Archive

10 October 2001, Volume 15 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
研究报告
实验技术
研究简报


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

研究报告

Select

Cloning and Sequencing of Disease Resistance Gene Analogues in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) YANG Qin-zhong ,YANG Pei-wen ,WANG Qun ,Liu Ji-mei ,YAN Bo ,LI Jia-rui ,HUANG Xing-qi 2001, 15(4): 241-247 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (397KB) ( )   Two sets of degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed on the basis of nucleotide-binding site (NBS) motifs conserved among the disease resistance genes Xa1, RPM1, RPS2, N, L6, Pib, I2C, Prf, M, and serine/threonine protein kinase (STK) motifs conserved among the disease resistance genes Pto, Fen, Lr10, Xa21, respectively. The primers weresubsequentlyused as PCR primers to amplify resistance gene analogues in a high blast resistant rice cultivar Yunxi 2 (Oryza sativa L.). Sequencing of amplification products indicated that at least 11 classes of NBS resistance gene analogues and 16 classes of STK resistance gene analogues were detected. All of NBS resistance gene analogues contained the conserved motifs of NBS LRR type resistance genes, such as P loop (Kinase 1a), Kinase 2, Kinase 3a and transmembrance domain. All of STK resistance analogues contained the catalytic domains of serine/threonine protein kinase, such as Ⅰ to Ⅴ, Ⅵ (consensus sequence: DLKPEN), Ⅶ, Ⅷ(consensus sequence GT/SXXYXAPE) and Ⅸ. YR12 showed significant amino acid homology (63% identify and 77% similarity) to blight resistance gene Xa1 of rice to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. YK19 exhibited 52% deduced amino acid identify and 67% similarity to resistance gene Xa21 of rice to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. YK13,YK21,YK25 and YK26 showed significant amino acid homology (61%-64% identify and 76%-78% similarity) to resistance gene Lr10 of wheat to Puccinia recondita. YK1 showed 60% identify and 76% similarity to resistance gene Pto of tomato to Peseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.

Select

Effect of Developmental Stage on QTLs Mapping for Some Traits Associated with Tolerance to Low-P Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) MING Feng ,MI Guo-hua ,ZHANG Fu-suo ,ZHU Li-huang ,ZHENG Xian-wu 2001, 15(4): 248-252 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (193KB) ( )   One hundred twenty seven rice DH lines derived from F1 between Zhaiyeqing 8 (indica) and Jingxi 17 (japonica) were used to locate QTLs for root surface area and dry weight under phosphorus deficient condition at 10, 20 and 30 days after treatment. The results showed that, as for relative root surface area, one QTL was detected on 10 days after treatment (the third leaf stage), but not on 30 days. QTLs associated with root dry weight were detected on 20 and 30 days after treatment respectively. However, they showed differences in marker intervals, chromosome location and variation explanation, indicating that interaction existed between plant development and QTL mapping. It is suggested that root morphological traits should be investigated on 10 days after treatment for evaluating the adaptive mechanism to low P stress. While for evaluating the sensitivity to low P (relative dry weight as index), the suitable seedling should be 30 days after treatment.

Select

Mapping of QTL for Rice Blast Resistance by Using Candidate Genes FAN Ye-yang ,WU Jian-li ,ZHUANG Jie-yun ,Hei LEUNG ,ZHENG Kang-le 2001, 15(4): 253-256 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (148KB) ( )   Candidate genes, deriving from cloned and characterized DNA sequences associated with known or potential functions, were employed to detect QTL for blast resistance in an F8 recombined inbred population constructed from the cross Zhong 156/Gumei 2. Most candidate genes were clusterly distributed in regions of known resistance gene clusters. One QTL for lesion size (LS) and another QTL for lesion number (LN) were detected. QTL qLS-1 located in the interval of CG36a-RM212 on chromosome 1 explained 4.17% of the phenotypic variance, and the resistance allele was from Gumei 2. QTL qLN-2 located in the interval of CG18a-RM263 on chromosome 2 explained 6.25% of the phenotypic variance, and the resistance allele was from Zhong 156. Three pairs of significant digenic interactions were also found, among which two controlled diseased leaf area and one controlled LS. Candidate genes associated with resistance to rice blast were related to several types, including resistance gene homologues, ion channel regulator, and genes encoding pathogenicity related protein and chitinase. The results indicated that the application of candidate genes might facilitate the discovery of the functions of resistance QTL. In addition, Rp1 conditioning leaf rust resistance in maize showed association with rice blast resistance, indicating the possibility of ultilizing rice genome for cloning genes in larger genome.

