Effects of Nano-magnesium on Rice Yield Formation and Nitrogen Utilization

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210608

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of nano- and ion-magnesium on rice grain yield, yield formation and nitrogen uptake and utilization.【Method】 A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of nano-magnesium and ion-magnesium on rice yield formation and nitrogen accumulation and utilization under nitrogen application rates of 0 kg/hm², 180 kg/hm²and 270 kg/hm², respectively.【Result】 Application of nano-magnesium and ion-magnesium can effectively increase rice yield at the same N application level. The yield of rice treated with nano-magnesium were significantly higher than that treated with sodium magnesium. Moreover, the same trend was also observed in LAI and the accumulation of dry matter in the late stage of rice growth. The application of nano-magnesium could improve the dry matter formation in the late stage of rice growth, increased the SPAD value, photosynthetic potential and net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf after heading, promoted the synthesis of rice dry matter and the accumulation in grains, and finally achieved the goal of increasing rice production. At the same level of nitrogen fertilizer application, the application of nano-magnesium and ionic-magnesium increased the nitrogen concentration and nitrogen accumulation in rice stems, leaves, and grains, and promoted the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen agronomic utilization rate, nitrogen physiological utilization rate and nitrogen absorption and utilization. These promotion effects of nano-magnesium were better than that of ionic-magnesium in this study.【Conclusion】 In summary, nano-magnesium can be used as a fertilization measure for green and high-efficiency rice cultivation.

Key words: rice, nano-magnesium, dry matter accumulation, yield composition, nitrogen utilization

摘要：

【目的】探明纳米镁和离子镁对水稻产量、产量形成和氮素吸收利用的影响。【方法】以南粳9108为试验对象,设置了3个氮水平(0、180、270 kg/hm² )下不施镁肥和施用纳米镁或离子镁的盆栽试验。【结果】相同氮肥施用水平下,施用纳米镁和离子镁处理的水稻籽粒产量较不施镁处理均有所提高,且施用纳米镁处理的籽粒产量均高于施用离子镁处理,其原因在于施用纳米镁能够提高水稻生育后期叶面积指数、剑叶SPAD值、光合势和净光合速率,促进水稻生育后期光合物质的积累,获得更高的每穗粒数、结实率以及千粒重。相同氮肥施用水平下,与不施外源镁处理相比,离子镁和纳米镁的施用均提高了水稻各器官的氮浓度和氮积累量,并促进了氮肥偏生产力、氮素农学利用率、氮素生理利用率和氮素吸收利用率的提高。【结论】纳米镁较离子镁更有利于提高水稻灌浆期间的光合物质积累,促进水稻生产力和氮肥利用率的提高,可作为水稻绿色高效栽培的施肥措施。

关键词: 水稻, 纳米镁, 干物质积累, 产量构成, 氮素利用

CHEN Zhiqing, LIU Mengzhu, WANG Rui, CUI Peiyuan, LU Hao, WEI Haiyan, ZHANG Hongcheng, ZHANG Haipeng. Effects of Nano-magnesium on Rice Yield Formation and Nitrogen Utilization[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(2): 195-206.

陈志青, 刘梦竹, 王锐, 崔培媛, 卢豪, 魏海燕, 张洪程, 张海鹏. 纳米镁对水稻产量形成和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(2): 195-206.

