Effect of Site-Specific Nitrogen Management on Grain Yield and Quality of japonicaRice Varieties Differed in Response to Nitrogen

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7102 237

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim is to clarify theeffect of site-specific nitrogen management on grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and grain quality of japonicarice varieties with different nitrogen responses. 【Method】 Using fourjaponicarice varieties(Huaidao 5, Lianjing 7, Ningjing 1 and Yangjing 4038) as material, three nitrogen managements, zeronitrogen plot(ZN), farmers’common practice(FCP) and site-specific nitrogen management (SSNM), were applied during the growing season.The yield components, nitrogen use efficiency and grain qualitywere investigated.【Result】Compared with FCP,SSNM significantly increased grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency, especiallyforvarieties with A-type nitrogen response(typeA). SSNM significantly improvedhead rice percentage, gel consistency, hot viscosity and breakdown values, and increased the content of albumin and glutelin, reduced chalkiness, amylose content and gelatinization temperature.Compared with varieties fallen in B-type of nitrogen response(type B), A-type varieties had a greater head rice percentage and breakdown values at the same nitrogen management, higher content of albumin and glutelin, lower chalkiness, amylose content and setback value.【Conclusion】SSNM could significantly increase grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency for both A-type andB-typevarieties,andA-type varieties were more sensitive to nitrogen in terms of grain quality of rice.

Key words: rice, nitrogen response, site-specific nitrogen management, yield, grain quality

摘要：

【目的】本研究旨在阐明实地氮肥管理对不同氮响应粳稻品种产量、氮肥利用效率和稻米品质的影响。【方法】以4个粳稻品种(淮稻5号、连粳7号、宁粳1号和扬粳4308)为材料,设置了氮空白、农民常规施肥和实地氮肥管理3个氮肥处理,观察了不同氮肥处理下产量构成、氮肥利用效率和稻米品质的变化特征。【结果】与农民常规施肥相比,实地氮肥管理显著提高了水稻的产量和氮肥利用效率。实地氮肥管理显著提高了水稻的整精米率、胶稠度、热浆黏度和崩解值,显著增加了稻米中清蛋白和谷蛋白的含量,显著降低了垩白度、直链淀粉含量和糊化温度。依据不同品种在较低施氮量下产量和氮肥利用效率的响应,将供试品种分为A型(淮稻5号和连粳7号)和B型(宁粳1号和扬粳4038)。与氮响应B型品种相比,氮响应A型品种的整精米率、清蛋白和谷蛋白含量、崩解值较高,垩白度、直链淀粉含量、消减值较低。【结论】实地氮肥管理可以提高不同粳稻品种的产量和氮肥利用效率,对氮响应A型品种的效果更为明显,其米质对氮肥的响应更为敏感。

关键词: 水稻, 氮响应, 实地氮肥管理, 产量, 稻米品质

CLC Number:

Chengxin JU, Yaojie CHEN, Buhong ZHAO, Lijun LIU, Zhiqin WANG, Jianchang YANG. Effect of Site-Specific Nitrogen Management on Grain Yield and Quality of japonicaRice Varieties Differed in Response to Nitrogen[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2018, 32(3): 237-246.

剧成欣, 陈尧杰, 赵步洪, 刘立军, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 实地氮肥管理对不同氮响应粳稻品种产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018, 32(3): 237-246.

Figures/Tables 8

References 43

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时期 Stage	氮空白区ZN /(kg·hm^-2)	农民常规FCP /(kg·hm^-2)	实地氮肥SSNM /(kg·hm^-2)
移栽前Pre-transplanting	-	150	90
分蘖中期Mid-tillering	-	60	60
穗分化始期Panicle initiation	-	60	60 (38<SPAD<40) 75 (SPAD≤38) 45 (SPAD≥42)
颖花分化期Spikelet differentiation	-	30	60 (40<SPAD<42) 75 (SPAD≤40) 45 (SPAD≥42)
合计Total	0	300	240-300