Select

Construction of Double Haploid (DH) and Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) Population of Indica-Japonica Hybrid and Their Differential in Indica and Japonica Property CHENG Shi-hua,MAO Chuan-zao,ZHAN Xiao-deng,SI Hua-min,SUN Zong-xiu 2001, 15(4): 257-260 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (137KB) ( )   A double haploid (DH) population with 132 plant lines and a recombination inbred lines (RIL) with 152 plant lines were constructed through one step anther culture and continuous self pollination of the hybrid between 02428 (japonica) and Teqing (indica), respectively. The differentiation of indica and japonica in the two populations was detected by the morphological index and RFLP method. All the morphological traits of DH and RIL populations were in continuous segregation and showed normal distribution. It was indicated that the segregation and recombination of genes of indica and japonica in DH population were basically random and the overall frequency of alleles did not deviate from the ratio of 1∶1. But RIL population was significantly tended to the indica parent.

Select

Physical and Chemical Quality Characters and Combining Ability of Leaf Color Mutants of Rice CHEN Shan-fu,SHEN Sheng-quan,WU Dian-xing,XIA Ying-wu,SHU Qing-yao 2001, 15(4): 261-264 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (132KB) ( )   Leaf color mutant lines, designed as LBn and ⅡBn, respectively, were obtained from the mutated progenies of two cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) maintainers Longtefu B and Ⅱ32B, of which the dried seeds were treated with 300 Gy 60Co-γ rays. It was found that all 13 lines of LBn had similar apparent amylose content (AAC), alkali spreading value(ASV) and gel consistency (GC) to their parental variety, respectively. The starch paste characters (RVA profiles) of the 13 mutant lines were markedly different from that of their parent Longtefu B. However, the AAC, ASV and GC of ⅡB11 was significantly different from those of Ⅱ32B, and so of the GC of ⅡB9. The RVA profiles of ⅡB9 and ⅡB11 were different from those of Ⅱ32B to some extent. Test of F 1 hybrid performance showed that LA3 and ⅡA2, derived from leaf color mutant lines LB3 and ⅡB2, respectively, had excellent combining ability similar to their corresponding parents.

Select

Dry Matter Production Characteristics of Super High Yielding Rice YANG Hui-jie ,LI Yi-zhen ,YANG Ren-cui ,JIANG Zhao-wei ,ZHENG Jing-sheng 2001, 15(4): 265-270 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (188KB) ( )   Physiological characteristics of super high yielding rice cultivars, which were bred recently, were studied in Longhai, Fujian and Taoyuan, Yunnan. The results showed that super high yielding rice cultivars accumulated high biomass production. The grain yield were raised with the increase of total dry matter accumulation. The grain yield resulted primarily from biomass production and harvest index contributed little to the grain yield. The production superiority of super high yielding rice was exhibited during the middle and late growth stages and the yield was increased with the increase of net dry matter accumulation during the two stages. The crop growth rate(CGR) of the cultivar during the middle and late growth stages had high positive correlation with the yield. However there was no close correlation between the CGR and the yield during the early stage. The average exportation amount of stem and leaf dry matter contributed 24%(Fujian) or 33%(Yunnan) to grain production. Both stem and leaf dry matter exportation amount and dry matter accumulation after heading had a very significant positive correlation with the grain yield. The contribution of CGR to dry matter accumulation was significantly larger than that of growth duration.