Figures/Tables 8

References 37

[1]	Yang J C. Approaches to achieve high grain yield and high resource use efficiency in rice[J]. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, 2015,2(2):155-123.
[2]	张智, 李小坤, 丛日环, 任涛, 黄铁平, 鲁艳红. 稻田优化施肥效果与氮、磷环境效益评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016,49(5):906-915.
	Zhang Z, Li X K, Cong R H, Ren T, Huang T P, Lu Y H. Optimized fertilization effects and environmental benefits evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the paddy soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016,49(5):906-915. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	杨艳菊, 赵宇航, 柯帅, 单玉华, 张海鹏, 李宏图, 钱晓晴, 王娟娟. 种植年限对设施西瓜土壤净硝化速率及N₂O排放的影响[J]. 扬州大学学报: 农业与生命科学版, 2018,39(3):75-80.
	Yang Y J, Zhao Y H, Ke S, Shan Y H, Zhang H P, Li H T, Qian X Q, Wang J J. Effects of cropping years on net nitrification rate and N₂O emission from greenhouse soils planted with watermelons[J]. Journal of Yangzhou University: Agricultural and Life Science Edition, 2018,39(3):75-80. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	蔡祖聪, 钦绳武. 作物N、P、K含量对于平衡施肥的诊断意义[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2006,12(4):473-478.
	Cai Z C, Qin S W. Diagnosis of balanced fertilization by N, P, K contents in grain and straw of wheat and maize[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2006,12(4):473-478. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	周雯雯, 贾浩然, 张月, 李卫, 李保同, 汤丽梅. 不同类型新型肥料对双季稻产量、氮肥利用率和经济效益的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020,26(4):657-668.
	Zhou W W, Jia H R, Zhang Y, Li W, Li B T, Tang L M. Effects of different new types of fertilizer on yield, nitrogen use eiificiency and economic benefit of double cropping rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020,26(4):657-668. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	刘晓霞, 潘贤, 张欢. 施肥方式及化肥用量对水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020,36(34):1-4.
	Liu X X, Pan X, Zhang H. Effects of fertilization method and chemical fertilizer amount on rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020,36(34):1-4. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	解文孝, 李建国, 刘军, 吕军, 梁传斌, 潘争艳, 李蒙杉, 史鸿儒. 不同土壤背景下秸秆还田量对水稻产量构成及氮吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2021,53(2):248-255.
	Xie W X, Li J G, Liu J, Lv J, Liang C B, Pan Z Y, Li M S, Shi H R. Effects of straw returning amounts on rice yield components and N uptake of different soil background[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2021,53(2):248-255. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]	杨祥田, 林贤青, 曾孝元, 王旭辉, 罗三镯. 水稻强化栽培下不同氮肥管理对产量与氮素利用的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2007,38(3):463-466.
	Yang X T, Lin X Q, Zeng X Y, Wang X H, Luo S Z. Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization under Rice Intensification Cultivation[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2007,38(3):463-466. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	Tian X P, Fan Y, Jin Y L, Yi Z L, Li J M. Ammonium detoxification mechanism of ammonium-tolerant duckweed (Landolina punctate) revealed by carbon and nitrogen metabolism under ammonium stress[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2021,277:116834-116834.
[10]	卞赛男, 常鹏杰, 王宁杭, 刘志高, 张明如, 吴家胜, 申亚梅, 王小德. 氮素形态对喜树叶片生长、叶绿素荧光参数及叶绿体相关基因表达的影响[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2019,36(5):908-916.
	Bian S N, Chang P J, Wang N H, Liu Z G, Zhang M R, Wu J S, Shen Y M, Wang X D. Leaf growth, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, and expression of photosystem-related genes in Camptotheca acuminata with different N forms’ fertilization[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A & F University, 2019,36(5):908-916. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	顾俊飞, 周振翔, 李志康, 戴琪星, 孔祥胜, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 水稻低叶绿素含量突变对光合作用及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2016,42(4):551-560.
	Gu J F, Zhou Z X, Li Z K, Dai Q X, Kong X S, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. Effects of the mutant with low chlorophyll content on photosynjournal and yield in rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2016,42(4):551-560. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	徐晨, 刘晓龙, 李前, 凌凤楼, 武志海, 张志安. 供氮水平对盐胁迫下水稻叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J]. 植物学报, 2018,53(2):185-195.
	Xu C, Liu X L, Li Q, Ling F L, Wu Z H, Zhang Z A. Effect of salt stress on photosynjournal and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of rice leaf for nitrogen levels[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2018,53(2):185-195. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	李军, 肖丹丹, 邓先亮, 朱大伟, 邢志鹏, 胡雅杰, 崔培媛, 郭保卫, 魏海燕, 张洪程. 镁锌肥追施时期对优良食味粳稻产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018,51(8):1448-1463.
	Li J, Xiao D D, Deng X L, Zhu D W, Xing Z P, Hu Y J, Cui P Y, Guo B W, Wei H Y, Zhang H C. Effects of topdressing magnesium and zinc fertilizers at different periods on yield and quality of japonica rice with good eating quality[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018,51(8):1448-1463. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	杨文祥, 李刚华, 王强盛, 王绍华, 吴昊, 丁艳锋. 镁对稻米食味品质的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2007,23(3):166-171.
	Yang W X, Li G H, Wang Q S, Wang S H, Wu H, Ding Y F. Effect of Mg fertilizer on rice taste quality[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2007,23(3):166-171. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	聂录, 林玉萍, 张少波. 镁肥对水稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 现代化农业, 2017,39(6):17-18.
	Nie L, Lin Y P, Zhang S B. Effect of magnesium fertilizer on rice yield and quality[J]. Modernizing Agriculture, 2017,39(6):17-18. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	张美玲, 耿玉辉, 曹国军, Stephano M F, 黄琦嘉, 周丽娟. 秸秆还田下施镁对土壤交换镁及春玉米镁素积累和产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(3):226-231, 237.
	Zhang M L, Geng Y H, Cao G J, Stephano M F, Huang Q J, Zhou L J. Effects of magnesium application on exchangeable magnesium and magnesium accumulation in soil and yield of spring maize under straw returning[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020,34(3):226-231, 237. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	田贵生, 陆志峰, 任涛, 鲁剑巍. 镁肥基施及后期喷施对油菜产量与品质的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2019,51(5):85-90.
	Tian G S, Lu Z F, Ren T, Lu J W. Effects of spraying magnesium on the yield and quality of oilseed rape under different magnesium fertilizer application rates[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2019,51(5):85-90. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	李晓鸣. 矿质镁对水稻产量及品质影响的研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2002,8(1):125-126.
	Li X M. Study on the effect of mineral magnesium on rice yield and quality[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2002,8(1):125-126. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	陈士勇, 杨艳菊, 黄帅, 陆钰婷, 王娟娟, 单玉华, 刘国栋, 张海鹏. 强还原处理对西瓜连作土壤性质及西瓜产量的影响[J]. 扬州大学学报: 农业与生命科学版, 2019,40(5):103-109.