时期 Stage	氮空白区ZN /(kg·hm^-2)	农民常规FCP /(kg·hm^-2)	实地氮肥SSNM /(kg·hm^-2)
移栽前Pre-transplanting	-	150	90
分蘖中期Mid-tillering	-	60	60
穗分化始期Panicle initiation	-	60	60 (38<SPAD<40) 75 (SPAD≤38) 45 (SPAD≥42)
颖花分化期Spikelet differentiation	-	30	60 (40<SPAD<42) 75 (SPAD≤40) 45 (SPAD≥42)
合计Total	0	300	240-300

年份/品种 Year/Variety	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield /(t·hm^-2)	穗数 No. of panicles per hm²/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Filled grain rate /%	粒重 Grain weight /mg
2014
淮稻5号	氮空白区ZN	6.40 d	223 d	115 e	90.4 a	27.6 a
Huaidao5	农民常规FCP	9.19 c	301 a	141 c	80.5 e	26.9 ab
	实地氮肥SSNM	10.29 a	298 a	149 b	85.8 c	27.0 ab
连粳7号	氮空白区ZN	6.41 d	199 de	132 d	89.7 a	27.2 a
Lianjing7	农民常规FCP	9.28 c	286 ab	150 b	82.9 d	26.1 cd
	实地氮肥SSNM	10.35 a	277 b	162 a	87.4 b	26.4 bc
宁粳1号	氮空白区ZN	6.00 e	209 de	122 de	89.5 a	26.3 cd
Ningjing1	农民常规FCP	9.33 c	303 a	145 bc	83.3 d	25.5 d
	实地氮肥SSNM	9.83 b	283 ab	151 b	86.8 bc	26.5 bc
扬粳4038	氮空白区ZN	6.03 e	190 e	129 d	89.4 a	27.5 a
Yangjing4038	农民常规FCP	9.24 c	261 bc	165 a	80.7 e	26.6 bc
	实地氮肥SSNM	9.73 b	251 c	169 a	84.6 cd	27.1 ab
2015
淮稻5号	氮空白区ZN	6.33 d	204 d	122 f	93.5 a	27.2 b
Huaidao5	农民常规FCP	9.12 c	284 a	146 d	81.5 e	27.0 b
	实地氮肥SSNM	10.30 a	285 a	156 c	86.1 d	26.9 b
连粳7号	氮空白区ZN	6.31 d	187 e	140 e	89.3 bc	27.0 b
Lianjing7	农民常规FCP	9.15 c	263 b	163 b	82.7 de	25.8 c
	实地氮肥SSNM	10.29 a	263 b	174 a	86.5 d	26.0 c
宁粳1号	氮空白区ZN	5.86 e	202 d	121 f	91.1 b	26.3 c
Ningjing1	农民常规FCP	9.07 c	290 a	153 c	81.4 e	25.1 d
	实地氮肥SSNM	9.77 b	286 a	156 c	84.2 d	26.0 c
扬粳4038	氮空白区ZN	5.84 e	172 f	137 e	88.5 c	28.0 a
Yangjing4038	农民常规FCP	8.97 c	256 bc	164 b	80.9 e	26.4 c
	实地氮肥SSNM	9.48 b	248 c	167 b	85.1 d	26.9 b