Select

Characteristics of Dry Matter Production and Nutrient Uptake and Utilization of Super High Yielding Japonica Hybrid Rice CHEN Jin-hong,GUO Heng-de,MAO Guo-juan,TAO Zhi-biao,ZHANG Guo-ping,ZHAO Wei-ming 2001, 15(4): 271-275 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (142KB) ( )   The comparative study on characteristics of dry matter production and nutrient uptake and utilization of japonica hybrid rice was conducted under super high yielding and high yielding conditions. The results showed that the dry matter weight per hill, total yield of dry matter per unit area, the accumulation amount of dry matter from heading to maturity stage and its ratio to total grain yield and the harvest index of super high yielding japonica hybrid rice were higher compared with high yielding rice. The amount of demand for N, P and K, especially the ratios of P and K requirement of super high yielding japonica hybrid rice plant were higher than those of high yielding rice. The allotment ratios of N, P and K in grain at maturity were high and that in leaf and sheath were low in super high yielding japonica hybrid rice compared with high yielding rice. The nutrient efficiency ratio, nutrient harvest index and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) were also higher than those of high yielding rice especially the NUE calculated in terms of grain yield was significant higher than that of high yielding rice.

Select

Comparison of Root Distribution Between Different Type Rice WU Wei-ming,SONG Xiang-fu,SUN Zong-xiu,YU Yong-hong,ZOU Guo-yan 2001, 15(4): 276-280 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (165KB) ( )   Root distribution of rice was studied in 1999-2000, the results showed that the root distribution of different type rice is different. Compared with indica rice, the root system of japonica rice expands deeply into soil, its root dry weight rate below 20 cm depth is more than 15 percent, the root depth index is more than 10, whereas the root dry weight rate below 20 cm depth in indica rice is less than 10 percent, and the root depth index is less than 10. The root distribution of hybrid rice between indica and japonica is similar to that of japonica rice.

Select

Effects of Nitrogen and Planting Density on N-Absorption and Yield of Rice SU Zu-fang,ZHOU Pei-nan,XU Nai-xia,ZHANG Ya-jie 2001, 15(4): 281-286 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (151KB) ( )   The effects of amount of nitrogen and planting density on N absorption and yield formation of rice were studied with mid season rice japonica cv. 9516 and indica hybrid rice Shanyou 63. The results are as follows: at maturing stage, the total amount of N absorption (ANA) in plants and in panicles were increased with the increase of N application, but the ratio of ANA of panicles to the total ANA of plants decreased, the total ANA varied among different row spacings. Diversification of the total number of spikelets per area,ANA per plant varied in large range, but the relative capacity of producing spikelet per N application varied in little range. At heading stage, amount of N application in rice can be exactly calculated, according to the numbers of spikelets of anticipated yield and the number of spikelets produced per ANA at different base soil fertility. Caculating the comparative ANA divided by the utilization efficiency of N at heading stage, which can provide theoretical basis for quantitative fertilization in production.

Select

Difference of Ultra-drying Tolerance and Heat-stable Proteins in Seeds of Different Rice Cultivars ZHU Cheng ,LIU Xin ,ZENG Guang-wen ,JING Xing-ming ,WU Ping 2001, 15(4): 287-290 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (153KB) ( )   The difference of ultra drying tolerance and the heat stable proteins were studied among different rice cultivars, and two ideas inferred from the results. (1) The germination rate and vigor index of japonica rice seeds (Chunjiang 15 and Chunjiang 683) decreased rapidly when their moisture content fell to 4.5%. On the contrary, the germination rate and vigor index of indica rice (J174 and J106) seeds changed little even when their moisture content fell to 3.5%, which indicated that indica rice had strong ultra-drying tolerance. While the seeds' tolerance of waxy rice and hybrid rice (Shanyou 63) were intervened in japonica rice’s and indica rice's. (2) SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed that a 36.3 kD heat stable protein appeared only in seeds of rice cultivars (indica rice, waxy rice and hybrid rice) with ultra drying tolerance. These results suggested that the special heat stable proteins might be related to ultra drying tolerance.

