Abstract: Physiological characteristics of super high yielding rice cultivars, which were bred recently, were studied in Longhai, Fujian and Taoyuan, Yunnan. The results showed that super high yielding rice cultivars accumulated high biomass production. The grain yield were raised with the increase of total dry matter accumulation. The grain yield resulted primarily from biomass production and harvest index contributed little to the grain yield. The production superiority of super high yielding rice was exhibited during the middle and late growth stages and the yield was increased with the increase of net dry matter accumulation during the two stages. The crop growth rate(CGR) of the cultivar during the middle and late growth stages had high positive correlation with the yield. However there was no close correlation between the CGR and the yield during the early stage. The average exportation amount of stem and leaf dry matter contributed 24%(Fujian) or 33%(Yunnan) to grain production. Both stem and leaf dry matter exportation amount and dry matter accumulation after heading had a very significant positive correlation with the grain yield. The contribution of CGR to dry matter accumulation was significantly larger than that of growth duration.

Key words: rice, super high yielding, dry matter production, crop growth rate, dry matter transportion

摘要： 以我国近年育成的超高产水稻品种为材料, 在福建龙海和云南涛源研究分析了超高产水稻品种的高产生理特性。结果表明超高产水稻品种积累了高额的生物量。 稻谷产量随干物质积累总量的增加而提高，产量主要取决于生物产量的高低，而收获指数对稻谷产量的贡献较小。超高产水稻干物质生产优势在中期和后期，产量随中期和后期干物质净积累量的增加而提高。中期和后期的群体生长率(CGR)与产量呈高度正相关，而前期CGR与产量的关系不密切。茎叶干物质输出量构成籽粒产量平均为24％（福建龙海）和33％（云南涛源），茎叶干物质输出量和抽穗后干物质积累量均与稻谷产量呈极显著正相关。在同一地点，对干物质积累的作用，CGR显著大于生长日数。

关键词: 水稻, 超高产, 干物质生产, 群体生长率, 干物质运转