	Chen S Y, Yang Y J, Huang S, Lu Y T, Wang J J, Shan Y H, Liu G D, Zhang H P. Effects of reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) on continuous cropping soil properties and watermelon yield[J]. Journal of Yangzhou University(Agricultural and Life Science Edition), 2019,40(5):103-109. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	陶龙兴, 谈惠娟, 王熹, 曹立勇, 宋建, 程式华. 高温胁迫对国稻6号开花结实习性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2008,34(4):669-674.
	Tao L X, Tan H J, Wang X, Cao L Y, Song J, Cheng S H. Effects of high temperature stress on flowering and grain-setting characteristics for Guodao 6[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2008,34(4):669-674. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	黄丽芬, 全晓艳, 张蓉, 袁毅, 赵伟, 姜玲玲, 施金琦, 庄恒扬. 光氮及其互作对水稻干物质积累与分配的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2014,28(2):167-176.
	Huang L F, Quan X Y, Zhang R, Yuan Y, Zhao W, Jiang L L, Shi J Q, Zhuang H Y. Interactive effects of light intensity and nitrogen supply on dry matter production and distribution of rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2014,28(2):167-176. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	付正豪, 马中涛, 魏海燕, 邢志鹏, 刘国栋, 胡群, 张洪程. 不同机械化栽培方式下控释肥配比对迟熟中粳水稻产量形成及氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022,48(1):165-179.
	Fu Z H, Ma Z T, Wei H Y, Xing Z P, Liu G D, Hu Q, Zhang H C. Effects of controlled release fertilizer ratio on yield formation and nitrogen absorption and utilization of late-maturing medium japonica rice under different mechanized cultivation methods[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022,48(1):165-179. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	张洪程, 胡雅杰, 杨建昌, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉, 郭保卫, 邢志鹏, 胡群. 中国特色水稻栽培学发展与展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021,54(7):1301-1321.
	Zhang H C, Hu Y J, Yang J C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Gao H, Guo B W, Xing Z P, Hu Q. Development and prospect of rice cultivation in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021,54(7):1301-1321. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	Hu Q, Jang W Q, Qiu S, Xing Z P, Hu Y J A. Effect of wide-narrow row arrangement in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting and plant density on yield formation and grain quality of japonica rice[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2020,19(5):1197-1214.
[25]	凌宇飞, 王锐, 陈志青, 杨硕, 崔培媛, 邢志鹏, 张海鹏, 张洪程. 纳米镁对水稻产量及其形成特征影响的差异[J]. 扬州大学学报: 农业与生命科学版, 2020,41(6):9-14.
	Ling Y F, Wang R, Chen Z Q, Yang S, Cui P Y, Xing Z P, Zhang H P, Zhang H C. Effects of nano-molybdenum on rice yield and yield components[J]. Journal of Yangzhou University: Agricultural and Life Science Edition) 2020,41(6):9-14. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	魏海燕, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 杭杰, 马群, 张胜飞, 张庆, 刘艳阳. 不同水稻氮利用效率基因型的物质生产与积累特性[J]. 作物学报, 2007,33(11):1802-1809.
	Wei H Y, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Hang J, Ma Q, Zhang S F, Zhang Q, Liu Y Y. Characteristics of matter production and accumulation of rice genotypes with different nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2007,33(11):1802-1809. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	侯云鹏, 韩立国, 孔丽丽, 尹彩侠, 秦裕波, 李前, 谢佳贵. 不同施氮水平下水稻的养分吸收、转运及土壤氮素平衡[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015,21(4):836-845.
	Hou Y P, Han L G, Kong L L, Yin C X, Qin Y B, Li Q, Xie J G. Nutrient absorption,translocation in rice and soil nitrogen equilibrium under different nitrogen application doses[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015,21(4):836-845. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]	Tirol-Padre A, Ladha J K, Singh U, Laureles E, Punzalan G, Akita S. Grain yield performance of rice genotypes at suboptimal levels of soil N as affected by N uptake and utilization efficiency[J]. Field Crops Research, 1996,46(1):127-143.
[29]	Inthapanya I P, Sihavong P, Sihathep V, Chanphengsay M, Ukai S F, Basnayake J. Genotype differences in nutrient uptake and utilization for grain yield production of rainfed lowland rice under fertilised and non-fertilised conditions[J]. Field Crops Research, 2000,65(1):57-68.
[30]	董桂春, 王熠, 于小凤, 周娟, 彭斌, 李进前, 田昊, 张燕, 袁秋梅, 王余龙. 不同生育期水稻品种氮素吸收利用的差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011,44(22):4570-4582.
	Dong G C, Wang Y, Yu X F, Zhou J, Peng B, Li J Q, Tian H, Zhang Y, Yuan Q M, Wang Y L. Differences in nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice varieties in different growth periods[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011,44(22):4570-4582. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	Ntanos D A, Koutroubas S D. Dry matter and N accumulation and translocation for indica and japonica rice under Mediterranean conditions[J]. Field Crops Research, 2002,74(1):93-101.
[32]	Jiang L G, Dai T B, Jiang D, Cao W X, Gan X Q, Wei S Q. Charactering physiological N-use efficiency as influenced by nitrogen management in three rice cultivars[J]. Field Crops Research, 2004,88(2):239-250.
[33]	丁玉川, 罗伟, 任小利, 徐国华. 不同镁浓度对水稻根系生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009,15(3):537-543.
	Ding Y C, Luo W, Ren X L, Xu G H. Effect of different magnesium nutrition on root growth and physiological characteristics of rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2009,15(3):537-543. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[34]	丁玉川, 罗伟, 徐国华. 镁、钾相互作用对水稻生长、养分吸收及有关生理特性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2008,16(2):340-344.
	Ding Y C, Luo W, Xu G H. Effect of magnesium and potassium interaction on growth, nutrient uptake and related physiological characteristics of rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2008,16(2):340-344. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]	吴越, 胡静, 陈琛, 张家星, 李万元, 唐东南, 仲军, 羊彬, 朱正康, 姚友礼, 王余龙, 董桂春. 江苏省早熟晚粳高产水稻新品种氮素吸收利用特征及成因分析[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017,31(6):63-74.
	Wu Y, Hu J, Chen C, Zhang J X, Li W Y, Tang D N, Zhong J, Yang B, Zhu Z K, Yao Y L, Wang Y L, Dong G C. Nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics of the newly approved early-maturity late japonica rice cultivars in Jiangsu Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2017,31(6):63-74. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[36]	江立庚, 曹卫星, 甘秀芹, 韦善清, 徐建云, 董登峰, 陈念平, 陆福勇, 秦华东. 不同施氮水平对南方早稻氮素吸收利用及其产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2004,37(4):490-496.
	Jiang L G, Cao W X, Gan X Q, Wei S Q, Xu J Y, Dong D F, Chen N P, Lu F Y, Qin H D. Nitrogen uptake and utilization under different nitrogen management and influence on grain yield and quality in rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2004,37(4):490-496. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[37]	Zhang H P, Wang R, Chen Z Q, Cui P Y, Lu H, Yang Y J, Zhang H C. The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles for enhancing rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and quality[J]. Agriculture, 2021,11(12):1247.