Select

Factors Affecting on Conidium Germination and Its Appressorium Formation of Magnaporthe grisea LIN Fu-cheng,LI De-bao 2001, 15(4): 291-297 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (213KB) ( )   Conidium germination and appressorium formation rate under eight substrates, different agar surface with various cAMP and IBMX concentration gradients, different nutrient resource, pH value of conidial suspension, and cultural filter of antigonistic bacteria were observed.Conidium density of its suspension and its pH value did not affect the appressorium formation of Magnaporthe grisea 91-11B1, high density ( conidia >10 5/mL) and unsuitable pH value (>10 or <4) would significantly reduce the germination of conidia.The hydrophobic substratum surfaces could enhance the appressorium formation.The starvation of nutrition and the surfaces of onion epidermis could stimulate the appressorium morphogenesis, and rich nutrition could inhibit it. Compared with ion free pure water,tap water could facilitate the appressorium formation. 2.5 mmol/L cAMP and 8.0 mmol/L IBMX, the mostly commonly used phosphodiesterase inhibitor, significantly promote appressorium formation. Conidia which collected by vibrating method were more effective to differentiate into appressorium than those by washing method. Among 13 strains of antagonistic bacteria, three strains, such as Xh216, Xh240 and Xh220 strongly inhibited the germination and appressorium formation.

Select

Effects of Dietary Amino Acids on Free Amino Acid Pools in the Body and Honeydew of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens FU Qiang ,ZHANG Zhi-tao ,HU Cui ,ZHU Zhi-wei ,LAI Feng-xiang 2001, 15(4): 298-302 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (167KB) ( )   Effects of dietary amino acids on free amino acid pools of the brown planthopper (BPH),Nilaparvata lugens, were investigated by analyzing both body and honeydew of the insects reared on chemically defined diets with different amino acid profiles. The results were showed as follows: 1) Free amino acid pools in the body of BPH were influenced significantly by diets. Although Met increased, the total quantity of free amino acids in BPH ingesting none of amino acids (NEAA BPH) declined to 63.2% of that in BPH ingesting both essential amino acids (EAAs) and nonessential ones (NEAAs) (EAANEAA BPH). Furthermore, Val, Thr, Ile, Leu, Lys, and Cys decreased markedly. Whereas in BPH kept on diet with only NEAAs (NEAA-BPH), Thr and His were significantly higher than those in EAANEAA-BPH. And Ile, Phe and Arg also had the same concentration as those in the latter. The concentration of Val in NEAA-BPH was markedly lower than that in EAANEAA-BPH, but was similar to that in BPH ingesting only EAAs. Met, Lys and Leu in NEAA-BPH were as low as or even significantly lower than those in NEAA-BPH. 2) The composition of free amino acids in honeydew depended on diet on which BPH was reared. However, the relative concentration of amino acids in honeydew was different from those in diets, and some amino acids not existed in diet were detected in honeydew. It was suggested that six EAAs, i.e. Thr, His, Ile, Phe, Arg and Val,could be synthesized even if BPH could only ingested NEAAs.

