mechanism of rice plant architecture, focusing on the progress achieved in leaf, panicle, grain and other aspects, and looked forward to the future research trends rice ideotype. It will lay a solid foundation for improving rice plant type and further increasing rice yield through molecular breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Mechanism Behind Heat Damage and Its Regulatory Techniques During Flowering in Rice XU Yongqiang, JIANG Ning, FENG Baohua, XIAO Jingjing, TAO Longxing, FU Guanfu Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (2): 111-126.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230601 Abstract （602）   HTML （54）    PDF （498KB）（855）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, extremely high temperatures have significantly impacted rice growth, yield, and quality. The flowering stage of rice is particularly sensitive to high temperatures, making it crucial to study their effects on spikelet fertility and cultivation techniques. To mitigate high-temperature damage to rice and enhance food security, this paper reviews the characteristics and mechanisms of rice floret opening, anther dehiscence, pollen scattering, pollen germination, and pollen tube elongation under high-temperature stress. It clarifies the regulatory mechanisms of heat tolerance during rice flowering and proposes cultivation measures to alleviate high-temperature damage. This paper offers new insights into heat resistance mechanisms and cultivation technologies at the rice flowering stage, with promising implications for future research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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OsLOX10 Positively Regulates Defense Responses of Rice to Rice Blast and Bacterial Blight ZHOU Yonglin, SHEN Xiaolei, ZHOU Lishuai, LIN Qiaoxia, WANG Zhaolu, CHEN Jing, FENG Huijie, ZHANG Zhenwen, CHEN Xiaoting, LU Guodong Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2022, 36 (4): 348-356.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210604 Abstract （561）   HTML （1613258780）    PDF （62674KB）（1031）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae and bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) seriously affect rice yield and quality. The transgenic materials of OsLOX10 were created to evaluate the resistance to M. oryzae and Xoo. The possible mechanism of OsLOX10 in regulating the defense responses to rice blast and bacterial blight were elucidated. 【Method】The knockout vector of OsLOX10 was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 system, and the overexpression vector of OsLOX10 was constructed by linearizing pCXUN-HA with restriction enzyme XcmⅠ and linking with TA ligation. Transgenic rice was obtained by genetic transformation, and the homozygous transgenic lines were screened for fungal and bacterial resistance analysis. The expression dynamics of SA (salicylic acid) and JA (jasmonic acid) pathway marker genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR after infection with M. oryzae. The outbreak of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by chitin and flg22 in rice was also observed. 【Result】qRT-PCR analysis showed that the OsLOX10 expression was up-regulated 24 h after inoculation with M. oryzae and Xoo. The OsLOX10 knockout lines were more susceptible to the rice blast than that of the wild type (Nipponbare) when inoculated with the spore suspension of M. oryzae Guy11, while the overexpressed lines had no typical disease symptoms. At 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours post inoculation, the transcriptional levels of three pathogenesis-related genes, OsPBZ1, OsPR1a and OsPR1b, and two JA pathway genes, OsAOS2 and OsLOX5, and SA pathway gene OsPAL1, were significantly down-regulated in the knockout transgenic lines. However, they were significantly up-regulated in overexpressed transgenic lines. The OsLOX10 transgenic rice was inoculated with Xoo (PXO99A), and the OsLOX10 knockout lines were more susceptible to bacterial blight. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the relative expression levels of OsPR1b, OsPAL1 and the three genes (OsAOS2, OsAOC and OsJAZ) involved in the JA synthesis pathway were up-regulated in OsLOX10 overexpression lines, significantly down-regulated in OsLOX10 knockout lines seven days after Xoo inoculation. OsLOX10 knockout also significantly reduced the ROS level induced by chitin and flg22 in rice, delayed the peaking time of ROS induced by chitin, and reduced the sensitivity of rice to chitin and flg22.【Conclusion】OsLOX10 could be induced by infection with M. oryzae and Xoo. OsLOX10 may be involved in pathogen-associated molecular patterns triggered immunity, and play a positive regulatory role in rice resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight. Moreover, the OsLOX10 may regulate rice resistance to M. oryzae and Xoo through SA and JA mediated signaling pathways. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress of Rice with Low Glycemic Index LI Xia, JIANG Yanjie, TAO Yajun, LI Wenqi, WANG Fangquan, CHEN Zhihui, XU Yang, WANG Jun, FAN Fangjun, ZHU Jianping, Sreenivasulu NESE, YANG Jie Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2022, 36 (4): 336-347.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210902 Abstract （540）   HTML （1225319455）    PDF （103817KB）（1108）       Knowledge map    Save Milled white rice is typical starch-rich food, serves as the major daily caloric source for a majority of the world population especially for Asian. Most rice varieties are of high glycemic index, a food quality inferenced to contribute to the health problems surrounding high-calorie intake and dysregulated glucose metabolism. A lot of studies have been carried out attempting to lower glycemic index. The effects of various factors, large-scale screening methods, genetic mechanism and its related genes, starch structure and genetic improvement on low glycemic index of rice were summarized in this review. And proposal researches were put forward as well. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Breeding of Rc Function Restoration Red Rice via CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Genome Editing ZHANG Yuanye, YIN Liying, LI Rongtian, HE Mingliang, LIU Xinxin, PAN Tingting, TIAN Xiaojie, BU Qingyun, LI Xiufeng Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2022, 36 (6): 572-578.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211205 Abstract （532）   HTML （1867912）    PDF （2487KB）（723）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 It is of great value to restore cultivated rice varieties to red rice with good rice quality and strong stress resistance. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was used to edit the Rc gene, restoring the red seed coat, and laying a data foundation for the improvement of rice quality and resistance.【Methods】 Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the target gene Rc mutant vector pYLCRISPR/ Cas9-Rc-gRNA was constructed and transformed into transgenic plants with Kongyu 180 and Shangyu 453 as materials. The results were verified by sequencing and phenotypic observation. 【Results】 Two Rc mutants were obtained. For KY-1, with 4 bases deleted from 1414 bp to 1417 bp, the terminator was replaced by phenylalanine. SY-1 also lost a base at 1411 bp, which resulted in the transformation from the terminator to aspartic acid. The two kinds of editing materials restored red rice phenotype and had certain saline-alkali tolerance.【Conclusion】 Using CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we obtained homozygous lines with red seed coat, providing basic materials for the improvement of red rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Directed Knockout of SD1 Gene Improves Lodging Resistance and Blast Resistance of Rice LI Gang, GAO Qingsong, LI Wei, ZHANG Wenxia, WANG Jian, CHEN Baoshan, WANG Di, GAO Hao, XU Weijun, CHEN Hongqi, JI Jianhui Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2023, 37 (4): 359-367.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.221113 Abstract （523）   HTML （35）    PDF （1390KB）（863）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Huai 119 is a high-yielding japonica rice variety. To improve its unfavorable traits, especially high plant height and poor resistance to rice blast, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to knock out its ‘Green Revolution’ gene SD1.【Method】 We selected the SD1 gene as the target to construct the CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout vector, which was then transformed into Huai 119 by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method, and the homozygous sd1 knockout line without transgenic insertion was obtained. Subsequently, we compared and analyzed the plant height, rice blast resistance, and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of the sd1 and wild-type lines.【Result】 We successfully isolated a homozygous sd1 knockout line without transgenic insertion in the background of Huai 119. In field paddy, it was found that over 60% of the planting area of wild-type Huai 119 was lodging, while the sd1 homozygous mutant population effectively avoided lodging in the later stages of growth due to its shorter plant height. In addition, after treatment with different concentrations of GA (0.01-1.00 μmol/L), the plant height increase of wild-type plants was significantly greater than that of the sd1 line, indicating that the sensitivity of sd1 line to exogenous GA treatment was reduced. The identification of rice blast resistance shows that knocking out SD1 also contributed to the improvement of rice blast resistance of Huai 119. However, the absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen decreased due to the knockout of SD1. 【Conclusion】 The knockout of SD1 gene in the rice variety Huai 119 not only improves lodging resistance by reducing plant height, but also enhances the resistance to rice blast. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Prospects for the Application of Gene Editing and Genomic Selection in Rice Breeding LIANG Chuyan, WU Mingming, HUANG Fengming, ZHAI Rongrong, YE Jing, ZHU Guofu, YU Faming, ZHANG Xiaoming, YE Shenghai Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (1): 1-12.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230503 Abstract （498）   HTML （48）    PDF （324KB）（962）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is the main grain crop in China. Due to large population and limited land resources in China, rice breeding goals have long been yield oriented. Chinese researchers have continuously achieved breakthroughs in rice breeding technology, and the adoption of dwarf breeding and hybrid rice breeding technology has resulted in two significant leaps in rice yield in China. However, with the improvement of living standards and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, higher demands have been placed on rice in terms of yield, quality, and resistance. At present, biotechnology is undergoing constant innovation, particularly with the rapid development of gene editing and genomic selection breeding technology. This progress is expected to provide robust support for the development of new rice varieties with high yield, superior quality, and resistance to multiple factors. It helps promote the green and sustainable development of rice production. This paper reviews the recent advancements in gene editing technology and genomic selection technology in rice breeding for high yield, superior quality, disease and insect resistance, stress tolerance, and heterosis. The goal is to provide breeding strategies for the efficient development of new varieties to meet demands. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation System of indica Rice 9311 and Huazhan ZHANG Jia, WANG Huijie, HE Zhengquan, LIU Wenzhen Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2023, 37 (2): 213-224.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220305 Abstract （488）   HTML （98）    PDF （2866KB）（648）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The rice transgenic technology is an important tool to promote rice molecular biology research and precision breeding. Agrobacterium-mediated transgenic technology has become the mainstream method for rice genetic transformation. Nevertheless, due to its genotype, the genetic transformation efficiency of typical indica rice is still quite low. It is urgent to improve its transformation efficiency. 【Method】 The effects of medium composition and photoperiod on genetic transformation efficiency of recalcitrated indica rice varieties 9311 and Huazhan were investigated. 【Result】 The results showed that MS macro element, B5 micro element, N6 organic matter and maltose were the best combination for 9311 tissue culture. MS macro element, MS micro element, MS organic matter and maltose were the best combination for Huazhan tissue culture. Adding 0.5 mg/L BAP or 1.5 mg/L KT into the induction medium could significantly improve the regeneration rate of 9311 and Huazhan tissue culture, up to more than 70.0%. The transformation efficiency with 100 μmol/L AS in the infection solution was higher than that with 200 μmol/L AS. Photoperiod experiments suggested that different photoperiod strategies should be adopted for 9311 and Huazhan transformation. 9311 transformation efficiency peaked, 6.0%?6.4%, under continuous darkness at the induction and selection stages and continuous light at the differentiation stage. Huazhan transformation efficiency reached the highest, 5.0%?7.5%, under 12 h photoperiod at all stages. 【Conclusion】 Collectively, the present study optimized tissue culture and genetic transformation system of recalcitrant indica rice varieties 9311 and Huazhan. Our methods could also be applied to the genetic transformation of other related indica rice genotypes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparison of Grain Quality Profiles of japonica Soft Rice Varieties with Different Amylose Contents SHI Yuliang, YANG Yong, LI Xuefei, LI Qianfeng, HUANG Lichun, ZHANG Changquan, SONG Xuetang, LIU Qiaoquan Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2022, 36 (6): 601-610.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211212 Abstract （486）   HTML （688672）    PDF （2217KB）（927）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Soft rice with low amylose content (5%−12%) usually has a good taste and is very popular in the domestic rice market. However, soft rice varieties differ greatly in the grain quality profiles, which has not been well understood yet. Thus, it is necessary to characterize the difference in grain quality profiles of different soft rice types in detail. 【Method】 Eight japonica rice varieties, including four soft rice, two normal ones, and two glutinous ones released in Jiangsu Province were selected for systematic grain quality analysis. 