年份/品种 Year/Variety	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield /(t·hm^-2)	穗数 No. of panicles per hm²/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Filled grain rate /%	粒重 Grain weight /mg
2014
淮稻5号	氮空白区ZN	6.40 d	223 d	115 e	90.4 a	27.6 a
Huaidao5	农民常规FCP	9.19 c	301 a	141 c	80.5 e	26.9 ab
	实地氮肥SSNM	10.29 a	298 a	149 b	85.8 c	27.0 ab
连粳7号	氮空白区ZN	6.41 d	199 de	132 d	89.7 a	27.2 a
Lianjing7	农民常规FCP	9.28 c	286 ab	150 b	82.9 d	26.1 cd
	实地氮肥SSNM	10.35 a	277 b	162 a	87.4 b	26.4 bc
宁粳1号	氮空白区ZN	6.00 e	209 de	122 de	89.5 a	26.3 cd
Ningjing1	农民常规FCP	9.33 c	303 a	145 bc	83.3 d	25.5 d
	实地氮肥SSNM	9.83 b	283 ab	151 b	86.8 bc	26.5 bc
扬粳4038	氮空白区ZN	6.03 e	190 e	129 d	89.4 a	27.5 a
Yangjing4038	农民常规FCP	9.24 c	261 bc	165 a	80.7 e	26.6 bc
	实地氮肥SSNM	9.73 b	251 c	169 a	84.6 cd	27.1 ab
2015
淮稻5号	氮空白区ZN	6.33 d	204 d	122 f	93.5 a	27.2 b
Huaidao5	农民常规FCP	9.12 c	284 a	146 d	81.5 e	27.0 b
	实地氮肥SSNM	10.30 a	285 a	156 c	86.1 d	26.9 b
连粳7号	氮空白区ZN	6.31 d	187 e	140 e	89.3 bc	27.0 b
Lianjing7	农民常规FCP	9.15 c	263 b	163 b	82.7 de	25.8 c
	实地氮肥SSNM	10.29 a	263 b	174 a	86.5 d	26.0 c
宁粳1号	氮空白区ZN	5.86 e	202 d	121 f	91.1 b	26.3 c
Ningjing1	农民常规FCP	9.07 c	290 a	153 c	81.4 e	25.1 d
	实地氮肥SSNM	9.77 b	286 a	156 c	84.2 d	26.0 c
扬粳4038	氮空白区ZN	5.84 e	172 f	137 e	88.5 c	28.0 a
Yangjing4038	农民常规FCP	8.97 c	256 bc	164 b	80.9 e	26.4 c
	实地氮肥SSNM	9.48 b	248 c	167 b	85.1 d	26.9 b

年份/品种 Year/Variety	处理 Treatment	吸氮量 N uptake/(kg·hm^-2)	吸收利用效率 RE/%	农学利用效率 AE/(kg·kg^-1)	生理利用效率 PE/(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 PFP/(kg·kg^-1)
2014
淮稻5号	氮空白区ZN	75.2 d
Huaidao5	农民常规FCP	169.3 c	31.4 c	9.3 d	29.6 d	30.6 c
	实地氮肥SSNM	190.2 a	45.1 a	15.3 a	33.8 b	40.4 a
连粳7号	氮空白区ZN	75.3 d
Lianjing7	农民常规FCP	168.5 c	31.1 c	9.6 d	30.8 d	30.9 c
	实地氮肥SSNM	190.8 a	45.3 a	15.5 a	34.1 b	40.6 a
宁粳1号	氮空白区ZN	72.7 e
Ningjing1	农民常规FCP	170.9 c	32.7 c	11.1 c	33.9 c	31.1 c
	实地氮肥SSNM	181.3 b	40.2 b	14.2 b	35.3 a	36.4 b
扬粳4038	氮空白区ZN	72.5 e
Yangjing4038	农民常规FCP	169.4 c	32.3 c	10.7 c	33.1 c	30.8 c
	实地氮肥SSNM	177.6 b	39.0 b	13.7 b	35.2 a	36.0 b
2015
淮稻5号	氮空白区ZN	77.5 d
Huaidao5	农民常规FCP	172.3 c	31.6 c	9.3 d	29.5 e	30.4 c
	实地氮肥SSNM	190.5 a	44.3 a	15.6 a	35.1 b	40.4 a
连粳7号	氮空白区ZN	77.6 d
Lianjing7	农民常规FCP	170.5 c	31.0 c	9.4 d	30.5 e	30.5 c
	实地氮肥SSNM	191.6 a	44.7 a	15.5 a	34.9 b	40.4 a
宁粳1号	氮空白区ZN	74.5 e
Ningjing1	农民常规FCP	169.1 c	31.5 c	10.7 c	33.9 c	30.2 c
	实地氮肥SSNM	180.3 b	39.2 b	14.5 b	37.0 a	36.2 b
扬粳4038	氮空白区ZN	74.8 e
Yangjing4038	农民常规FCP	172.6 c	32.6 c	10.4 c	32.0 d	29.9 c
	实地氮肥SSNM	179.8 b	38.9 b	13.5 b	34.7 b	37.2 b