年份 Year	镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	实际产量 Yield /(g·pot^-1)
2019	不施镁	0	263.9 d	107.8 d	91.83 a	26.92 a	238.76 d
	Zero-Mg	180	352.4 b	114.8 c	90.64 a	26.72 a	313.32 c
		270	382.3 ab	131.0 ab	91.26 a	26.78 a	404.44 a
	离子镁	0	285.9 c	110.7 c	92.01 a	26.90 a	243.13 d
	Ionic-Mg	180	365.6 b	125.7 b	92.86 a	27.16 a	359.55 b
		270	386.0 a	133.1 a	91.41 a	26.76 a	410.10 a
	纳米镁	0	294.4 c	112.8 c	92.38 a	26.72 a	246.04 d
	Nano-Mg	180	369.6 ab	125.6 b	92.56 a	27.61 a	364.36 b
		270	386.8 a	132.6 a	91.52 a	26.81 a	413.29 a
2020	不施镁	0	269.7 d	108.6 d	91.98 a	27.12 a	249.29 d
	Zero-Mg	180	362.0 b	115.4 c	90.97 a	26.97 a	316.89 c
		270	387.8 a	132. ab	91.55 a	26.71 a	419.27 a
	离子镁	0	292.7 c	111.9 cd	92.40 a	27.22 a	254.10 d
	Ionic-Mg	180	375.6 ab	126.5 b	92.54 a	27.01 a	367.68 b
		270	395.6 a	133.9 a	93.19 a	27.59 a	426.87 a
	纳米镁	0	298.8 c	113.8 cd	91.82 a	27.38 a	256.46 d
	Nano-Mg	180	376.1 ab	127.6 b	93.05 a	27.53 a	373.70 b
		270	395.6 a	133.6 ab	92.48 a	27.74 a	432.47 a
年份 Y			*	ns	ns	ns	ns
镁肥处理 Mg			**	**	ns	ns	**
氮肥用量 N			**	**	ns	ns	**
镁肥×氮肥 Mg×N			ns	*	ns	ns	**