【Result】 Sequencing results showed that the soft rice varieties Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 9108 carry the Wxmp alleles, while the other two soft rice varieties, Xiangruanyu and Wuxianjing 113, carry the same Wxb allele as that in two normal japonica rice varieties. Rice grain quality analysis showed that both Xiangruanyu and Wuxiangjing 113 have lower amylose content and more opaque endosperm than those of the other two soft rice varieties Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 9108. There were obvious cavities within the single starch granule in all the four soft rice. Amylose content had a negative correlation with the level of rice endosperm transparency. Rice taste quality analysis showed that the soft rice with lower amylose content had a better taste value, because rice with lower amylose content tended to have lower cool paste viscosity, setback value, and higher breakdown value. Starch fine structure analysis showed that endosperm starch from soft rice contains less amylose and more short-chain amylopectin as compared with the two normal rice varieties. 【Conclusion】 There were significant differences in genetics and grain quality among the selected four soft rice varieties in Jiangsu Province. It provides important information for the breeding of new soft rice varieties as well as cloning of novel genes related to rice grain quality. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Responses of Rice Varieties Differing in Salt Tolerance to Salt Stress and Their Physiological Mechanisms ZHOU Zhenling, LIN Bing, ZHOU Qun, YANG Bo, LIU Yan, ZHOU Tianyang, WANG Baoxiang, GU Junfei, XU Dayong, YANG Jianchang Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2023, 37 (2): 153-165.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.221005 Abstract （481）   HTML （84）    PDF （1261KB）（714）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to clarify the response of salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible rice varieties to salt stress and their agronomic and physiological characteristics. 【Method】 Tow salt tolerant rice varieties Lianjian 5 and Yandao 16Z38 and two salt sensitive rice varieties Huajing 5 and Lianjing 17 were grown in pots at salt concentrations of 0 g/kg (control) and 3 g/kg (salt stress) in the soil. 【Result】 Compared with the control, salt stress decreased grain yield of both salt tolerant varieties and salt sensitive varieties, with more reduction in the latter. A higher grain yield for salt tolerant varieties than that for salt sensitive varieties under salt stress was mainly attributed to more total spikelet number and higher seed setting rate. Compared with salt sensitive varieties, salt tolerant rice varieties had higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, in leaves at the stages of mid tillering, jointing heading, and mid grain filling, higher contents of organic osmotic regulators such as proline and proline synthase activities in roots, and higher K+/Na+ values at jointing and heading stages. Salt tolerant rice varieties also showed higher crop growth rates from tillering to jointing and from heading to maturity, higher leaf area index and leaf SPAD value at heading stage, and higher root oxidation activity from heading to mid grain filling stage. 【Conclusion】 More total spikelet number, stronger antioxidant and osmoregulation ability, higher root oxidation activity, and higher K+/Na+ values contributed to a higher grain yield for the salt tolerant varieties under salt stress. Higher superoxide dismutase activity and root oxidation activity could be used as important physiological indexes in breeding and selecting salt tolerant rice varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Mining and Utilization of Rice Blast Resistance Genes YANG Jie, YANG Changdeng, ZENG Yuxiang, HOU Yuxuan, CHEN Tianxiao, LIANG Yan Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (6): 591-603.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230911 Abstract （479）   HTML （69）    PDF （430KB）（1309）       Knowledge map    Save Rice blast is a disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, which seriously threatens the yield and quality of rice. At present, breeding disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective way to control rice blast, and identifying resistance genes is the key to disease-resistant variety breeding. The review summarized the types of rice blast resistance genes cloned as well as the current mainstream techniques for identifying blast-resistant genes. The application of these genes has been outlined along with future development directions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Characteristics and Physiological Mechanism of Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation and Translocation of japonica Rice Varieties Differing in Nitrogen Use Efficiency REN Weichen, CHANG Qingxia, ZHANG Yajun, ZHU Kuanyu, WANG Zhiqin, YANG Jianchang Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2022, 36 (6): 586-600.