Select

Effects of the Rice Treated with Herbicides on Several Enzymes of Brown Planthopper, and on Incidence of Rice Injury by Brown Planthopper LIU Jing-lan,WU Jin-cai,YUAN Shu-zhong,XU Jian-xiang,JIANG Yong-hou 2001, 15(4): 303-308 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (162KB) ( )   Metabolization enzymes activity, including carboxylesterase(CarE) and acetytcholinesterrase(AchE) and protective enzymes activity including superoxide dismatese (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) after 5th instar nymph short term feeding(1 d) and long term feeding (third to fifth instar, 7 days) of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens on the rice plant treated with different herbicides and rates were tested. The results indicated that activities of CarE and AchE of BPH feeding on herbicide treated rice were significantly higher than those of control. SOD activities of BPH feeding for 1 h and 7 days were higher than those of control under metolachlor (300 mL/ha), bentazone low dosage and butachlor high dosage treatments. POD activities of other treatments were also higher than those of control, except short term feeding of BPH under metolachlor (300 mL/ha) and bentazone (1500 mL/ha) treatments. Honeydew excretion amount of BPH feeding on the rice with herbicide treatments significantly increased. Damage scale of rice plant of all treatments was higher than that of control under the same BPH density and same environmental condition. One of causes of benefit to BPH feeding was increased in free amino acids and decreased in sucrose or ratio of C/N. It is suggested that there was two way effect of herbicide application on both rice and BPH.

实验技术

Select

Research on the Method to Estimating Flag Leaf Photosynthesis Function Duration at Rice Seedling Stage by Relative Steady Phase of Chlorophyll Content CAO Shu-qing ,LU Wei ,ZHAI Hu-qu ,SHENG Sheng-lan ,GONG Hong-bing ,YANG Tu-nan ,ZHANG Rong-xian 2001, 15(4): 309-313 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (191KB) ( )   Chlorophyll contents in different position intact and detached leaves in eight rice varieties were measured by a SPAD-502 hand held chlorophyll meter. Two periods of chlorophyll content changes in intact and detached leaves, namely relative steady phase(RSP), and rapid declined phase of chlorophyll content, were apparently observed in different rice varieties. Regression analysis results revealed a significant relationship of RSP in detached and in intact leaves and among different position leaves. Furthermore, RSP in the detached sixth and intact flag leaves in other 34 rice varieties were determined and modeled by several equations, showing that the relationship between them expressed in polynomial equation was the best due to its highest correlation coefficient (r=0.9619, P < 0.01). Photosynthetic function durations in flag leaves in the other 10 rice varieties were estimated by this polynomial equation and simultaneously measured in practice. The result showed that estimated value was positively significantly correlated with measured RSP value and active photosynthesis duration, and their correlation coefficients were 0.9948 and 0.9913, respectively, further indicating the relationship between them.

研究简报

Select

Discovery of a Dominant Semi-Dwarf Japonica Rice Mutant and Its Preliminary Study TONG Ji-ping,WU Yue-jin,WU Jing-de,LIU Gui-fu,ZHENG Le-ya,YU Zeng-liang 2001, 15(4): 314-316 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (98KB) ( )   In F6 generation selected nursery of medium japonica rice cross between M9056 and R8018 xuan, a semi dwarf mutant was found. Based on the analysis of the populations variation of plant height of F1 and F2 from reciprocal cross and its parents, it was found that the semi dwarfism of the mutant was controlled by a pair of dominant nuclear genes, its expression could not be affected by cytoplasm.

Select

Preliminary Study on Rice Brown Spot Mimic Lesion Virulence on Bt Gene Transformed Rice Kemingdao TANG Jian ,YE Gong-yin ,YANG Bao-jun ,ZHAO Xin-hua ,JIANG Yue-nan ,SHU Qing-yao ,YUAN Xiao-ping 2001, 15(4): 317-319 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (99KB) ( )   A diseased spot had been observed on leaves of Bt gene transformed rice Kemingdao in paddy field. The lesion was similar to the rice brown spot, however, the fungus had not been identified as Cochiliobolus miyabeanus according to the characteristics of spores produced on PDA media. Three indices, i.e. severity, maximum injure degree and injure degree were used to evaluate the virulence of rice brown spot mimic lesion on Bt gene transformed rice Kemingdao 1 (KMD 1), Kemingdao 2 (KMD 2), as well as their original parent Xiushui 11. The results indicated that KMD was much more susceptible than Xiushu 11. Comparison with the virulence among top leaf to the 5th leaf, a significant difference indicated that the lesion occurred sequentially from the bottom to the top, and damaged KMD more seriously than their parent Xiushui 11.

