Abstract: Diversity and good germplasm were studied based on 5285 accessions in Yunnan indigenous rice varieties. The results showed that:(1) Yunnan Province is the most center of genetic diversity for Chinese cultivated rice and the central region and natural treasurehouse of good resources in China. There is great clear difference on diversity among characters, especially between prefectures,the diversity of Yunnan rice was classified into the center area, diffuse area and wasteland area.(2) Yunnan Province is the enrich center of good germplasm in Yunnan rice,Yunnan rice is the best material of researching the core collection.(3) The core collection established based on Yunnan rice resources could used to build the ideal core collection bank,but also definitude the phylogenesis law of good germplasm resources and establish the dynamic gene bank of core collection.

Key words: Yunnan indigenous rice varieties, core collection, diversity, germplasm

摘要： 以5285余份云南地方稻种资源为研究对象进行云南地方稻种的多样性及优异种质研究。结果表明：（1）云南是中国稻种最大的遗传和生态多样性中心及其天然宝库，不仅性状间多样性存在较大差异，更重要的是地州间的多样性差异也十分明显，云南稻种资源的多样性大致可划分为多样性中心区、多样性扩散区和多样性贫乏区。（2）云南是中国稻种优异种质的富集中心, 云南地方稻种是开展中国稻种资源核心种质研究的最佳材料。（3）以云南地方稻种为研究对象开展云南稻种核心种质库的构建工作，不仅可以构建理想的核心种质库，而且可以明确核心种质的系统发生规律和建立优异核心种质动态基因库

关键词: 云南地方稻种, 核心种质, 多样性, 稻种资源