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211203 Abstract （456）   HTML （485783）    PDF （6630KB）（967）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to elucidate the characteristics of nitrogen uptake and translocation and their mechanism of the rice varieties differing in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). 【Method】 Two N-efficient varieties (NEVs: Wuyunjing 30, Lianjing 7) and two N-inefficient varieties (NIVs: Yangjing 4038, Ningjing 1) were grown in a paddy field under two N rates including 0 kg /hm2 (0N) and 180 kg /hm2 (180N), and the dry matter and N accumulation and translocation and their mechanism in these japonica rice varieties were investigated. 【Result】 The NEVs exhibited higher grain yield and NUE, more total spikelets and greater filled grain percentage in comparison with NIVs. NEVs also showed higher pre-anthesis matter translocation and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, higher crop growth rate and net assimilation rate during the stages from mid-tillering to panicle initiation and from heading to maturity, greater sugar-spikelet ratio, the ratio of abscisic acid to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content and activities of the enzymes involved in starch synthesis in grains, more remobilization of nonstructural carbohydrates from stems and sheaths to grains during grain filling, higher activities of enzymes in sucrose synthesis and the expression level of genes related to sucrose transport. The NEVs had higher nitrogen uptake, greater nitrogen translocation amount after heading, higher contents of specific leaf N and cytokinins, higher activities of enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism and the expression level of genes involved in nitrogen transport in leaves. 【Conclusion】 Higher matter production efficiency before panicle differentiation and after heading, greater carbon and nitrogen translocation and accumulation during grain filling are the important mechanisms behind the synergistic improvement in grain yield and NUE of NEVs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Transcriptome Analysis of Young Rice Panicles in Early Response to Exposure to Mycotoxin of Ustilaginoidea virens FU Rongtao, WANG Jian, CHEN Cheng, ZHAO Liyu, CHEN Xuejuan, LU Daihua Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2022, 36 (5): 447-458.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210714 Abstract （455）   HTML （19792009）    PDF （28637KB）（930）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens not only leads to rice yield loss, but also produces mycotoxins which is toxic to animals and plants. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the response to exposure to mycotoxin the young panicles of rice were mycotoxin-treated with U. virens mycotoxin, which may provide a new idea for exploring rice false smut resistance genes and molecular breeding for disease resistance. 【Method】Transcriptome sequencing was performed with mycotoxin-treated young panicles as materials. The genome of 9311 was used as the reference genome to align the sequences. The expression level of genes was calculated by the term of Transcripts Per Million (TPM). According to the database, the differentially expressed genes were screened by parameters (|LOG2 fold change|≥1 and q-value≤0.05). Combined with differential expression analysis and function annotation, the key genes in response to mycotoxin were identified in rice panicles. The differentially expressed genes were verified by qRT-PCR. 【Result】2526 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in young panicles of rice after 12 h treated with mycotoxin. Through GO enrichment, KEGG metabolic pathway and KOG function analysis, the DEGs were divided into 64 terms under GO function, 32 metabolic pathways and 23 categories under KOG function, including starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropyl biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, amino sugar and nucleoside sugar metabolism and other biological processes. There were 66 plant transcription factors in DEGs, which belonged to 7 family of plant transcription factors, including WRKY and Myb. The expression levels of OsCPS2, OSKSL4 and cytochrome P450 were up-regulated, while the expression levels of amylase, beta-fructofuranosidase and UGPase were down-regulated when we analyzed genes involved in diterpenoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways. Therefore, it is speculated that these genes play an important role in rice response to mycotoxin of U. virens stress. 【Conclusion】As an abiotic stress factor, mycotoxin of U. virens had a toxic effect on young panicles of rice. It affects the synthesis of nutrients in seeds by interfering with metabolism of starch and sucrose, and thus reduces the resistance of rice to pathogen infection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）