年份 Year	镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate /%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	实际产量 Yield /(g·pot^-1)
2019	不施镁	0	263.9 d	107.8 d	91.83 a	26.92 a	238.76 d
	Zero-Mg	180	352.4 b	114.8 c	90.64 a	26.72 a	313.32 c
		270	382.3 ab	131.0 ab	91.26 a	26.78 a	404.44 a
	离子镁	0	285.9 c	110.7 c	92.01 a	26.90 a	243.13 d
	Ionic-Mg	180	365.6 b	125.7 b	92.86 a	27.16 a	359.55 b
		270	386.0 a	133.1 a	91.41 a	26.76 a	410.10 a
	纳米镁	0	294.4 c	112.8 c	92.38 a	26.72 a	246.04 d
	Nano-Mg	180	369.6 ab	125.6 b	92.56 a	27.61 a	364.36 b
		270	386.8 a	132.6 a	91.52 a	26.81 a	413.29 a
2020	不施镁	0	269.7 d	108.6 d	91.98 a	27.12 a	249.29 d
	Zero-Mg	180	362.0 b	115.4 c	90.97 a	26.97 a	316.89 c
		270	387.8 a	132. ab	91.55 a	26.71 a	419.27 a
	离子镁	0	292.7 c	111.9 cd	92.40 a	27.22 a	254.10 d
	Ionic-Mg	180	375.6 ab	126.5 b	92.54 a	27.01 a	367.68 b
		270	395.6 a	133.9 a	93.19 a	27.59 a	426.87 a
	纳米镁	0	298.8 c	113.8 cd	91.82 a	27.38 a	256.46 d
	Nano-Mg	180	376.1 ab	127.6 b	93.05 a	27.53 a	373.70 b
		270	395.6 a	133.6 ab	92.48 a	27.74 a	432.47 a
年份 Y			*	ns	ns	ns	ns
镁肥处理 Mg			**	**	ns	ns	**
氮肥用量 N			**	**	ns	ns	**
镁肥×氮肥 Mg×N			ns	*	ns	ns	**

镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	干物质量 Dry matter weight/(t·hm^-2)			播种-拔节 Sowing-jointing		拔节-抽穗 Jointing-heading		抽穗-成熟 Heading-maturity
镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	积累量 Accumulation /(t·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio /%	积累量 Accumulation /(t·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio /%	积累量 Accumulation /(t·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio /%
不施镁	0	2.33 d	6.97 d	10.04 d	2.33 d	23.21 a	4.64 d	46.22 a	3.07 d	30.58 c
Zero-Mg	180	3.06 c	8.55 c	13.27 c	3.06 c	23.06 ab	5.49 c	41.37 b	4.72 c	35.57 b
	270	3.63 a	10.31 a	16.15 a	3.63 a	22.48 ab	6.68 a	41.36 b	5.84 b	36.16 b
离子镁	0	2.35 d	7.00 d	10.15 d	2.35 d	23.15 a	4.65 d	45.81 a	3.15 d	31.03 c
Ionic-Mg	180	3.37 b	9.47 b	15.18 b	3.37 b	22.20 ab	6.10 b	40.18 b	5.71 b	37.62 ab
	270	3.66 a	10.38 a	16.45 a	3.66 a	22.25 ab	6.72 a	40.85 b	6.07 ab	36.90 ab
纳米镁	0	2.43 d	7.20 d	10.44 d	2.43 d	23.28 a	4.77 d	45.69 a	3.24 d	31.03 c
Nano-Mg	180	3.34 b	9.40 b	15.30 b	3.34 b	21.83 b	6.06 b	39.61 b	5.90 ab	38.56 a
	270	3.68 a	10.42 a	16.57 a	3.68 a	22.21 ab	6.74 a	40.68 b	6.15 a	37.12 ab
镁肥处理 Mg		*	*	**	*	ns	*	ns	**	*
氮肥用量 N		**	**	**	**	*	**	**	**	**
镁肥×氮肥 Mg×N		ns	*	**	ns	ns	*	ns	**	ns

镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	干物质量 Dry matter weight/(t·hm^-2)			播种-拔节 Sowing-jointing		拔节-抽穗 Jointing-heading		抽穗-成熟 Heading-maturity
镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	积累量 Accumulation /(t·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio /%	积累量 Accumulation /(t·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio /%	积累量 Accumulation /(t·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio /%
不施镁	0	2.33 d	6.97 d	10.04 d	2.33 d	23.21 a	4.64 d	46.22 a	3.07 d	30.58 c
Zero-Mg	180	3.06 c	8.55 c	13.27 c	3.06 c	23.06 ab	5.49 c	41.37 b	4.72 c	35.57 b
	270	3.63 a	10.31 a	16.15 a	3.63 a	22.48 ab	6.68 a	41.36 b	5.84 b	36.16 b
离子镁	0	2.35 d	7.00 d	10.15 d	2.35 d	23.15 a	4.65 d	45.81 a	3.15 d	31.03 c
Ionic-Mg	180	3.37 b	9.47 b	15.18 b	3.37 b	22.20 ab	6.10 b	40.18 b	5.71 b	37.62 ab
	270	3.66 a	10.38 a	16.45 a	3.66 a	22.25 ab	6.72 a	40.85 b	6.07 ab	36.90 ab
纳米镁	0	2.43 d	7.20 d	10.44 d	2.43 d	23.28 a	4.77 d	45.69 a	3.24 d	31.03 c
Nano-Mg	180	3.34 b	9.40 b	15.30 b	3.34 b	21.83 b	6.06 b	39.61 b	5.90 ab	38.56 a
	270	3.68 a	10.42 a	16.57 a	3.68 a	22.21 ab	6.74 a	40.68 b	6.15 a	37.12 ab
镁肥处理 Mg		*	*	**	*	ns	*	ns	**	*
氮肥用量 N		**	**	**	**	*	**	**	**	**
镁肥×氮肥 Mg×N		ns	*	**	ns	ns	*	ns	**	ns

镁肥类型 Mg fertilizer type	氮肥用量 N application rate/(kg·hm^-2)	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	结实期叶面积衰减速率 Decreasing rate of leaf area/(d^-1)
不施镁Zero-Mg	0	2.80 c	4.80 c	2.08 d	0.0545 d
	180	4.16 b	7.03 b	3.16 c	0.0773 b
	270	4.52 a	7.49 a	3.36 b	0.0826 a
离子镁Ionic-Mg	0	2.82 c	4.95 c	2.20 d	0.0551 d
	180	4.23 b	7.38 a	3.79 a	0.0718 c
	270	4.55 a	7.61 a	3.79 a	0.0765 b
纳米镁Nano-Mg	0	2.91 c	4.93 c	2.21 d	0.0544 d
	180	4.25 b	7.47 a	3.86 a	0.0722 c
	270	4.58 a	7.64 a	3.88 a	0.0752 bc
镁肥处理 Mg		ns	*	**	**
氮肥用量 N		**	**	**	**
镁肥×氮肥 Mg×N		ns	ns	**	*