Select

Identification and Pathogenicity Test of Pathogenic Fusarium of Rice Blight GAO Tong-chun ,YE Zhong-yin ,WANG Mei ,MA Yan-ming 2001, 15(4): 320-322 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (113KB) ( )   Fifty eight single spore isolations, from 354 samples of rice seedling blight in dry raised nursery, have been identified as six species of Fusarium according to their asexual stages. Isolations of F. moniliforme were majority,with the rate of 60.35%; the isolations of F. solani, F.oxysporum, F. semitectum, F.lateritium and F. decemcellulare were 5 17%, 13 79%, 6.90%, 10.35% and 3.45%, respectively.The result of inoculation showed that F.moniliforme had the highest pathogenicity. The percentage infected by pathogenic Fusarium from middle and base of root was higher than that from tip of root and base of stem. 6-8 day seedling of rice was the most sensitive to pathogenic Fusarium. The rice seedlings treated with filtrations of different liquids inoculating Fusarium could produce the same or more serious symptoms of blight.

Select

Benzothiadiazole-induced Systemic Acquired Resistance in Rice Against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae SONG Feng-ming,GE Xiu-chun,ZHENG Zhong,XIE Yan 2001, 15(4): 323-326 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (137KB) ( )   Suppression of the bacterial leaf blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was observed in rice seedlings pretreated with benzothiadiazole (BTH, 0.5 mmol/L), salicylic acid (1 mmol/L), nickelous nitrate (0.5 mmol/L), paclobutrazole (0.3 g/L) or uniconazole (0.04 g/L) 3 days before inoculation with the bacteria, resulting in reduction of lesion length by 14-51%. No significant inhibitory effect of BTH at 1 mmol/L on the growth of X. oryzae pv. oryzae was detected in vitro. The optimum concentration of BTH for resistance induction was found to be at 0.5-1.0 mmol/L. An interval of at least 1 day between BTH induction and challenge inoculation was required for establishment of the induced resistance, among which a 7 day interval gave the highest protection. The BTH induced resistance gave protection from the disease for at least 15 days once induced. Lesion length on the third and the fourth fully expanded leaves was significantly reduced when the lower second leaves were induced by injection with BTH. The development of the BTH induced resistance on the upper leaves required the presence of the lower induced leaves for at least 24 h after treatment with BTH. The results indicate that the BTH induced resistance against the bacterial leaf blight disease was most likely to be a response of systemic acquired resistance.

Select

Analysis on Rice Trace in Sintering Soil from Duling ao Ruin in Chaling County, Hunan Province ZHANG Wen-xu ,XI Dao-he 2001, 15(4): 327-329 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (136KB) ( )   Fifteen rice trace in sintering soil of Duling'ao ruin were studied with scanning microscope. The characteristics of indica like in grain shape and japonica-like of bi-peaked tubercle were observed in tested materials, but it still remained a part of characters of O.rufipogon of Chaling area. It was inferred that the ancient rice in Duling'ao ruin should be a type of original cutivated japonica with minute grain.

Select

Effect of Uniconzole on Histological Structures of Rice Seedling LI Yue-ying ,CHEN Feng-yu 2001, 15(4): 330-332 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (205KB) ( )   Epidermal cells of leaf, transverse sections of stem, and chloroplast structure of leaf were observed at 3 leaf age rice seedling with rice seeds soaked in 30 mg/L uniconzole (S-07) emulsion for 24 hours. The results showed that the epidermal cells of S-07 treatment became shorter. The shape of epidermal cells of rice seedling was changed from the conical in the control to rectangle in those after treatments. The intercellular space were closer, and the stem wall of treatment were thicker about 44.4 percent than control. These results showed that shoots of rice seedling of S-07 treatment were shorten mainly by shortening cell and not reducing the cell number. The lodging resistance of rice seedling was increased mainly by the thickness of stem increasing. The number and density of chloroplast grana increased by S-07 treatment, which indicates that S-07 can transform chloroplast grana.